作者： admin

Players from both sides fought for it in the game.

After nearly two years of dominating English football, Liverpool and klopp have suffered the biggest crisis so far.

After losing 0-1 to Burnley in the league, Liverpool lost 2-3 to arch-rival Manchester United in the "Double Red Club" in the early morning of 25th, and missed the fifth round of the FA Cup.

In Asian football, South Korean star Sun Xingyu, who plays for Tottenham Hotspur, was elected as the best overseas player in Asia in 2020. In this selection, no player from China made the list.

In the 78th minute, B Fei scored a fatal blow with a free kick.

B cost a fatal blow, Manchester United eliminated Liverpool in the FA Cup.

In the early morning of 25th, the fourth round of the FA Cup in 2020-2021 was a focus battle. Manchester United played against Liverpool at Old Trafford. Although Salah scored twice, it still could not prevent Liverpool from being eliminated by Manchester United 3-2.

The two sides had a confrontation in the league a week ago, when they played 0-0, which meant that Manchester United had been unbeaten in five games against Liverpool, creating the longest unbeaten record since 2002.

It is worth mentioning that Liverpool’s memory at Old Trafford is not good either-the last time they won the "Double Red Club" was in March 2014, and after klopp coached Liverpool, he was 4 draws and 1 loss at Manchester United, and the winning percentage was zero.

In the 18th minute, Salah took the lead, and then Manchester United relied on Greenwood and Rachford to win two cities in a row. In the 58th minute, Salah scored the second goal, which brought the two sides back to the same starting line. In the 78th minute, B took a free kick to complete the fatal blow.

After the game, Liverpool manager klopp was very depressed.

According to the data, Manchester United controlled the ball 41% better than Liverpool 59%, shot 14-14, and shot right 6-6 … It can be seen that the scenes of the two sides were neck and neck, but Manchester United finally seized the opportunity.

This victory is of great significance to Manchester United. Apart from eliminating Liverpool, Manchester United also won the first victory against the "BIG6" team this season, which is also the first time Ole Gunnar Solskjaer has defeated Liverpool in various competitions since he took over Manchester United.

In contrast, Liverpool was in a bad situation. The league lost to Burnley 0-1, and the FA Cup was planted at Manchester United’s feet. It lost two games in three days-the FA Cup trip ended ahead of schedule, and it also fell behind the leader Manchester United by as much as 6 points.

Sun Xingyu is currently ranked second in the Premier League scorer list.

Sun Xingyu won the best overseas player of AFC.

On the 24th, the AFC officially announced that Sun Xingyu, a South Korean player who plays for Tottenham Hotspur, was elected as the best overseas player in Asia in 2020.

This is the fourth time that Sun Xingyu has won this honor, and it is also a successful re-election after 2019. China players were not selected.

The best overseas player of AFC is to recognize the performance of Asian male players registered in professional clubs outside AFC in clubs and national teams. Before this award, Sun Xingyu was already the winner of the best international player in the three Asian Football Associations, in 2015, 2017 and 2019 respectively.

In addition to winning the AFC Best Overseas Player Award, Sun Xingyu also won the Best Player of Tottenham last season and the 2020 Korean Footballer of the Year in 2020, and became the second Asian player to win the FIFA Republika Srpska Award.

In a year, Koreans scored 22 goals for Tottenham in various competitions, which can be described as the absolute "thigh" of the team.

In 2021, Sun Xingyu is still in a hot state in Tottenham. Just as Tottenham beat Sheffield United 3-1 in the Premier League in the last round, Koreans kicked a corner to assist hollier to score.

After harvesting assists, Sun Xingyi has directly participated in 100 goals in the Premier League, including 65 goals and 35 assists. He is also the first Asian player to achieve this achievement.

C Ronaldo didn’t get much support from his teammates in this game.

Juventus won Serie A 2-0 and Cristiano Ronaldo contributed assists.

On the evening of 24th, Juventus beat Bologna 2-0 in Serie A, and Cristiano Ronaldo sent an assist, but it was difficult for the Portuguese to be satisfied with their teammates in the whole game.

In the 15th minute, Cristiano Ronaldo assisted Artur to take the lead, and he looked in good shape. Later, cuadrado recklessly chose to hit the door twice when Cristiano Ronaldo ran out of the vacancy, which made him fall into the embarrassment of "running with him".

Especially in the 32nd minute, after cuadrado entered the restricted area, he was surrounded by three defenders, but he turned a blind eye to Cristiano Ronaldo, who was in a better position and was unmarked …

Seeing that his teammates didn’t want to pass the ball, Cristiano Ronaldo simply instigated the attack himself-in the 74th minute, Cristiano Ronaldo took the ball on the left side of the penalty area, and after facing two defenders, he made a sharp cross and gave it to mckenney, who was unguarded in the penalty area. The latter was less than two meters away from the goal, but he kicked it strangely.

In a relatively easy game, it is a pity that Cristiano Ronaldo failed to continue to expand his advantage in the top scorer list.

