标签： 武汉剁饼子论坛

　　According to the latest data released by Shaanxi Provincial Health and Health Commission on December 27th, from December 9th to 26th, the province reported 651 confirmed cases in COVID-19, of which 635 cases appeared in Xi ‘an. On the 25th and 26th, for two consecutive days, the number of newly confirmed cases in Xi ‘an exceeded 100 in a single day … This ancient city with a population of 10 million is being hit by the COVID-19 epidemic.

　　According to the latest news from the COVID-19 Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters in Xi ‘an, Xi ‘an started a new round of all-round nucleic acid screening at 12: 00 on the 27th-this is the fifth round of all-round nucleic acid testing since Xi ‘an officially announced the first round of all-round nucleic acid testing on December 19th.

　　In the past few days, Xi ‘an’s prevention and control policies have also been continuously strengthened and upgraded. On the 23rd, Xi ‘an began to implement the "Eleven Measures to Strengthen Prevention and Control", which required the city’s residential units to close their management and suspend business in non-essential places. From 0: 00 on the 27th, the city’s epidemic prevention and control measures were further strengthened.

　　Up to now, there are 1 high-risk area and 115 medium-risk areas in Xi ‘an. The battle against the epidemic continues.

　　A large number of confirmed cases were screened out by multiple rounds of total nucleic acid testing.

　　According to the news of the Office of Xi ‘an Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters on December 26th, Xi ‘an will usher in a new round of all-round nucleic acid testing at 12 o’clock on the 27th. The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) combed and found that this is the fifth round of total nucleic acid after the current outbreak in Xi ‘an.

　　On the afternoon of 19th, the press conference on the prevention and control of epidemic situation in COVID-19, Xi ‘an announced that all the staff in Xi ‘an had been tested for nucleic acid. Since then, on December 21st, 23rd and 25th, Xi ‘an has carried out three rounds of all-round nucleic acid testing. At present, the government has only publicly disclosed the relevant data of the second round of nucleic acid screening in Covid-19: in this round of testing, 127 cases of nucleic acid positive persons were found.

　　Several rounds of full-scale nucleic acid development have played a role in finding out the epidemic situation. The data showed that among the 155 newly confirmed cases in Xi ‘an from 0: 00 to 24: 00 on December 25th, 56 cases were found in nucleic acid screening, accounting for 36.1%. From 0: 00 to 24: 00 on 26th, among the 150 newly confirmed cases in Xi ‘an, 59 cases were found in nucleic acid screening, accounting for 39.3%.

　　Zhang Yi, director of the Institute of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control of Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said in an interview with Shaanxi Daily that there are two main reasons for the recent sudden increase in cases. First, the intensity of nucleic acid detection has been increased, the coverage has been increased, and the detection frequency has been increased, thus more cases have been discovered; The other is that there have been some new punctate outbreaks, such as Photoelectric Valley and JD.COM Logistics Park, and many cases have appeared in a short time. There is no need for the public to worry too much about the rapid increase of confirmed cases in the short term. At this stage, the more you find through nucleic acid testing, the better, which is also the purpose of nucleic acid testing. We have quickly taken control measures for these punctate outbreaks, and with the implementation of containment measures, the epidemic situation will tend to be flat on the whole.

　　In addition, at the epidemic conference held in Xi ‘an on 26th, the person in charge also said that through many rounds of large-scale nucleic acid screening, most hidden cases and community-infected people can be found quickly, which is beneficial to realize early detection, early isolation and early blocking, and minimize the possibility of transmission. This is the dual effect of Xi ‘an’s blockade and large-scale screening. There may be more reported cases in the next few days of nucleic acid screening, reminding citizens and friends not to panic.

　　Strengthen and upgrade prevention and control measures.

　　With the increasing epidemic situation in Xi ‘an, the prevention and control measures have been strengthened and upgraded many times.

　　On December 15th, a press conference was held in Xi ‘an, and relevant departments advised citizens not to leave the city unless necessary. It is proposed that people in medium and high-risk areas and their districts and counties should strictly restrict travel; Personnel from other districts and counties in the city where the medium and high-risk areas are located do not have to travel unless necessary. If they really need to travel, they must hold a negative nucleic acid test certificate within 48 hours. All people from other provinces who return to Xi ‘an need to provide negative proof of nucleic acid test within 48 hours.

　　On December 18th, the control was upgraded. It is clear that all personnel in this city who do not really need to leave the city must hold a negative nucleic acid test certificate within 48 hours. Bar dance halls, sports and fitness, theaters, mahjong halls, script killing, bathing and other indoor entertainment venues are closed. Retail pharmacies suspend the sale (including online sales) of antipyretic, antitussive, antiviral and antibacterial drugs to the public.

　　On the 20th, primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in the city were closed. Citizens need to hold a negative report of nucleic acid test within 48 hours when they go to work.

　　Starting from the 22nd, people who leave Xi ‘an by bus from Xi ‘an Railway Station and Xi ‘an North Railway Station must not only hold the negative certificate of 48-hour nucleic acid test and the green code of one code, government code and itinerary code, but also the personnel of party and government organs and state-owned enterprises and institutions need to leave Xi ‘an with the necessary official letter issued by the unit and the examination and approval procedures of the main person in charge; Other personnel also need to hold an official letter issued by the street office, township and the main person in charge of examination and approval procedures. In addition, the city’s long-distance passenger lines were suspended.

　　From 0: 00 on the 23rd, Xi ‘an officially implemented eleven measures to strengthen prevention and control. In particular, it is mentioned that all communities (villages) and units in the city are required to implement closed management, and the citizens generally live at home. Every family can assign one family member to go out to purchase daily necessities every two days, and other family members generally do not go out except to participate in epidemic prevention and control, get sick and seek medical treatment, and are in urgent need of work.

