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Over the years, the continuous exploration of drilling technology and geological problems in Tarim Oilfield is gradually unveiling the "cornucopia" of Tarim.

Exploration of Tarim Oilfield

2809 words in total | Suggested reading time is 5 minutes.

Text | wood

Recently, a news of the discovery of a 100-million-ton oil and gas field in Tarim Basin has frequently been screened in the oil circle, which has become one of the few exciting good news since the beginning of 2020.

From November 17, 1988, Lunnan 2 well spewed out a high-yield oil gas stream, and now a large oil and gas field with an output of nearly 30 million tons has been built. The development of Tarim Oilfield for more than 30 years is a history of hard work, and it is also a history of tackling countless unknowns, problems and technologies.

As oil and gas are buried deeper and deeper, it is more and more difficult to explore and develop. Today, Tarim Oilfield has entered an era of deep oil and gas attack.

The picture of Lunnan 2 well comes from Guanwei of Tarim Oilfield.

01

Exploring deep oil and gas

Many years ago, a group of world-class oil and gas experts came to Tarim with confidence.

But they all shook their heads in the face of the complicated geological structure in Tarim Basin. They have never seen such a world problem, and there is no way to solve it.

How difficult is it to exploit oil and gas from the largest inland basin in the northwest of China?

Geologically, the Tarim Basin has experienced eight stages of structural deformation, including "overall extrusion, layered deformation, vertical superposition and linkage progression". This kind of geology is like "being broken by people and stepping on several feet", and all kinds of underground strata are completely disrupted, so a complete geological zone can not be found at all.

For petroleum geology, only when the theoretical support of oil and gas is discovered in geology can oil and gas fields be played out, so the difficulty can be imagined.

In addition, the buried depth of oil and gas reservoirs in Tarim basin is generally between 6000 meters and 10 thousand meters, and conventional drilling technology can’t "drill wells" at all.

At the same time, there are three sets of complex and difficult-to-drill strata, namely, high-steep and extremely thick gravel layer, compound salt-gypsum layer and strongly abrasive fractured reservoir, which leads to the very slow drilling speed of conventional drilling technology.

In addition, ultra-deep wells are bound to encounter complex conditions such as high temperature and high pressure, and poor control will bring a series of problems and even great losses.

There is a difficult road ahead of Tarim oil and gas development, but the most dangerous places often have the most beautiful scenery, and the distribution of oil and gas resources is no exception.

The data show that there are 10.15 billion tons of oil and gas resources in the Tarim Basin at a depth of 6,000-10,000 meters, and the reserves are extremely amazing.

After more than 30 years of development, the shallow geological conditions of Tarim Oilfield have been found out, and the deep geological conditions over 6000 meters are basically understood, but what is the geology of the ultra-deep, that is, the rich oil and gas fields buried below 8000 meters?

As described by the technical researchers in Tarim Oilfield, "The bride is sitting there, waiting for them to unveil the veil. "

02

Overcome world-class problems

In order to overcome many extreme problems such as ultra-deep, ultra-high pressure and high temperature, Tarim Oilfield has carried out a number of technical breakthroughs, innovated the safe isolation technology of ultra-deep complex pressure system, invented three sets of rapid drilling technologies for complex and difficult-to-drill formations, and created downhole integrity technology in extreme environments.

Among them, the innovative safe isolation technology of ultra-deep complex pressure system in the oil field has constructed a series of non-standard wellbore structures that meet the buried depth, number of layers and creep strength of different salt layers, and solved the major problem of safe isolation of multiple sets of ultra-deep composite salt layers.

With the help of this technology, Tarim Oilfield has drilled the deepest well on land in Asia-Luntan 1 well, and achieved a major exploration discovery.

On January 19, 2020, the risk exploration well located in Kuqa City, Xinjiang was rotated to explore Well 1. After acid fracturing test, the daily output of crude oil was 133.46 cubic meters and natural gas was 48,700 cubic meters.

The drilling depth of this well is 8882 meters, which is equivalent to a "Everest" in the ground, creating seven records, including the deepest well and the deepest oil-producing gas well on land in Asia.

This not only marks a major breakthrough in ultra-deep exploration under CAMBRIAN salt in Tarim Basin, but also confirms that primary reservoirs and high-quality reservoir-cap assemblages are still developed in the 8200m deep strata in Tarim Basin, and also represents that Tarim’s drilling technology level has successfully ranked among the international leaders.

On July 19th, 2019, Well Luntan 1 took 361 days to drill to 8882 meters, becoming the new "king of deep wells" on land in Asia, indicating that Tarim’s drilling technology has been at the international leading level.