Fortunately, this round of AC Milan lost and Inter Milan drew, and Juventus caught up with the leader in the standings. At present, it is 7 points behind the leader AC Milan with one game less.

After the game, Cristiano Ronaldo also INS said: "Very important victory! We are on the right track and keep it up! "

Abraham (second from left) performed a hat trick.

Werner missed and Chelsea advanced 3-1 in the FA Cup.

On the evening of 24th, Chelsea beat Luton 3-1 at home in the FA Cup and advanced to the last 16. Abraham scored a hat trick in this game, while Werner was saved from a penalty.

There is no doubt that this game belongs to Abraham’s personal show. In the first half, he kicked twice on the top of his head. Although Luton pulled back a goal by Clark, in the second half, Abraham pushed and shot in the penalty area to seal the victory.

According to OPTA statistics, the last Chelsea player who scored a hat trick in the FA Cup was the 2016 Oscar (currently playing for Shanghai Super League); The last English player to wear a hat in the FA Cup was the current coach of Abraham-Lampard (January 2007).

While Abraham was performing to his heart’s content, Werner was somewhat disappointed-the German striker created a penalty in the 85th minute, but he personally took the penalty and was bravely saved by Sluga.

In terms of scoring after the game, Abraham who scored a hat trick scored a game-high 9.6 points, while Werner who missed the penalty only scored 6.1 points.

This victory has not lifted the crisis of Chelsea coach Lampard’s coaching position. According to British media, Chelsea executives have made contact with former Paris Saint-Germain coach tuchel; In addition, the famous Italian coach allegri is also a potential candidate.

According to the voting statistics of local media in London, only 29% of the fans choose to support Lampard to stay in office, while the remaining 71% all think that Lampard should be dismissed immediately.

West Thermal River completely dominated the game.

West Thermal Power River recorded 10 three points and 13 assists, and the director reversed.

On the evening of 24th, in the match between Jilin and Tongxi in CBA, Tongxi team once fell behind by as much as 20 points, but Xire Lijiang hit 10 three-pointers and scored 34 points, which saved the day by his own efforts. In the end, Tongxi defeated Jilin with a 125-122 reversal and won two consecutive victories.

At the beginning of the game, Tongxi team obviously didn’t adapt to the strength of Jilin team. By the second quarter, it was 20 points behind 37-57. At the crucial moment, the West Thermal River broke out in time and hit 3-pointers four times. Although Tongxi was still 13 points behind Jilin at the end of half-time, it kept the suspense of the game.

In the second half, Xi Rejiang continued to show off, hitting 3 points frequently and sending out assists. In the last minute and 50 seconds of the game, the two teams tied at 117, and Xi Re hit a three-pointer to let Tongxi lead again. Four seconds before the end, Xi Re, who was sent to the free throw line, hit two free throws to let Tongxi hold a three-pointer lead.

In this campaign, Xi Rejiang scored 34 points, 4 rebounds and 13 assists, including 10 of 19 3-pointers, which tied the record of 3-pointers hit by active local players in a single game.

In the last round of competition, Xire Lijiang also hit 7 3 points, which surpassed Mengda and rose to the fifth place in the three-point list of CBA history. This season, West Thermal Power River has hit a total of 112 three-pointers, ranking first in the league.

Air crash site.

There was another air crash in Brazil, and four players of the lower-level team were killed.

On November 29th, 2016, Sharpe Corns Club in Brazil suffered an air crash. As a result of the plane crash, 71 of the 77 people on board died, including 19 players. Today, Brazilian football has once again staged a tragedy of air crash.

On the 24th local time, a small plane crashed in Tocantins, killing six people on board. Among these six people, one is a pilot and the other five are from the low-level team Palmas.

These five people are President Mera, goalkeeper Ranule, left-back Prak Soders, central defender Guilherme and midfielder Molinari.

According to the original plan, Palmas, the five people, will take this small plane to go to Iania to take part in the war with villanova. After the air crash, villanova Club announced that it agreed to postpone the match that was supposed to start on Monday.

The cause of the air crash in Palmas is still under investigation, and major Brazilian football clubs have also issued statements to express their condolences to Palmas Club.

Original Joshua Sokol Jizhi Club

introduction

"It’s hard to extinguish the lights when the rain blows, and the wind blows more brightly. If you fly up, it will be a moon star. " A poem "Ode to Fireflies" by Li Bai shows his infinite reverie of comparing fireflies to starlight. When it comes to fireflies, we may think of the starlight in the shade on a summer night, or the shimmer among the quiet treetops. Have you ever been curious about this kind of creature that gleams slightly? What are the mechanisms and laws behind their flashing? Recently, Orit Peleg, a computational biologist from the University of Colorado, and his team independently developed a high-precision 360-degree camera and triangulation method, which clearly recorded the flash data of different firefly species scattered everywhere. Through these data, Peleg discovered the mystery of synchronous flashing of fireflies of specific species, and also recorded the strange synchronous state that is rare in nature.

Research areas: synchronization, self-organization, group behavior, emergence.