　　From 0: 00 on the 27th, Xi ‘an further strengthened the city’s epidemic prevention and control measures. Suspended the previous "two-day-one-out" purchase policy. It is required that all residents do not leave home or gather except for participating in nucleic acid sampling as required. Residents in the prevention area can only implement the original purchase regulations after completing a new round of nucleic acid sampling and showing negative results.

　　The epidemic prevention and control headquarters of COVID-19 in Xi ‘an said that after the completion of this round of nucleic acid screening on 27th, the control measures will be adjusted according to the test results.

　　Fully protect the lives of citizens.

　　Since the implementation of the closed management of residential quarters on the 23rd, some citizens in Xi ‘an have been worried about their daily life: Will the price of living materials increase? How to ensure the treatment of daily diseases?

　　Zhang Fenghu, deputy director of the Office of Xi ‘an Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters and deputy secretary-general of the municipal government, previously publicly stated, "We will further improve the monitoring, analysis and early warning mechanism of the’ vegetable basket’ market and price, and closely track and analyze market supply and demand and price changes. Severely crack down on illegal activities such as driving up prices, hoarding, making and selling fake goods in key medical prevention and control materials and daily necessities. Strengthen the visits of people with difficulties in life, and timely include eligible objects in the scope of assistance to ensure basic living. Street communities and units should grasp the medical needs of special people in a timely manner, provide basic health services first, and help those who really need to go out for medical treatment with personal protection. "

　　The Paper noted that in terms of price protection, the Xi ‘an Municipal Market Supervision Administration has investigated and dealt with more than ten illegal incidents, which involved price gouging or unclear pricing. In a supermarket, the price of cabbage increased by 2 yuan per catty within two days, and it was fined 50,000 yuan.

　　For some patients with special diseases, Xi ‘an has also taken corresponding safeguard measures. For example, among the management personnel, patients with chronic renal insufficiency (uremia) need hemodialysis (hemofiltration) urgently. At present, Xi ‘an High-tech Hospital has been designated as the designated hospital for hemodialysis (hemofiltration) of isolated control personnel in the near future.

　　Yang Baoli, the second-level inspector of Shaanxi Provincial Health and Health Commission, said that he would spare no effort to ensure the urgent need for dialysis for patients with chronic renal insufficiency (uremia) in isolation and control areas during the epidemic prevention and control period, so that patients with isolation and control can be treated in time.

　　According to Xi ‘an Daily, Xi ‘an has arranged a number of hospitals, such as the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi ‘an Jiaotong University and the First Hospital of Xi ‘an, to provide online consultation services for citizens to meet their medical needs.

　　In addition, in order to protect the public’s health and life safety, the Xi ‘an Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters decided to carry out a comprehensive disinfection in Xi ‘an from 18: 00 on the 26th.

It seems that the dual-clutch gearbox has always had a bad reputation in the market, saying that it is all kinds of setbacks, and then the low-speed shift is irregular, and there are some design defects and some ghosts. Actually, I agree with you.

Although the dual clutch does bring some uncomfortable experiences at low speed, it also has its own outstanding advantages, such as high shift efficiency and fast shift speed, and makes the power almost seamlessly connected. However, there are also wet and dry types in powershift. Generally speaking, the wet type will be better, because the heat dissipation will be better, and it will not prompt the gearbox to overheat and then start the overheating protection because of a little intense driving …

Because of the special structure system and logical thinking of the dual clutch, it still needs some skills to be "comfortable" when driving a dual clutch vehicle. Let me give the dual clutch a wave of "rehabilitation".

Don’t let the clutch whine

Many owners of dual clutch gearboxes complain that their dual clutches are easily broken, but most of them are caused by improper use. For example, when stopping at a red light, many car owners like to step on the brakes, and then the car stops, just fine. The brakes are not stepped to the end. In fact, this is very burning the clutch plate, which is equivalent to the manual car stepping on the brakes without stepping on the clutch. Originally, the clutch plate was replaced about 80 thousand kilometers, and then the clutch plate of 50 thousand kilometers was GG.

Make more use of neutral position

Many old drivers like to stop and step on the foot brake, which is very irrational and even stupid. N-block is for you to stop for a short time. Others are good to say. If the vehicles in powershift keep stepping on the brakes when parking, the loss of your vehicles will be much greater than others. So it’s always right to park in N gear and be diligent.

Remember to step on the brake to the end.

If you change gears frequently in traffic jam, it will be troublesome, so I will teach you a method, that is, brake to the end, so that the clutch plate will loosen, because the computer has detected that you have to park.

Don’t worry about starting.

Many car owners who drive dual clutch vehicles often report that when they start in D gear, they don’t understand when they step on the accelerator. This is because the clutch plate will have 0.7 seconds to engage in the semi-clutch state after you put it in gear, so the engine will idle before stepping on the accelerator, and the best way is to wait for the idle speed to bring the car up before stepping on the accelerator.

Try to avoid low-speed peristalsis

Many times, when a female driver with dual clutch stops in the basement, the temperature of the gearbox is too high and she needs to stop to dissipate heat because of moving the car for a long time. That’s because the clutch plates are always in a state of semi-linkage. If the friction time is too long, the protection mechanism will be activated. Therefore, when driving a dual-clutch car at a low speed, it must be wretched and don’t wave.

　　Covid-19 is thought to originate from bats, and it is 96.2% similar to RaTG13 (collected by Shi Zhengli, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Yunnan, China in 2013) in nucleotide sequence level. However, it is a kind of novel coronavirus that has not been detected in humans and other animals before, and its appearance has brought many new problems to be solved urgently, including whether other pets, livestock and poultry may be infected by Covid-19 besides humans?