In recent years, Tarim Oilfield has made a great breakthrough in the field of ultra-deep well drilling, represented by Luntan 1 well. At present, it has a drilling capacity of 10,000 meters, with over 110 deep and ultra-deep wells drilling 6,000 meters every year, accounting for more than half of ultra-deep wells drilling in China.

"Tarim drilling technology has been at the forefront of the world, and high-density oil-based drilling fluid and fine pressure control are in the leading position in the world, which can be applied to the exploration and development of onshore oil and gas reservoirs such as Willis Basin and Texas." Even Halliburton, the top international oil service company, expressed its approval.

03

Deep technological breakthrough, helping oil and gas discovery

At the same time, the breakthrough in key technologies of "deep" drilling and completion has also promoted the rapid discovery of multiple oil and gas reservoirs.

In recent years, more than ten large oil and gas reservoirs, such as Keshen 9, Zhongqiu 1 and Bozi 9, have been discovered in Tarim Oilfield at a depth of more than 6000 meters, which has brought the oilfield into a harvest explosion period.

Among them, in December 2018, well Mid-Autumn 1, located in the middle of Qiu Li Tage structural belt in Kuqa depression, Xinjiang, was successfully well tested, and high-yield industrial gas flow was obtained, which indicates that there will be hundreds of billions of condensate gas reservoirs in this area.

In October, 2019, Bozi 9 well located at the foot of South Tianshan Mountain harvested high-yield oil and gas flow, which indicates that Tarim Oilfield has harvested Bozi 9 gas field.

The natural gas reserves in this gas field exceed 100 billion cubic meters, further consolidating the reserve scale of Bozi-Dabei trillion cubic meters atmospheric area.

In April, 2020, Well Manshen-1, whose buried depth is close to 8000m, made a major breakthrough. This well confirmed that the whole northern Tarim-Tazhong oilfield is contiguous with oil, adding 228 million tons of oil resources, which laid a foundation for accelerating the construction of a large oil and gas area of 10 million tons.

Up to now, three trillion cubic meters of oil and gas areas have been discovered in the Kuqa depression in Tarim Oilfield, among which the large oil and gas areas from Keshen to Kela trillion cubic meters have been implemented; Bozi to Dabei oil and gas area-the second trillion cubic meters oil and gas area, is being consolidated; Qiu Li Tage, the third trillion cubic meters oil and gas area, is being cultivated.

With the continuous breakthrough of technology, at present, Tarim Oilfield has gradually formed an increasingly clear exploration and development plan:

Among them, in the exploration, we mainly focus on three major areas: Kuqa New Area, piedmont of southwest Tarim and deep carbonate rocks in platform basin, and speed up the search for strategic replacement areas.

In terms of development, we will focus on the construction of two base areas, Kuqa natural gas and Tabei-Tazhong crude oil, and build a 30 billion cubic meter atmospheric area in Kuqa and a 10 million ton large oil and gas area in Taipan.

All these have undoubtedly laid a solid reserve resource foundation for the west-to-east gas transmission and national energy security.

On September 17th, 1998, Kela 2 well spewed out high-yield oil gas flow, and Kela 2 gas field was born, which contributed to the start of the symbolic project of western development in China-West-East gas transmission.

As one of the main gas sources of West-to-East gas transmission, Tarim Oilfield undertakes the task of supplying gas to 15 provinces and cities, more than 120 large and medium-sized cities with a population of about 400 million and more than 3,000 enterprises in East China and North China. This is a great energy project and a great legacy for future generations.

04

Climb! yield

According to the latest round of resource evaluation, the total amount of proven oil and gas resources in Tarim Basin exceeds 17.8 billion tons, of which oil exceeds 9 billion tons and natural gas exceeds 9 trillion cubic meters, accounting for about 1/6 and 1/4 of the national oil and gas reserves respectively.

Correspondingly, as of 2019, the proven rate of oil and gas in the basin is only 14.6%, and the exploration prospect is very broad.

Massive resources have been prepared, and the next step is to unveil the basin.

In fact, with the breakthrough of ultra-deep well drilling technology, the output of Tarim Oilfield has been rising since its construction.

From the production of 33,900 tons of oil and gas equivalent in 1989 to the breakthrough of 5.48 million tons in 2001, it took Tarim Oilfield 12 years to reach the stage of 5 million tons.

Subsequently, the oil field output increased significantly, reaching 10 million tons, 15 million tons and 20 million tons in four years, one year and two years respectively.