Joshua Sokol | Author

Niu xiaojie | translator

Deng Yixue | Editor

1. Synchronous flashing fireflies

In Japanese folk tradition, fireflies symbolize the departed soul or silent and surging love; In some indigenous cultures in the Andes of Peru, it is regarded as the eye of the ghost; In all kinds of western cultures, fireflies and other luminous insects have been associated with dazzling metaphors, and even these metaphors are contradictory: childhood, crops, bad luck, elves, fear, pastoral, love, luck, death, fornication, summer solstice, stars, words (Stefan Ineichen, 2016) …

Physicists pay attention to fireflies for the same mysterious reason: records show that among more than 2,200 firefly species scattered around the world, a few have the ability to blink synchronously. In Malaysia and Thailand, mangroves covered with fireflies will flash with the beat like Christmas lights; Every summer in Appalachia, fields and forests will be rippling with fluorescent waves that look a little gloomy. In addition to attracting fireflies’ spouses and a large number of viewers, this fluorescent performance show also inspired human beings’ initial attempt to explain the phenomenon of synchronization-that is, the alchemy of magical synergy from very simple elements. In ancient Europe, fireflies were once called "alchemists" because they could shine: perhaps they didn’t really turn other metals into gold, but they did create light strangely. )

Orit Peleg remembers her first encounter with fireflies. It was in the textbook of Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos (written by mathematician Steven Strogatz) that she used, and fireflies appeared as one of the examples of "how to synchronize simple systems". At that time, Peleg had never even seen fireflies, which were not common in her hometown of Israel.

"It’s so beautiful that I can’t forget it even after many years." But when Peleg tried to apply computational methods to biological research at the University of Colorado and Santa Fe Institute, she found that although fireflies inspired many mathematical studies, there were few quantitative data describing the actual actions of insects.

Orit Peleg (left), a computational biologist at the University of Colorado, and Raphaël Sarfati, a postdoctoral fellow in her laboratory, have developed a complex system for capturing high-resolution data about firefly flashes in the wild. | Source: Glenn Asakawa

So she began to solve the problem. In the past two years, a series of papers in Peleg laboratory have collected synchronous data of multiple firefly species in multiple locations, and the clarity is much higher than that of previous biologists. Bard Ermentrout, a mathematical biologist at the University of Pittsburgh, described these research results as "quite surprising"; "I was shocked," said Andrew Moiseff, a biologist at the University of Connecticut.

The paper shows that the real firefly group behavior is not as idealized as in periodicals and textbooks for decades. For example, almost all models of firefly synchronization assume that each firefly has its own "metronome". However, the preprint released by Peleg Lab in March this year shows that not all fireflies have their own metronomes. For fireflies without metronome, the collective beat will only appear when many fireflies gather (Sarfati, R. et al., 2022). In addition, Peleg also recorded a rare type of synchronization [1], which mathematicians call "chimera state". In reality, unless it is a well-designed experiment, this type of synchronization is almost never observed in the natural state (Bansal, K. et al.).

Biologists hope to find new ways to reshape the science of fireflies and call for their protection. At the same time, when mathematicians try to construct synchronization theory similar to that in Steven Strogatz’s textbook, there is not much feedback from synchronous creatures such as fireflies to get real data. "This is a big breakthrough," said Strogatz, a professor of mathematics at Cornell University. "Now we can start trying to get through the obstacles between biologists and mathematicians about fireflies."

2. Synchronization evidence that is difficult to capture

For centuries, the record of firefly synchronization in Southeast Asia has gradually penetrated into the western scientific context. In Malaysia, fireflies called kelip-kelip (flashing onomatopoeia) can live in groups in trees by the river. In 1857, a British diplomat who was traveling in Thailand wrote: "They echo each other, and the light flashes and goes out. In an instant, every leaf and branch was decorated with a diamond-like fire. " （Gudger, E. W., 1919）。

Not everyone can agree with these records. In 1917, in a letter to Science magazine, someone objected: "It is against the laws of nature that such a phenomenon occurs in insects." He believes that this seemingly obvious synchronization effect is caused by the viewer’s involuntary blinking. However, in 1960s, this fact, which had long been known by local people in mangrove swamps, was confirmed by firefly researchers through quantitative analysis.

The firefly of Photinus carolinus species is one of the few known species that flash synchronously. This photo of fireflies is composed of several 30-second shutter exposure photos. | photography: Jason Gambone

A similar scene was staged in the 1990s, when Lynn Faust, a naturalist in Tennessee, read the confident assertion of Jon Copeland, a scientist, that "there are no synchronized fireflies in North America". Faust knew at that time that what he had observed in the nearby Woods for decades was remarkable.

Faust invited Copeland and Moiseff (collaborators) to see a species called Photinus carolinus (P. carolinus) in the Great Smoky Mountains. Male fireflies are filled with forests and open spaces, suspended at a height similar to that of human beings. These fireflies are not intensive cooperative flashes, but give off a quick flash in a few seconds, then keep quiet for several times this time, and then make the next quick flash. Imagine a similar scene in which a group of paparazzi are waiting for a star to appear. They just take a series of photos quickly every time a star appears, and then fiddle with their fingers in their spare time.