　　On April 8th, local time, the top academic journal Science published the paper "Susceptibility of Ferrets, Cats, Dogs, and Different Domestic Animals to SARS-coronavirus-2" online. The purpose of this study is to find out some questions: Will Covid-19 be transmitted to other animal species, thus becoming a "reservoir" of infection? Covid-19 infection has many clinical manifestations in humans, ranging from mild infection to death, so how is it manifested in other animals? With the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs, which animals can be used to simulate the effects of these drugs or vaccines on humans most accurately?

　　In order to solve these problems, research teams from the State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the National High-level Biosafety Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control evaluated the susceptibility of different model experimental animals, pets and livestock to Covid-19, infected Covid-19 through experiments, observed the clinical manifestations and pathological changes of vaccinated animals and cohabiting animals, and detected the viral load of organs and tissues, the emission of respiratory and intestinal viruses, and the seroconversion of antibodies against Covid-19 in animals.

　　Their research shows that Covid-19 has weak replication ability in dogs, pigs, chickens and ducks, but it can replicate efficiently in ferrets’ upper respiratory tract and cats’ respiratory system and digestive system. Experimental infected cats can spread Covid-19 through the air; Some cats can cause serious illness or even death after infection, and the illness of young cats is obviously more serious than that of older cats.

　　Histopathological observation confirmed that virus infection in cats can cause lung inflammation and intestinal mucosal damage to varying degrees. Immunohistochemical study showed that there were a large number of virus infections in mucosal epithelium and olfactory bulb cells of upper respiratory tract (nasal cavity, maxilla, tonsil), mucous gland epithelial cells of trachea and bronchial mucosa, and intestinal mucosal epithelium.

　　The correspondent of this paper is Chen Hualan, academician of China Academy of Sciences, chief scientist of the innovation team of animal influenza basic and prevention research in Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Bu Zhigao, director of Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and director of the national high-level biosafety laboratory for animal disease prevention and control, and Wu Guizhen, secretary of the Party Committee of Institute of Viral Disease Prevention and Control of China CDC and director of BSL-3 laboratory. Previously, on March 31st, local time, the research team had taken the lead in publishing the research on the preprint platform bioRxiv.

　　It is worth mentioning that the National High-level Biosafety Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Control is one of the existing two P4 laboratories in China, and the other is in Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences. All the experiments of Covid-19 infection in this study were carried out in P4 laboratory, which was approved by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China. Animal research and animal welfare programs were approved by the Animal Experimental Ethics Committee of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

　　According to the press release issued by official website, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, different coronaviruses have been prevalent in mammals and poultry, but most of these coronaviruses are limited to specific species of animals and generally cannot infect humans. Similarly, several common coronaviruses in humans do not infect other animals. However, some coronaviruses from bats, such as SARS and MERS virus, can often infect many animals and humans.

　　At present, Covid-19 is popular among a wide range of people in the world, and the risk of introducing animals in close contact with human beings is increasing. Therefore, it is urgent to study the susceptibility of domestic animals in close contact with human beings to Covid-19, evaluate whether domestic animals are exposed to Covid-19 hazards and become potential intermediate hosts, and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of Covid-19.

　　In addition, in view of the current global epidemic situation of COVID-19, it is very likely that it will evolve into a common infectious disease, and it is urgent to establish a stable and reliable animal infection model to meet the needs of vaccine and drug research and development evaluation.

　　The research team stressed that the monitoring of cat COVID-19 should be regarded as an auxiliary means to eliminate the current Covid-19 epidemic. They called for close monitoring and protection of cats in epidemic areas, avoiding their contact with infectious sources and preventing them from becoming possible transmission hosts or storage hosts.

　　In addition, it was previously questioned that cats infected with COVID-19 were caused by large doses under laboratory conditions. However, in addition to this research, on April 3rd, Academician Jin Meilin, professor of the State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Huazhong Agricultural University, director of the Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Preparations of the Ministry of Agriculture, director of the Research Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and researcher Shi Zhengli, director of the Key Laboratory of Highly Pathogenic Biology and Biosafety of Chinese Academy of Sciences, also published a study on the preprint platform bioRxiv. Through the investigation of cat serum, they found that the serum ELISA test of 102 cats collected after the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan showed that the serum from 15 cats (14.7%) was positive for Covid-19 receptor binding domain (RBD).

　　Nadia, a 4-year-old tiger from Bronx Zoo in new york, USA, was recently diagnosed with Covid-19. On April 5, local time, the US Department of Agriculture issued a statement confirming that a tiger in a zoo in new york was diagnosed with Covid-19, and several other lions and tigers also showed symptoms of respiratory diseases. Officials at the Bronx Zoo in new york said that nadia, three other tigers and three African lions had symptoms of dry cough and loss of appetite, but they are expected to recover. Public health officials believe that these animals were infected by an asymptomatic employee.

　　Covid-19 can be replicated in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets for up to 8 days, but it will not cause serious illness or death.

　　Ferrets are often used as animal models of human respiratory viruses. Therefore, the research team first tested ferrets’ sensitivity to Covid-19.

　　Two Covid-19 strains were used in this study: F13-E from Wuhan South China Seafood Market and CTan-H from a patient infected with Covid-19.

　　The research team inoculated 10 5 PFU (Plaque Forming Unit) F13-E or CTan-H into ferrets through nose respectively, and euthanized them on the 4th day after inoculation (P.I.). The turbinate, soft palate, tonsil, trachea, lung, heart, spleen, kidney, pancreas, small intestine, brain and liver of each ferret were collected, and the viral RNA was determined by qPCR and virus titration.