Since the oil and gas production reached 25 million tons in 2017, after three years, Tarim Oilfield is expected to climb to a new peak of 30 million tons in 2020.

Output in Important Years in Tarim Oilfield

In 2019, Tarim Oilfield made the strategic goal of "winning 30 million, breaking through 35 million and aiming at 40 million", that is, 30 million tons of large oil and gas fields will be built as scheduled in 2020, and the oil and gas production will exceed 35 million tons ahead of schedule during the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, and reach more than 40 million tons before 2030.

A thriving development prospect is becoming clearer and clearer.

In fact, only from the recent production situation of the oilfield, the upward trend is also extremely obvious.

It is reported that in the first quarter of this year, Tarim Oilfield completed a cumulative oil and gas output of 7.91 million tons, an increase of 568,000 tons over the same period of last year. According to this development speed, it is just around the corner to achieve the goal of 30 million tons.

Although the Tarim Basin has always been regarded as one of the most difficult areas for oil and gas exploration and development in the world, with the tenacity and exploration of generations of oil people, the veil of this "cornucopia" will finally be unveiled.

Note: Some contents are from Tarim Oilfield.

Original title: "Challenge the deep oil and gas forbidden zone! This oilfield has solved a world-class problem.

"I hope that young people in Hong Kong will visit and exchange more in the Mainland and have a deeper understanding of the country."

Chen Zhuoxi, member of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and president of Hong Kong Professional Continuing Education School (hereinafter referred to as "Hong Kong College"), told The Paper (www.thepaper.cn).

Chen Zhuoxi graduated from the Chinese University of Hong Kong and worked in tvbi. Later, he joined the education sector as the principal of the Hong Kong College.

Chen Zhuoxi, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Port Area.

At the end of 2017, Hong Kong College held a graduation ceremony, and two graduates were asked to leave the scene because they failed to abide by the school rule of "Standing when playing the national anthem". As the principal, Chen Zhuoxi had an open dialogue with the students who came to the scene outside. He told the students: "As a patriotic school that loves Hong Kong, Hong Kong College must hold high the patriotic flag. There is no room for compromise, even in colonial times. If you don’t even know this, you have chosen the wrong school. "

His speech with such a clear stand sparked heated discussion, so he was also called "patriotic president" and "president who protects the national anthem".

On January 24, 2018, he was elected as a member of the 13th National Committee of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. As an educator in Hong Kong, Chen Zhuoxi hopes that young people in Hong Kong can seize the opportunity and determine their future development direction.

Recently, The Paper interviewed Chen Zhuoxi and asked him to talk about the present and future of education in Hong Kong.

Putting national education into the assessment of further education in Hong Kong

The Paper: What are your main proposals for the National People’s Congress this year?

Chen Zhuoxi:I have a proposal on the theme of getting rid of poverty through education, and developing national education for young people in Hong Kong. Many young people in Hong Kong like to go abroad for a "Working Holiday". I think we can use similar methods to get young people in Hong Kong to participate in education in the Mainland to get rid of poverty. China has reached the last year of poverty alleviation this year, but it is still necessary to prevent it from returning to poverty. Although absolute poverty will be solved, there is still a problem of relative poverty in social development. How to solve the problem of relative poverty through education may be a good direction.

The Paper: How to involve Hong Kong youth?

Chen Zhuoxi:We want some interested young people from Hong Kong to take part in relevant work in the Mainland, even for half a year or a year. In addition, some primary and secondary schools in Hong Kong have already twinned with the mainland. If the twinning of sister schools is transferred to poor areas, teachers, students and parents of primary and secondary schools in Hong Kong will be organized to help primary and secondary schools in poor areas in the mainland in whatever way they can, and parents of Hong Kong students will be organized to visit and exchange in the mainland. In addition, sister schools in Hong Kong and the Mainland can also work together to get rid of poverty through education, so that everyone can participate in education to get rid of poverty.

The Paper: In your opinion, is this year’s NPC and CPPCC different from the past?

Chen Zhuoxi:The biggest difference this time is the epidemic situation. I think everyone really feels the whole process of epidemic prevention management. We have made great achievements in epidemic prevention, but the epidemic situation still affects the arrangement of the two national conferences this year, and each meeting is not long. In addition, as a member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Port Area, I feel that there is another difference: the Hong Kong issue has become a very important topic for the two sessions of the National People’s Congress. This will have a great impact on Sino-US relations, the world situation and the local situation in Hong Kong. We should also make psychological preparations and work preparations to cope with changes in the external environment.