Copeland and Moiseff’s research shows that a single P. carolinus firefly does try to flash with fireflies or LED lights in a nearby jar. The team also placed high-sensitivity cameras on the edge of surrounding fields and forest clearing to record flashes. Copeland looked at the video frame by frame and calculated the number of fireflies shining at each moment. The statistical results show that the fireflies in the field of view of the camera do flash at regular and interrelated time intervals.

Twenty years later, Peleg and her postdoctoral physicist Raphaël Sarfati had better technology to collect firefly data. They designed an image capture system consisting of two GoPro cameras separated by several feet. These cameras can shoot 360-degree videos, so they can capture the dynamics of fireflies from the inside rather than just from the side. The method of calculating firefly flash is no longer frame by frame by hand, but an algorithm developed by Sarfati-recording the flash time and three-dimensional spatial position by triangulation of firefly flash.

In June 2019, Sarfati brought this capture system into the field for the first time in Tennessee to find P. carolinus fireflies. Before that, he had imagined a dense picture similar to the synchronized flashing of fireflies in Asia, but the scene in Tennessee was even more chaotic. This was the first time he saw this scene with his own eyes-there were as many as 8 rapid flashes in about 4 seconds, repeated every 12 seconds. But this chaos is exciting. As a physicist, Sarfati thinks that a highly fluctuating system is more informative than an orderly system. He said: "It’s complicated, even chaotic, but very beautiful."

3. Random and echoing flashes

When Peleg studied firefly synchronization in college, she first understood this phenomenon through the Kuramoto model established by Japanese physicist Yoshiki Kuramoto based on the early work of theoretical biologist Art Winfree. It is the originator of explaining the mathematical mechanism of synchronization phenomenon, and it can be used to describe the synchronization phenomenon in both human cardiac pacing cells and alternating current.

In general, the synchronization system model needs to describe two processes. One is the dynamics of isolated individuals. That is, if there is only one lonely firefly in the jar, how does its own physiological structure and behavior rules determine its flash? The other is what mathematicians call coupling, that is, how the flash of one firefly affects the flash behavior of other fireflies adjacent to it. With the ingenious combination of these two processes, the noise from different fireflies can be quickly adjusted into a neat chorus.

Yoshiki Kuramoto, a professor of physics at Kyoto University, established the most famous synchronization model in 1970s, and jointly discovered chimera state in 2001. | Source: Tomoaki Sukezane

In the Tibetan model, each firefly is regarded as a vibrator with an inherent preference for rhythm. Imagine: there is a hidden pendulum in the firefly that swings steadily, and the firefly flashes every time the pendulum sweeps its arc bottom. Suppose it will move its pendulum forward or backward a little after seeing the flash of a nearby firefly. Even if fireflies are unsynchronized at first, or their preferred internal rhythms are different, in this model, the last group tends to converge on a coordinated flashing pattern.

Over the years, there have been several variants of this model, and each variant has adjusted the rules of internal dynamics and coupling process. In 1990, Strogatz and his colleague Rennie Mirollo at Boston College proved that if a group of simple firefly-like oscillators are related to each other, they will almost always synchronize regardless of the number. In the second year, Barderment Trout described the process of synchronization of Pteroptyx malaccae firefly population in Southeast Asia by accelerating or slowing down the internal oscillation frequency. Just in 2018, the research team of Gonzalo Marcelo Ramírez-Ávila of San Andreas University designed a more complicated mechanism: fireflies switch back and forth between "charging" and "discharging" States, and they will flash during the process.

However, when Peleg and Sarfati’s cameras started capturing 3D data from Photinus carolinus fireflies in 2019, their analysis revealed a new pattern.

One of them is to confirm what Faust and other firefly biologists have mentioned for a long time: a bunch of flashes often start in one place and then cascade and spread in the forest at a speed of half a meter per second. This contagious ripple shows that the coupling of fireflies is neither global (the whole group is related) nor purely local (each firefly only cares about its neighbors). On the contrary, fireflies seem to pay attention to other fireflies at different distances. Sarfati said that this may be because fireflies can only see flashes that occur in a continuous line of sight, while in forests, vegetation often blocks their sight.

P. carolinus fireflies do not seem to meet the core premise of the Tibetan model: unlike Southeast Asian fireflies, P. carolinus fireflies in Tennessee do not have such a cycle. When Peleg and Sarfati put a P. carolinus firefly in the tent, it flashed randomly and didn’t follow any beat. "Sometimes it flashes after waiting for a few seconds, and sometimes it waits for a few minutes," Strogatz said. "This is beyond the scope of existing models."