　　Viral RNA：A in ferrets’ organs or tissues: A, F13-E, B, CTAN-H..

　　The results showed that viral RNA and infectious virus were detected in the turbinate, soft palate and tonsil of all four ferrets, but not in other tissues.

　　C, virus titer in organs or tissues of ferrets inoculated with F13-E, D and CTAN-H.

　　The research team believes that these results show that Covid-19 can replicate in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets, but it has not been detected in other tissues.

　　In order to study the replication dynamics of virus in ferrets, the research team intranasally inoculated 6 ferrets with 10^5pfu of F13-E(3) or CTan-H(3), and then placed them in three isolated cages. On the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th day, ferret nasal wash and rectal swab were collected for virus RNA detection and virus titration. At the same time, their body temperature and COVID-19 signs were monitored for two weeks.

　　Viral RNA in the nasal wash of ferrets inoculated with F13-E(E) and CTan-H(F). Viral titers in the nasal wash of ferrets inoculated with F13-E(G) and CTan-H(H).

　　The results showed that viral RNA was found in the nasal wash of all six ferrets on the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th day. Viral RNA was also found in some rectal swabs, but the copy number was significantly lower than that of nasal wash. Infectious virus was detected in nasal wash of all ferrets, but none of them was found in rectal swab.

　　One ferret in each group developed fever and loss of appetite on the 10th and 12th days respectively. In order to investigate whether these symptoms are caused by virus replication in the lower respiratory tract, the research team euthanized the two ferrets on the 13th day and collected their organs for virus RNA detection.

　　However, except for the ferret turbinate inoculated with CTan-H, the low copy number was detected, and no viral RNA was detected in any other tissues or organs.

　　Pathological studies showed that two ferrets euthanized on the 13th day had severe lymphoplasmacytic vasculitis and vasculitis, the number of type II alveolar cells, macrophages and neutrophils in alveolar septa and alveolar cavities increased, and the lungs had mild bronchiolitis.

　　The asterisk indicates that the animals were euthanized on the 13th day after inoculation, and the other four animals were euthanized on the 20th day.

　　Covid-19 antibody was detected in all ferrets by ELISA and neutralization test, and the antibody titers of two ferrets euthanized on the 13th day were significantly lower than those euthanized on the 20th day.

　　In order to further study whether Covid-19 was replicated in ferrets’ lungs, the research team inoculated 8 ferrets with 10^5 pfu of CTan-H through trachea, and euthanized 2 animals on the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 14th days, respectively, and detected virus RNA in tissues and organs.

　　Among the two ferrets euthanized on the second day and the two ferrets euthanized on the fourth day, the researchers only detected viral RNA； in the turbinate and soft palate of one of them. Among the two ferrets euthanized on the eighth day, viral RNA； was detected in the soft palate of one ferret and in the turbinate, soft palate, tonsil and trachea of the other ferret. No viral RNA was detected in the two ferrets euthanized on the 14th day.

　　These results indicate that Covid-19 can replicate in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets for up to 8 days without causing serious illness or death.

　　At the end of the paper, the research team also mentioned that, comparatively speaking, Covid-19 is different from other influenza viruses that can replicate in the upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract of ferrets, and even human SARS-CoV. Covid-19 is only replicated in ferrets’ nasal bones, soft palate and tonsils. It can also replicate in the digestive tract, but even if the virus is inoculated in the trachea, the virus is still not detected in the lungs of ferrets.

　　Cats are highly susceptible to "cat-to-cat transmission": the monitoring of cat Covid-19 should be regarded as an auxiliary means of epidemic prevention and control.

　　It is worth noting that cats and dogs are in close contact with humans, so the research team thinks that besides laboratory animals like ferrets, it is very important to know the susceptibility of domestic animals that often live with humans to COVID-19 for the control of Covid-19.

　　The research team first studied the replication of Covid-19 in cats. Five 8-month-old subadult domestic cats (inbred lines) were intranasally inoculated with 10^5pfu of CTan-H, and two of them were scheduled to be euthanized on the sixth day to evaluate the virus replication in their organs. Three cats were put in separate cages in the isolator. In order to monitor the spread of respiratory droplets, an uninfected cat was placed in a cage adjacent to each cat vaccinated with the virus.

　　Because 8-month-old cats are aggressive, it is difficult to carry out routine nasal cleaning on them. In order to avoid possible harm, the research team collected the feces of these cats and checked the viral RNA in their organs after euthanasia.

　　Virus RNA was detected in the nasal bone, soft palate and tonsils of two sub-adult domestic cats euthanized on the 6th day, and virus RNA was also detected in the trachea of one cat and the small intestine of the other cat. However, no viral RNA was detected in any lung samples of these two cats.

　　Infectious viruses were detected in the nasal bones, soft palate, tonsils and trachea of these cats, but no infectious viruses were found in the small intestine with positive viral RNA.

　　The spread of Covid-19 among cats.

　　In the study of virus transmission, RNA virus was detected in the feces of two vaccinated cats on the third day, and RNA virus was detected in the feces of all three vaccinated cats on the fifth day. Among the three cats at risk of virus exposure, viral RNA was detected in the feces of one cat on the third day.

　　Virus-infected cats with positive feces were euthanized on the 11th day. Virus RNA was detected in the soft palate and tonsils of the infected cats and in the nasal bones, soft palate, tonsils and trachea of the exposed cats, indicating that respiratory droplets spread between cats.

　　On the 12th day, the research team euthanized the remaining cats. Viral RNA was detected in the tonsils of one virus-infected cat and the nasal bone, soft palate, tonsils and trachea of another virus-infected cat, but it was not detected in any organ or tissue of the two virus-exposed cats.