The Paper: As an educator, do you think there is a problem with national identity education in Hong Kong?

Chen Zhuoxi:Education in Hong Kong is divided into two kinds of education: narrow sense and broad sense. Education in a narrow sense mainly refers to the education system in Hong Kong, while education in a broad sense refers to the growth environment of young people in Hong Kong. At present, the growth environment of young people in Hong Kong is not good. Their information and thinking are controlled by rumors and fake news of social media, ethnic groups are torn apart, and hatred is antagonistic, which is not conducive to the healthy growth of young people in Hong Kong.

The Paper: How do you think this situation should be changed?

Chen Zhuoxi:There are many problems in education, and a general plan is needed. I think Hong Kong may have to carry out education reform. For example, courses such as China history and national education should be changed in the curriculum of Hong Kong students. Not only that, but also the requirements of college students should be adjusted to achieve interlocking. After all, entrance examination is a baton, and only examination can effectively implement and influence the curriculum arrangement. If the entrance examination system does not change, the overall change will not be easy.

The Paper: How can we make such an education system effective?

Chen Zhuoxi:Hong Kong’s education management departments should play a role, especially in management. It is very important that both primary and secondary schools and universities should act against abnormal violations. I believe that with the changes in the general environment and the implementation of these tasks, the situation in Hong Kong should change, but it cannot be completely changed for a while.

Young people in Hong Kong are still more concerned about further studies and employment.

The Paper: What do you think of young people in Hong Kong?

Chen Zhuoxi:Although there was a storm of amending laws in Hong Kong last year, I think that, on the whole, the vast majority of young people in Hong Kong are not the situation presented by the media. Most of them are not interested in politics, but are more concerned about future issues such as further studies and employment, including their own immediate interests. At present, their attention and attitude are only affected by the environment in stages. After all, the social situation has had a great impact on them. As long as the situation cools down, I believe they will gradually return to their own future, further studies and employment.

The Paper: Hong Kong College is a private school with clear patriotic views. Is it difficult to survive in the current environment of Hong Kong?

Chen Zhuoxi:Our school’s popularity and influence in Hong Kong society is still relatively small, including some teachers. Because of their different political positions, they do not recommend or even oppose students to study in Hong Kong, which makes our enrollment more difficult. We are the only private patriotic university in Hong Kong, which was suppressed before the reunification. Therefore, we are congenitally deficient and cannot be compared with public schools in terms of equipment and school conditions.

The Paper: Has the situation improved in the past two years?

Chen Zhuoxi:Because the situation of congenital deficiency before the reunification has not been well reversed, and the education authorities in Hong Kong adopt the theory of market competition for private schools, usually the government will give you more support if you do very well, so the distance between us and public schools is getting wider and wider.

The Paper: How does your school establish a normal teaching order?

Chen Zhuoxi:At present, students are taking classes online at home, so the school situation is still very calm. Last year, when there was a storm of amending laws, although some students took to the streets, there were very few students, which had no impact on the overall situation of our school. We also made rules with teachers. We hope that teachers and other colleagues and staff will take students’ fundamental interests and care for them, and will not encourage students to commit any illegal acts, let alone take part in dangerous actions, including if students want to hold activities and put up slogans in the school, and we will also guide them to express their opinions within the framework of certain rules and systems. As a school, it is natural for students to have different positions and views on things, but we still hope that they have a certain order.

The Paper: How do you usually guide them?

Chen Zhuoxi:I hope students can’t just say simple slogans, but speak their positions accurately. I also organized some students to meet with me, encouraging them to master the ins and outs of the problem and learn to think independently, so as to put forward a level of opinion. Although they haven’t fully accepted my opinion, and even some students with different positions find it hard to accept it for a while, I think it is necessary to have a dialogue to let everyone know each other’s positions.

The Paper: Do you have any other ways to improve students’ communication and understanding of the Mainland?

Chen Zhuoxi:We attach great importance to students’ deep understanding of the mainland, and often organize students to exchange internships in the mainland, not only for visits, but also for in-depth communication, especially for making friends. This is a sustained and long-term relationship, which requires two-way communication. Our students visit a school in the mainland, and teachers and students from this mainland school will also come to Hong Kong for exchanges, including students from both places visiting each other’s families and eating. This is a deep interpersonal communication. We are designing a business start-up plan for Greater Bay Area, so that students can participate in internships and start-ups in the Mainland, and face young people in Hong Kong in the form of rehabilitation, so that they can go from perceptual knowledge to careful experience, and finally rise to theoretical knowledge. In any case, we hope to explore more experiences and models and finally promote them in Hong Kong.