However, once the research team put in more than 15 P. carolinus fireflies, the swarm in the whole tent showed a collective flash with an interval of several tens of seconds. This synchronization and periodicity is only the result of firefly aggregation. In order to find out how this happened, Peleg’s team asked physicists Srividya Iyer-Biswas from Purdue University and Santa Fe Institute. Soon, Kunaal Joshi, a doctoral student at Iyer-Biswas, analyzed the data they collected on the spot and developed a new periodic emergence model. The detailed paper has been uploaded to the preprint (Sarfati, R., 2022).

Topic: Emergency Periodicity in the Collective Synchronous Flashing of Fireflies.

Address: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.03.09.483608v1.

Imagine a lonely firefly flashing and following the rules: if it is sealed now, it will wait for a random time interval and then flash again. However, fireflies need to "charge" their light organs, so there is a shortest waiting time (recovery period). It is also easily influenced by its peers: if it sees another firefly flashing, it will flash immediately as long as its physical conditions permit.

Merrill Sherman/ cartography, translated by Niu Xiaojie/.

If there is a large firefly in the silent darkness now, it will be followed by a flash. Each firefly randomly chose a waiting time longer than the recovery period. However, whoever flashes first will inspire all other fireflies to flash immediately. Every time the environment gets dark, the whole process repeats itself. With the increase in the number of fireflies, at least one firefly will randomly choose to flash again when the body allows, which will trigger other fireflies to flash. Therefore, the time between two flashes will be shortened to the recovery period. Researchers who carefully observe this scene will see a stable group rhythm: that is, from flash to darkness, and then suddenly flash from darkness.

Peleg’s second preprint found another peculiar pattern (Sarfati, R., & Peleg, O. ,2022). In Congari National Park, South Carolina, when her team used equipment to record the synchronization of fireflies of Photuris frontalis species, Peleg noticed some strange phenomena: "I caught a small firefly out of time, but it was still punctual."

Topic: chimera States among synchronous fireflies

Address: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.12.491720v2.

The analysis shows that although most firefly "choirs" are flashing rhythmically, the stubborn outliers refuse to cooperate. These outliers are in the same space, flashing according to their own cycle, which is not commensurate with the rhythm of the surrounding "symphony". Sometimes, these outliers seem to be synchronized; Sometimes they just blink randomly, regardless of each other. Peleg’s research group described this as a chimera state, which is a form of synchronization. It was first pointed out by Kuramoto and his postdoctoral fellow Dorjsuren Battogtokh in 2001 (Kuramoto, Y., & Battogtokh, D., 2002), and analyzed by Strogatz and Northwestern University mathematician Daniel Abrams in a mathematical idealized form in 2004. Some neuroscientists’ research shows that this strange synchronization state in brain cell activity has been seen under some experimental conditions, but other than that, it has not been observed in nature so far (Bansal, K., et al., 2019).

The earliest study on chimera state

Thesis title: Coexistence of coherence and inheritance in non-locally coupled phase oscillators.

Address: https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0210694.

At present, it is not clear why nature prefers this "hodgepodge" synchronization to the unified synchronization form. However, this basic synchronization phenomenon also constitutes an evolutionary mystery: how does this aggregation help male individuals stand out from potential spouses? Peleg thinks that we should not only study the behavior patterns of male fireflies, but also pay attention to female fireflies. Her research team has begun to study the firefly P. carolinus, but has not studied the species P. frontalis which is prone to chimera state.

4. Fireflies and Computer Science

For the model, it is now necessary to encapsulate the observed firefly patterns in a new or improved framework. Ermentrout’s paper, which is still under review, provides a unique mathematical description of Photinus carolinus fireflies: suppose these insects are noisy and irregular oscillators instead of waiting for purely random time beyond the minimum recovery time required? In this way, fireflies may flash periodically only when they gather. In computer simulation, this model is also consistent with Peleg’s data. Ermentrout said: "Although we didn’t write it out in a program, there were still fluctuations and so on."

Biologists say that Peleg and Sarfati’s cost-effective camera and algorithm system are very helpful to promote firefly research and make it popular. Fireflies are difficult to study in the wild, because it is difficult for the public to distinguish species by their flashes except the most dedicated researchers and hardcore enthusiasts. Therefore, although people are worried that many firefly species are becoming extinct, it is still relatively difficult to measure the range and abundance of firefly population. Peleg’s work can make it easier to collect, analyze and share firefly flash data.

In 2021, Sarfati used this system to confirm a report from Arizona: local Photinus knulli firefly species can synchronize when the aggregation number is enough. This year, Peleg Lab sent 10 copies of camera images to firefly researchers all over the United States. In order to promote species protection, machine learning researchers in Peleg Lab are trying to develop an algorithm to identify firefly species from video flash patterns.

Fireflies have inspired the development of mathematical theory for decades; Peleg hopes that these more subtle truths discovered now will have a similar impact. Moiseff has the same wish. He said that fireflies "were already doing computer science before we humans appeared." Understanding their synchronization mechanism can help us better grasp the self-organizing behavior of other organisms.

references

[1] link: https://www.quantamazine.org/physicists-discover-exotic-patterns-of-synchronization-20190404/

[2] Stefan Ineichen (2016). Light into Darkness: The Significance of Glowworms and Fireflies in Western Culture. Advances in Zoology and Botany, 4(4), 54 – 58. DOI: 10.13189/azb.2016.040402.