　　Through ELISA and neutralization test, Covid-19 antibody was detected in all three cats inoculated with virus and one cat exposed to virus.

　　Covid-19 replicates efficiently in respiratory system and digestive system of infected cats, causing pathological damage and inflammatory reaction. Histopathological and immunohistochemical study on cats that died or were euthanized three days after virus infection. (a) The arrangement of nasal mucosa epithelium is disordered, cilia fall off (arrow), and lymphocytes in lamina propria infiltrate (arrow). (b) The tonsil epithelial cells are degenerated and necrotic, and the surface of mucosal epithelium (asterisk) is covered with cell fragments and neutrophils (arrow). (c) Epithelial degeneration and necrosis of tracheal mucosa (arrow), with mucus (asterisk) mixed with a large number of cell fragments on the surface. (d) Epithelial necrosis of tracheal mucous glands and infiltration of lymphocytes (arrow). (e) Normal lung tissue structure of uninfected cats. (f) Aggregation of inflammatory cells in pulmonary blood vessels and coagulation of fibrin (arrow). (g) A large number of macrophages and lymphocytes infiltrated in alveoli, that is, alveolar septa. (h) Infiltration and proliferation of alveoli and alveolar septitis. (i) Some cells in the epithelium of small intestine are degenerated and necrotic, and lymphocytes in the lamina propria are moderately infiltrated (arrow). (j) A large number of epithelial cells of turbinate mucosa were positive for virus antigen (brown). (k) A large number of exfoliated cells in tonsil mucosa epithelium and mucosa surface were positive for virus antigen (brown). (l) A large number of virus antigens were positive (brown) in serous cells of tracheal mucous glands. (m) A large number of small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells were positive for virus antigen (brown). Ruler line A, I = 100 μ m, B-H, J-L = 200 μ m, M = 500 μ m

　　The research team also repeated the above-mentioned replication and transmission research in sub-adult cats in young cats (70-100 days). Histopathological studies on the samples of young cats who died or were euthanized on the third day after being inoculated with the virus showed that the nasal cavity and tracheal mucosa epithelium and lungs of the two cats had a lot of damage.

　　These results indicate that Covid-19 can be effectively replicated in cats, and young cats are more susceptible to infection. More importantly, the virus can spread from cat to cat through respiratory droplets.

　　Next, the research team also studied the replication and spread of Covid-19 in dogs, and the results showed that dogs were less sensitive to Covid-19. Similar studies also show that pigs, chickens and ducks are not sensitive to Covid-19.

　　Overall, the research team found that ferrets and cats are highly sensitive to Covid-19, dogs are less sensitive, and domestic animals including pigs, chickens and ducks are not sensitive to the virus.

　　In addition, it is reported that Covid-19 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as its receptor to enter cells, and ACE2 is mainly expressed in type II lung cells and serous epithelial cells of ferrets’ tracheal-bronchial submucosal glands. Therefore, the research team believes that the potential mechanism to prevent Covid-19 from replicating in ferrets’ lower respiratory tract remains to be studied.

　　The results of this study show that ferrets can be used as animal models for vaccine and drug evaluation in Covid-19. Dogs, pigs, chickens and ducks are not susceptible to Covid-19, which has important guiding significance for the traceability of virus hosts; More importantly, cats are highly susceptible to Covid-19.

　　The research team called for close monitoring and protection of cats in epidemic areas to avoid contact with infectious sources and prevent them from becoming possible transmission hosts or storage hosts. The monitoring of cat COVID-19 should be regarded as an auxiliary means to eliminate the current Covid-19 epidemic.

　　Paper link: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/early/2020/04/07/science.abb7015.full.pdf.

    Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 6th　Question: How do you view China’s price movement? -The second question and answer of China economy in the two sessions.

    Xinhua News Agency reporter Wei Yukun and Wu Yu

    Since last year, China’s price increase has been running at a low level, which has aroused some people’s worries about China’s deflation. How to treat China’s price movement situation? Is China’s economy really in deflation?

    During the two sessions of the National People’s Congress, the reporter interviewed many NPC deputies, Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference members and authoritative experts to analyze this issue and respond to external concerns.

   Does low prices mean deflation?

    Since October last year, the consumer price index (CPI) has been declining year-on-year, and it will drop by 0.8% in January 2024. At the same time, the national producer price index (PPI) continued to decline.

    The low price has caused some worries about whether China’s economy will fall into deflation.

    To judge whether we are caught in deflation, we must first clarify the concept. Generally speaking, in economics, deflation mainly refers to the continuous negative growth of prices and the downward trend of money supply, which is usually accompanied by economic recession. This depends not only on the "shape" of price operation, but also on the "state" of money supply and the "potential" of economic development.

    -Price operation: generally low, maintaining a moderate upward trend.

    According to the government work report submitted for deliberation on the 5th, the consumer price of China residents rose by 0.2% in 2023. This data is in stark contrast to the high inflation in major developed economies.

    Jin Li, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and vice president of south university of science and technology of china, said that last year, the core CPI excluding volatile food and energy prices rose by 0.7% year-on-year, indicating that the supply and demand of industrial consumer goods and service consumption in China were generally stable. The year-on-year decline of PPI also decreased by 5.4% from the highest in June last year to 2.5% in January 2024.

    Since last year, China’s monthly price level has always fluctuated moderately within a reasonable range. In January 2024, CPI rose by 0.3% month-on-month, which has been rising for two consecutive months.

    -Money supply: the total amount is moderate and the rhythm is stable.

    By the end of January 2024, the balance of broad money (M2) in China was 297.63 trillion yuan, up 8.7% year-on-year. Under the background of high base in the same period last year, it maintained a reasonable growth rate.

    The scale of social financing is a comprehensive indicator of financial support for the real economy. In January, the scale of social financing in China increased by 6.5 trillion yuan, 506.1 billion yuan more than the same period of last year.

    -economic development: the overall recovery is improving.

    In 2023, China’s economy generally rebounded, with a GDP growth rate of 5.2%, which was faster than the average growth rate of 4.5% in the three years of the epidemic, and also significantly faster than the economic growth rates of 2.5% in the United States, 0.5% in the euro zone and 1.9% in Japan, making it an important engine of global economic growth.

    Since 2024, China’s manufacturing purchasing managers index, SME development index and other indicators have rebounded from last December. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) recently raised its forecast for China’s economic growth this year and cast a "vote of confidence" for China’s economy.

    "Deflation is often the result of long-term accumulation of structural problems in economic operation. Judging deflation should not only focus on one or two price indicators." Huang Maoxing, deputy to the National People’s Congress and vice president of Fujian Academy of Social Sciences, said that on the whole, there is no deflation in China, let alone deflation spillover, and the so-called "economic deflation in China" is totally a false proposition.

    Not long ago, ING reported that the discussion about deflation in China was exaggerated by the outside world. In January, the overall CPI and core CPI in China both rose month-on-month, reflecting that China has not fallen into a "deflation spiral".

    "We don’t expect an overall deflationary trend in China." Gita Gopinath, First Vice President of IMF, said not long ago.

   What are the reasons for the low price increase?

    Prices are related to economic operation and affect people’s lives. At present, the low price increase in China is the result of multiple factors.

    "After the smooth transition of epidemic prevention and control, domestic production has accelerated recovery, logistics has remained smooth, and product supply is sufficient. However, demand is constrained by factors such as expected instability and income distribution differentiation, and recovery will take some time." Xu Guangjian, vice president of China Price Association, said that the time difference between supply and demand recovery is the main factor for the lower prices.

    Commissioner Jin Li said that in 2022, due to the Ukrainian crisis, food and energy prices were higher, which made the CPI increase in 2023 relatively low. In addition, the price of pork occupies a high weight in China CPI. Due to the abundant supply of live pigs and pork and the sluggish consumption of superimposed pork, the domestic pig price continues to fall, which lowers the CPI increase.

    Input factors also have an impact on China’s prices. After the epidemic, in order to cope with high inflation, major central banks in the United States and Europe quickly and intensively adjusted their monetary policies, and the year-on-year increase of CPI in the United States and Europe has dropped from the previous high of about 10% to the current 3%. "The inflation level in developed economies has fallen faster than expected, which has an impact on the price level in China." Pan Gongsheng, governor of the People’s Bank of China, said.

    Xing Ziqiang, chief economist of Morgan Stanley in China, said that China’s lower prices may have a positive spillover effect on global trade goods prices, which will help alleviate the "sequela" of unconventional stimulus policies adopted by some economies in response to high inflation.

    The experts interviewed agreed that the factors that caused the current low price operation in China are mainly phased, cyclical and seasonal, not trending, and its influence should not be exaggerated.

    This year’s government work report sets the expected target of annual consumer price increase at around 3%. According to the plan report submitted for review on the 5th, the main consideration for setting this goal is to comprehensively analyze the hikes of price changes in 2023 and the new price increase factors in 2024. It is expected that consumer prices will rise moderately in 2024.

    "This expected goal is consistent with last year’s expected goal, in line with the overall trend of domestic price stabilization and recovery, and leaves some room for strengthening macro-policy regulation and deepening price reform." Yu Miaojie, deputy to the National People’s Congress and president of Liaoning University, said.

   How to prevent the risk of deflation?

    Delegates and experts interviewed said that although the low domestic price operation is temporary, we should be alert to and guard against deflation risks, and actively and effectively solve problems such as insufficient effective domestic demand and overcapacity in some industries.

    -Strengthening macro-policy control.

    The government work report pointed out that the liquidity should be kept reasonable and sufficient, and the scale of social financing and money supply should match the expected goals of economic growth and price level.

    "Maintaining a reasonable and sufficient liquidity is an effective measure to prevent deflation risks. This year’s government work has clearly promoted the steady decline of comprehensive social financing costs, which is expected to further stimulate the effective demand of the real economy and enhance residents’ willingness to consume and invest. " Ceng Gang, director of Shanghai Finance and Development Laboratory, said.

    A proactive fiscal policy should moderately increase efforts, improve quality and increase efficiency; A prudent monetary policy should be flexible, moderate, accurate and effective; Incorporate non-economic policies into the consistency assessment of macro-policy orientation … A number of arrangements in this year’s government work report have strengthened policy co-ordination to ensure that efforts are made in the same direction and joint efforts are formed.

    -Promote the formation of a virtuous circle in which consumption and investment promote each other.

    Han Baojiang, a member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and a professor at the Central Party School (National School of Administration), said that at present, the key to preventing deflation risks is to expand domestic demand, release the potential vitality of the super-large-scale market, and enhance the ability and confidence to resist external imported risks.

    When deploying this year’s tasks, the government work report pointed out that the implementation of the strategy of expanding domestic demand should be organically combined with deepening the structural reform on the supply side, so as to better coordinate consumption and investment and enhance the pulling effect on economic growth.

    Optimize the consumption environment, carry out the "consumption promotion year" activity and implement the "rest assured consumption action"; Deepen the cultivation and construction of international consumption center cities; Promote the construction of additional national debt projects with high quality; We will implement a new cooperation mechanism between the government and social capital, and encourage private capital to participate in major project construction … The government work report and the plan report will focus on expanding domestic demand this year.