[3] Sarfati, R., Joshi, K., Martin, O., Hayes, J., Iyer-Biswas, S., & Peleg, O. (2022). Emergent periodicity in the collective synchronous flashing of fireflies. bioRxiv.2022.03.09.483608, doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.09.483608

[4] Sarfati, R., & Peleg, O. (2022). Chimera States among Synchronous Fireflies. bioRxiv 2022.05.12.491720; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.05.12.491720

[5] Bansal, K., Garcia, J. O., Tompson, S. H., Verstynen, T., Vettel, J. M., & Muldoon, S. F. (2019). Cognitive chimera states in human brain networks. Science Advances, 5(4), eaau8535.

[6] Gudger, E. W. (1919). A Historical Note on the Synchronous Flashing of Fireflies. Science, 50(1286), 188–190. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1643069

[7] Kuramoto, Y., & Battogtokh, D. (2002). Coexistence of Coherence and Incoherence in Nonlocally Coupled Phase Oscillators. Nonlinear Phenomena in Complex Systems, 5(4), 380-385.

This article is translated from Quanta Magazine.

Title of the article: How How Do Fireflies Flash in Sync? Studies Suggest a New Answer

Article link: https://www.quantamazine.org/how-do-fireworks-flash-in-sync-studies-suggest-a-new-answer-20220920/

Latest papers on complex science

Since the express column of papers in the top journals of Chi Zhi Ban Tu was launched, it has continuously collected the latest papers from top journals such as Nature and Science, and tracked the frontier progress in complex systems, network science, computational social science and other fields. Now the subscription function is officially launched, and the paper information is pushed through the WeChat service number "Chi Zhi Ban Tu" every week.

Original title: "Synchronous flicker of fireflies: how to emerge order in randomness?" 》

　　Hunan Daily, July 12th (all-media reporter Chen Angang) From July 8th to 12th, Mao Wanchun, chairman of Hunan Provincial Political Consultative Conference, went deep into the counties and cities of Changde City to conduct comprehensive research.

　　HunanPan Biling, vice chairman of CPPCC, participated in relevant research.

　　In Dingcheng District Rural Revitalization Studio of CPPCC members, Taoyuan County CPPCC Propaganda, Culture and Health System Studio and Tianjin Municipal CPPCC Yi Hu Bai Ying Studio, Mao Wanchun learned in detail about the innovative exploration of the operation mechanism and the development of key performance activities of the members’ studios. He pointed out that the members’ studios in the province should adhere to the principle of taking members as the main body, and the performance of duties should be carried out in a simple way that can be replicated and promoted to maximize the performance of duties. It is necessary to organize and guide the majority of members to rely on the platform carrier of the members’ studio, focus on the main business, base themselves on the actual work, give full play to their expertise advantages and sectoral characteristics, and vigorously and orderly carry out the democratic supervision work of "improving the ecological environment".

　　"A good ecological environment is the most inclusive welfare of people’s livelihood." Mao Wanchun said that CPPCC organizations at all levels in Hunan Province and CPPCC members should thoroughly implement the ecological civilization thought of the supreme leader, firmly establish and practice the concept of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", serve the overall situation around the center, regard the democratic supervision of "improving the ecological environment" as a key performance content of Hunan CPPCC this year and in the next few years, deepen the construction of CPPCC studios and make full use of platforms such as CPPCC Cloud and CPPCC Studio. Continue to promote the democratic supervision and evaluation mechanism of "improving the ecological environment" of the CPPCC, help Hunan to have bluer sky, clearer water and cleaner land, and contribute to the CPPCC’s efforts to accelerate the realization of the beautiful blueprint of "three highs and four innovations".

　　In CommScope Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Hunan Anfu Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Mao Wanchun inspected the production, operation and technological innovation of enterprises. He encouraged CommScope to continue to take root in Hanshou, improve the upstream and downstream industrial chains, and make greater contributions to county economic development. Anfu Environmental Protection deeply practices the concept of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", adheres to the new development concept, conforms to the development reality of Hunan, and hopes that enterprises will become stronger, better and bigger. The CPPCC will continue to support and promote the development of private economy.

　　During the investigation, Mao Wanchun visited Lin Boqu’s former residence memorial hall and life exhibition hall, and inspected Jian Bozan’s former residence, Ding Ling’s former residence and Shimen No.1 Middle School.

　　() The Record Form of Investor Relations Activities was released on February 28th, and the company was investigated by 79 institutions on February 28th, 2023. The types of institutions are insurance companies, others, fund companies, overseas institutions, securities companies and sunshine private equity institutions.

　　The main contents of investor relations activities are introduced:

　　Dear investors and friends, today I mainly share three aspects:

　　The first aspect is the document "Overall Layout Planning of Digital China Construction" issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council yesterday. Let’s explain our concerns to you. The core of our understanding is the four numbers "2522". What is "2522"? The first "2" refers to consolidating the "two foundations" of digital infrastructure and data resource system. The second "5" refers to the deep integration of digital technology with the "five in one" of economic, political, cultural, social and ecological civilization construction.