    "With the implementation of a series of policies to expand domestic demand, giving full play to the key role of investment in optimizing the supply structure and promoting the upgrading of domestic consumption structure, the domestic economic cycle will be further smooth." Qu Yongyi, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and secretary of the Party Committee of the Institute of Industrial Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said.

    Ayhan Gauss, deputy chief economist and director of the forecasting bureau of the World Bank, said that a series of policies adopted by China at present are very correct, which can boost consumer confidence and consumption in the short term, and enhance the long-term economic growth potential through firm reforms.

　　China Securities Network News (Wang Luo) started from the printing industry. Lingyun Guang has been deeply involved in the industrial machine vision industry for 20 years, and has expanded its applications to consumer electronics, new displays, new energy and other fields. Head enterprises in industries such as Apple, Huawei, Xiaomi, Foxconn, BOE and () are all important customers of Lingyun Guang.

　　On June 15th, Ling Yunguang (stock code: 688400) officially launched the inquiry offering, and will soon land in science and technology innovation board. The science and technology innovation board listing, Lingyun Guang plans to raise 1.5 billion yuan, and the fundraising direction is centered on the company’s vision planning. From industrial manufacturing to industrial intelligent manufacturing, machine vision is promising. The company will increase investment in technology research and development, continuously improve its platform-based capabilities, empower intelligent manufacturing, and help more industries achieve automation and intelligent development. The company’s development vision is to implant "eyes" and "brains" into machines and become a global leader in the fields of visual artificial intelligence and photoelectric information.

　　From agency to self-research, mastering the underlying core technology

　　According to the prospectus, Ling Yunguang was established in 2002, and started from the banknote printing industry, and carried out independent research and development through projects such as online detection of RMB gravure printing and large sheet detection; On the other hand, the agency business of foreign high-end visual devices is carried out. Since 2006, the company has successively entered the fields of printing and packaging, new display and consumer electronics, and further improved its independent research and development capabilities. At present, it has the research and development capabilities of advanced imaging, intelligent algorithms, intelligent software and automatic precision control, and independently developed core devices such as industrial cameras and light sources, which are applied to many industries.

　　The domestic machine vision started in the late 1990s. When Ling Yunguang entered this field 20 years ago, the domestic development and application were basically blank. The company started from scratch and gradually embarked on the road of independent research and development in the field of machine vision.

　　Ling Yunguang attached great importance to self-research of core technologies at the early stage of business development. During the period from 2002 to 2006, the company initially built a 100-person team with independent research and development capabilities of optical, mechanical, electrical, computing and software technologies, and started the research and development of independent software algorithms of VisionWARE. The technical accumulation in this period has created an insurmountable moat for the company’s competitors in a short period of time. Now the machine VisionWARE algorithm platform independently developed by the company has been iterated to version 5.0. Ling Yunguang is the first machine vision manufacturer in China to launch a purely independent bottom-level core algorithm library. The investment cycle of the bottom-level algorithm is quite long. It takes a lot of time and experience to optimize the core algorithm from the bottom, which makes it ahead of competitors in the same industry for about three to five years.

　　In addition, Ling Yunguang’s AI algorithm development based on deep learning, machine learning and knowledge map has also been at the forefront of the industry, forming an independent F.Brain intelligent algorithm platform, supporting factory-side and edge intelligence through edge computing, and supporting factory cloud intelligence through big data cloud computing technology. From the application point of view, the machine vision +AI technology is deeply combined to support industrial scenes.

　　It is understood that the algorithm library of the machine vision industry consists of open source vision algorithm libraries such as OpenCV, and third-party commercial payment algorithm libraries such as Vision Pro (cognex, USA), Halcon (German MVTec) and VisionWare (Ling Yunguang). Due to the long development cycle and large investment of algorithm library, companies in the industry usually develop their own application algorithms based on open source algorithm library, or independently develop and integrate with third parties, and few companies develop the underlying algorithms completely independently.

　　In addition to algorithms, Lingyun Guang has always been at the forefront of optical imaging technology, and has independently developed a series of visual core devices such as smart cameras and high-brightness special light sources. It has more than 70 patents in the optical field, and many solutions are the first to benchmark international and domestic machine vision friends, creating a brighter industrial "eye" competitiveness. At the same time, by investing in domestic CMOS sensor design company Changguang Chenxin and industrial lens professional company Hunan Changdao Optoelectronics, we will optimize the allocation of core resources and lay out the localization and autonomy of core technologies.

　　Form platform capability from system to equipment

　　After all, the banknote printing industry belongs to a special industry. After 2006, Ling Yunguang gradually expanded its business to printing and packaging, display screens, consumer electronics and other industries, and further integrated its research and development capabilities into platform-based capabilities of products and technologies, thus effectively supporting the company to achieve cross-industry development. In addition, the company began to expand its automation capability in 2016, and it took three years to gradually build automatic control technologies such as automatic assembly line and multi-axis precision manipulator.

　　Up to now, Lingyun Guang has four technical platforms, including advanced imaging, intelligent algorithm, intelligent software and intelligent automation, and comprehensive overall scheme design capability. It has 418 domestic patents and 208 software copyrights, which supports the company’s rapid expansion of downstream industries from printing to other fields, such as consumer electronics and new energy, and is also a technical base to support the company’s continuous leap-forward development in the future.