　　The third "2" is to strengthen the "two capabilities" of digital technology innovation system and digital security barrier. The last "2" is to optimize the domestic and international "two environments" for digital development. So to sum up, the whole construction layout plan is interpreted according to "2522".

　　Digital infrastructure has been talked about for many years. Frankly speaking, with the rapid development of hardware technology today, the infrastructure construction in China’s e-government construction is not the most serious bottleneck, and even some parts have technical redundancy.

　　As for the corresponding data resource system, we think there may be more problems. Last year, the transaction in the data element market mentioned in the Guide to the Construction of National Integrated Government Big Data System issued by the General Office of the State Council also has a great relationship with the construction of the data resource system. Ali, Tencent, Didi, Meituan and other fully market-oriented companies with the background of the Internet have made full and effective use of data to generate a lot of economic value. For government departments that also have a large amount of data, there is still a very large development space to realize the production, operation and transaction of data resources, which is also our great concern.

　　Secondly, digital technology is deeply integrated with economic, political, cultural, social and ecological civilization. We believe that it is the largest part of the whole digital China construction in the future development. As for how to deeply integrate digital and economy, digital and governance, digital government has accumulated enough experience for many years, and we think there is still a very large market space in this part.

　　In terms of two major capabilities, in the past five years, many application systems of Digital Politics have completed the adaptation and application with domestic databases, domestic operating systems, domestic middleware and domestic security software. At present, more than 30% of projects have completed domestic substitution, but the operating efficiency based on domestic platforms varies, and there is still room for improvement in the future.

　　The last part, the international and domestic environment, also has a certain relationship with us. Our country should make digital construction, and also take into account the development trend of the world. As far as the development trend of technology is concerned, ChatGPT, which is hot recently, and similar technologies or models in the future will continue to learn from the international community, so that domestic and international development can be coordinated.

　　Therefore, from my point of view, to understand and interpret the whole construction planning layout of digital China, I think the most important opportunities come from two aspects: one is the construction of data resource system, that is, the pricing and trading links of future data element assets, and the other is how to deeply integrate digital with economy and digital with governance. We think the market space of these two is the largest.

　　The second aspect is about the future development of the company itself. No matter how good the policy is, if you can’t make something yourself, it can only be a castle in the air. Many industries are telling stories, and our computer industry also hopes to cash the stories one by one like photovoltaic and new energy industries to generate real large-scale income and profits. Like all the companies in the city, we have also experienced the test of the epidemic in the past three years. This year, everyone rolled up their sleeves and prepared to recover the lost three years. So what are our opportunities for Zhengtong this year? First, on the basis of the customer base and technology accumulated by the company in the past 20 years, we will continue to grasp our product advantages and market competitiveness, and continue to do our key advantage projects bigger and better. This year, we will seize the opportunity and strive to develop in the fields of unified management of one network, urban brain and urban operation center mentioned in the planning and layout. Second, we explored with governments all over the country last year, and deeply integrated with the local economy with the digital model, which is also a new model and new exploration of digital economy construction. Last year, we also issued a number of announcements for related projects in succession, and this year we will continue to make this matter bigger. In 2021, the company signed a large-scale project with a gross profit of more than 10 million yuan, but we have doubled the growth last year. This year, we have the opportunity to double or even more, and we will resolutely seize the favorable market environment to continue to expand large-scale high-quality projects. Third, for Zhengtong, our other related businesses, such as the construction of urban underground pipelines in new infrastructure,We also have a very good market competitive advantage in this respect. Zhengtong should seize the favorable opportunity this year to strive for more projects to be implemented in the whole country. The scale of these projects is generally larger than our pure software projects, which can bring rapid income increase to the company and have a very important impact on the company’s profits. In addition, the company also has many arrangements and layouts in new businesses such as autonomous driving, deep integration of virtual reality technology and e-government scenes. We hope that we can not only take into account the needs of current customers, but also effectively distinguish ourselves from competitors in the industry, constantly strengthen and establish our competitive advantage, and let us stand out in the process of building e-government and digital China in China.

　　Thirdly, on the basis of the above, for Zhengtong, this year we will combine the national documents and policies to take our company’s performance to a new and higher level. After the epidemic ended, our sales front-line personnel immediately began to spread to all parts of the country to carry out their work. Judging from the market situation in the first two months, there are many opportunities this year. We are also seriously studying how to overcome some adverse effects, such as the financial constraints of local governments, the implementation of plans, and the requirements of new documents issued, in order to help our customers keep up with the situation as soon as possible and release relevant construction projects as soon as possible this year, so that the company can achieve better business performance this year. This is also our key concern this year.

　　For Digital Zhengtong, as a company that has been listed for more than ten years, the most important goal this year is to continue to achieve high-speed growth in performance. As a computer industry company, we hope to become a target that investors can value according to the value investment system and deserve to hold for a long time.

　　Question and answer session

　　Q: One item in the overall layout plan involves the assessment of local governments. Considering the practical problems involved in the business development of the whole digital government, what is the difference between this document and the previous documents?

　　A: In the past 20 years, I have only three impressions of things that have been said in the central documents to be included in the assessment of leading cadres. For the first time, GDP was included in the KPI assessment, which promoted the golden decade of real estate. The second time, people’s happiness index was included in KPI, which was mainly reflected in food safety and Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, so related industries such as new energy, environmental protection and consumer goods also developed. This time, the number China is included in KPI, which is of course a great benefit to our whole industry. Two things that all localities are most concerned about, one is the scope of assessment, and the other is the supporting funds from the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance to governments at all levels. This is very beneficial to the development of the whole industry, because it means that local governments at all levels should incorporate relevant system construction into the important work content of the desk in their future work. There is no doubt that for Zhengtong, it is a shot in the arm, which will help us to better carry out project cooperation with customers.

　　Q: Can you tell us something about the company’s business in the unified management of one network according to the current situation?

　　A: China has been building e-government for 30 or 40 years. Today, under the circumstance of numerous e-government systems, our country has put forward a new layout plan, mainly to build a city-based integrated e-government platform. We can call it a platform system for comprehensive urban management or a comprehensive digital base, and now the main component or gripper is the platform of unified management of one network mentioned in the past two years. Governments at all levels should integrate the original, isolated and decentralized powers so that they can better meet the new governance needs. Integration and integration must be the general trend.

　　The one-network unified management solution provided by digital government communication is a brand-new generation of e-government system that best meets or meets the needs of all localities. At present, many departments, such as urban management, municipal administration, sanitation, public security, transportation, food and drug supervision and grass-roots law enforcement, can be brought into a unified management system, so as to realize the gradual integration of an urban e-government system.

　　Just now, I also mentioned the integration of data elements. If there is no unified management of one network, it is difficult to have data elements without linkage of data of various departments. Traditionally, every government department has its own set of data system, and many data are conflicting and contradictory. The necessary condition for establishing an effective data element market with commercial value is to get through the data in different e-government systems through one network. Therefore, I want to emphasize that, first, relying on the unified management project of one network that is still being established and improved, according to the previous system construction situation in various places, we will continue to practice and explore to form a new system that is grounded in the same system and mechanism. Second, the application areas are different from provincial to municipal to county level. Now we are in a stage of establishing some demonstration systems according to their respective conditions, and then constantly increasing the content, so as to integrate a set of models that can be popularized and copied to the whole country.

　　The content and management process of one network unified management model are still in a stage of continuous development in the whole industry. Digital Zhengtong entered this field earlier with the help of our original grid advantages, and can jointly explore specific practices with industry giants including Huawei and Ali, and constantly improve the landing ability of products and solutions.

　　We believe that the market space of unified management of one network is very large, and it is also the trend and trend of development in various places, and it will become just needed in the future. Now there are also great opportunities in the industry. Zhengtong hopes to stand out in this field and become the strongest competitor in the market, just like doing digital urban management in the past. We are now in a favorable position, so how to seize the opportunity to make this business bigger and stronger in the next step is exactly what we should focus on.

　　Q: What is the current business development of SPAR platform?

　　A: Last year, we released the version 2.O of SPAR platform. The biggest upgrade based on the version 1.0 is to combine the digital twin technology with the urban information model platforms around the world more closely. That is to say, our SPAR 2.0 platform can be used as the basic platform of a city CIM platform, which is a great progress. After the platform was released last year, the response and demand from customers all over the world were very strong, and the company also seized the market opportunity and applied new products and technologies in new projects in time. It can be expected that this year we will have many new projects combining digital twins and urban CIM platform, which is actually one of the exhibitions of unified management of one network. When the SPAR platform was released last year, it also showed the technology of virtual reality AR glasses. This year, we hope to make a real landing scene. By using the array optical waveguide technology, the large screen of the command center is combined with the law enforcement site through AR glasses, and the remote complex information of the command center is directly projected to the administrative law enforcement site, thus realizing more efficient and richer law enforcement means. These are the real needs of customers and the inevitable trend of industrial technology development. Finally, thank you for your attention. The computer industry will never lack themes and concepts, but we hope that every label of Zhengtong will eventually become a large-scale income and profit. I hope everyone will look at the development of digital government communication from the perspective of value investment, and we are willing to share the achievements of the company’s development with you;

　　Beijing Digital Zhengtong Technology Co., Ltd. is an enterprise engaged in software research and development and sales. The company is mainly engaged in the development and sales of professional smart city application software, and provides technical support and follow-up services, providing e-government solutions integrating GIS, MIS and OA for government departments, and providing collaborative work platforms among government departments based on data sharing. The company is one of the few professional e-government solution providers focusing on digital city management and land and resources management in China, and occupies a considerable market share in the fields of digital city management and land and resources management.

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