　　According to Ling Yunguang’s prospectus, up to now, the company has developed diversified intelligent visual equipment and innovative process solutions based on independent research and development of visual algorithms and AI algorithms for new display, consumer electronics, printing and packaging, new energy and other fields. Specific to the display field, the new display intelligent vision equipment products provided by Ling Yunguang can realize automatic and semi-automatic optical detection of small screen defects in TFT-LCD/OLED, covering the Cell process section and module process section, and support lighting detection when the screen is powered on and appearance detection when it is not powered on. The detection efficiency of the LCD lighting quality detector provided by it is more than 3 times that of manual work, which solves the problem of 2% low contrast stain defect detection, approaches the limit of human eyes, realizes high dynamic range detection, and has been popularized and applied in hundreds of sets in the industry.

　　Entering Apple’s industrial chain is a key milestone for Ling Yunguang, and it is also the inevitable result of technical capacity building. Five years ago, the company broke the situation that the high-end market of consumer electronic vision inspection was monopolized by foreign manufacturers such as cognex and Kearns for a long time, and became the Preferred Supplier in the field of machine vision certified by Apple, and began to provide configurable vision systems in batches.

　　"Hand", "Eye" and "Brain" cooperate to empower intelligent industrial production.

　　If configurable vision system products, such as machine vision algorithm platform developed by Ling Yunguang, can equip industrial machines with eyes and brains, then intelligent vision equipment is to implant muscles and limbs controlled by brains into the machines, thus realizing the precise control and execution of detection and production technology, and finally forming an intelligent production robot with the cooperation of hands, eyes and brains.

　　As the largest manufacturing country in the world, the penetration rate of domestic machine vision application is low, and there is still much room for growth, especially the aging population and the increase in labor costs, which also bring great demand to the machine vision industry.

　　From the demand of downstream customers, the epidemic situation in COVID-19 is complicated in recent years. Instead of reducing the budget for technology investment, downstream manufacturers have been further forced by the epidemic to strengthen their investment in industrial automation, digitalization and intelligence, and the cost reduction effect is very remarkable. In the future, the demand of downstream manufacturers for automation and intelligence is rigid and inevitable.

　　China market has become one of the fastest growing markets in the global machine vision market. According to the statistics of China Machine Vision Industry Alliance, the sales of machine vision industry in China increased from 10.18 billion yuan in 2018 to 14.42 billion yuan in 2020, with a compound growth rate of 19.02%. Thanks to the promotion of manufacturing automation and other factors, it is estimated that the sales of machine vision industry in China will increase at a compound growth rate of 27.15% from 2020 to 2023, and the sales will reach 29.6 billion yuan by 2023.

　　Under such opportunities, Lingyun Guang will continue to promote technological innovation in advanced optical imaging, software and algorithms, automation and other fields, and actively explore new application fields of industrial machine vision. At present, Ling Yunguang’s machine vision +AI products and services have achieved a high market share in consumer electronics, display panels, printing and packaging applications. According to the statistics of China Machine Vision Industry Alliance, in 2020, among the enterprises participating in the statistics (enterprises within the alliance), Lingyun Guang ranked first in the sales of machine vision industry in China.

　　According to the disclosure in the prospectus, the company is expanding its business to the field of new energy battery diaphragm detection, and has cooperated with customers such as Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited. Focusing on the field of industrial manufacturing for 20 years, Lingyun Guang is expected to become the leader of industrial artificial intelligence, truly helping factories to improve quality, increase efficiency, reduce costs and reduce storage.

(Observer Network News/Lv Dong Editor/Yin Zhe)

On the evening of November 12th, vvild Xiao Ye officially issued a statement saying that it had completely stopped all self-operated sales on the Internet.

VVI ILD Xiao Ye said that Xiao Ye Science and Technology supported the relevant requirements of the State Administration of Markets and the State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau, and has taken the initiative to close online sales channels such as Tmall and JD.COM, deleted all online marketing content related to sales, and urged all non-self-operated social channels to stop online sales immediately.

VVI ILD Xiao Ye also said that it has strictly regulated the sales behavior of dealers when it goes online, and it is absolutely not allowed to recommend or sell e-cigarette products to minors.

Observer. com noticed on Tmall and JD.COM that keywords such as "Xiao Ye vvild" can no longer be searched.

Tmall screenshot

JD.COM screenshot

The following is the original statement of vvild Xiao Ye:

According to Xiao Ye official website, vvild, Xiao Ye is affiliated to Shenzhen Xiao Ye Technology Co., Ltd., and the founding team of Xiao Ye is from well-known brands such as Huawei and Hammer Technology. The team has rich experience in the design, production, marketing and sales of electronic consumer goods.

It is worth mentioning that at about 16: 00 on November 1 this year, the State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau and the State Administration of Market Supervision issued the Notice on Further Protecting Minors from E-cigarettes.

The notice pointed out that in order to further strengthen the protection of minors’ physical and mental health and prevent minors from buying and smoking e-cigarettes through the Internet, from the date of issuance of this notice,urgeE-cigarette production and sales enterprises or individuals timely close the e-cigarette Internet sales website or client;urgeThe e-commerce platform closes the e-cigarette shop in time and removes the e-cigarette products in time;urgeEnterprises or individuals producing and selling electronic cigarettes withdraw electronic cigarette advertisements published through the Internet.

Just about 20 minutes before the official announcement of the above notice, Luo Yonghao, the founder of Hammer Technology, just forwarded the news that "vvild Xiao Ye disposable atomized electronic cigarette" will be officially launched in Tmall and JD.COM on November 11th.

It is understood that e-cigarette is a "re-entrepreneurship" project of Luo Yonghao after he left the Nut mobile phone team. Just when the outside world thought that he would stick to making mobile phones, Luo Yonghao stepped down as the legal representative and chairman of Beijing Hammer Digital Technology Co., Ltd. in December 2018 and turned to enter the e-cigarette industry.

Screenshot from Weibo, Luo Yonghao

This article is an exclusive manuscript of Observer. It cannot be reproduced without authorization.