　　Digital watermarking technology will usher in national standards. A few days ago, the National Network Security Standardization Technical Committee publicly solicited opinions on the national standard "Information Security Technology Digital Watermarking Technology Implementation Guide" (hereinafter referred to as the standard). The standard defines the technical framework of digital watermarking, and the watermark needs to be embedded in the watermark carrier (such as images, videos, documents, etc.); Clarify the function of digital watermarking technology; Clarify the realization process of digital watermarking; Suggestions on the selection of watermarking algorithm, the use of typical watermarking scenes and the evaluation method of watermarking function are also given.

　　Recently, Qi Chen, founder of WeShop and chairman of Mushroom Street, mentioned in an exclusive interview with national business daily that AIGC technology has been applied to the commercial auction market, and there are problems in industry standards and norms of AI commercial auction at present. After the establishment of subsequent industry standards and norms, the company will continue to study and follow up.

　　In 2023, as the founder of WeShop, Qi Chen joined the AI Application Working Group of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. After many ups and downs in the Internet technology market, he knows that the high-growth technology industry often goes through the stage of immaturity to chaos, and then to maturity.

　　In 2023, AIGC technology set off a new wave of innovation and entrepreneurship in the domestic Internet technology industry. Qi Chen felt that AIGC technology was like a hammer, and only by finding a nail that he was good at could he nail down one side of the space. From graphic e-commerce to live e-commerce, Mushroom Street gives people more awareness of the platform of To C. This time, unlike in the past, he aimed at the B-end market and launched WeShop’s AI commercial shooting platform.

　　How big is the commercial space for AI commercial shooting? National business daily (hereinafter referred to as NBD) reporter chatted with Qi Chen.

　　AI commercial auction lacks standards and specifications.

　　NBD: As an e-commerce user, I found on some e-commerce websites in China that some merchants have used AI commercial auction to display and sell goods. If you don’t pay attention, you may not be aware of the use of AI technology, but I saw that the feedback from users in the comment area is AI commercial auction. What do you think of the current application of this technology?

　　Qi Chen: The point you mentioned actually fed back several questions: First, the current AI commercial auction technology is still in the development period, and there is still room for continuous improvement; Secondly, it also involves issues of industry norms and legislation. WeShop is very cautious in this respect. For example, last year, we were actively applying for the filing of the national AI algorithm. At the beginning of this year, WeShop passed, and we were also the first batch of enterprises to pass.

　　Recently, we saw the news that digital watermarking technology will usher in the national standard, requiring AI to add digital watermarking to generated content. In fact, before the draft for comment came out, we were also making relevant preparations for AI image watermarking.

　　We have experienced several rounds of ups and downs in the industry before, and we have some experience, so we think it is good for everyone to make early judgment and preparation.

　　NBD: Why is the direction of re-starting a business AI?

　　Qi Chen: In earlier years, Mushroom Street tried the technology of virtual try-on, and AI technology was also applied at that time, but the AI at that time was generally biased towards the recognition function. This round of AIGC focuses more on generative AI. At the end of 2022, when AIGC exploded, we suddenly realized that at this critical point, it seemed to meet some of the needs of virtual fitting that we had hoped to achieve before, so we started the project in early 2023, and about three months later, we went online to shoot WeShop.

　　NBD: The idea at that time was to make a new iteration on the previous AI recognition technology?

　　Qi Chen: As far as my entrepreneurial path and main line are concerned, there is still a very clear trunk in general. It is how to show more real goods on the virtual screen, so that the information gap between consumers and businesses can be reduced. The waterfall stream and live e-commerce created by Mushroom Street in the early years are all for this purpose. After this round of AIGC technology broke out, we also tried new projects with this idea.

　　NBD: Efficiency and quality are actually difficult to balance. Although technology can be pushed forward, can the information gap behind it be eliminated?

　　Qi Chen: There may be some brands that deliberately create the information gap, but like us, as a retail channel, we hope to reduce the information gap to some extent. From the consumer’s point of view, people may think that consumers naturally want to eliminate the information gap. But in fact, sometimes this is not the case. If there is no information difference between merchants and consumers at all, for example, no packaging at all, consumers may not like it either.

　　Therefore, our main line is to reduce the information gap as much as possible and constantly use new technologies to reduce the information gap. Usually, when a technology is fully used by the whole industry, its information gap will increase again, so we begin to look for new technologies, which is a process of constant competition and mutual influence.

　　Find the small incision application scenario

　　NBD：WeShop was developed by the artificial intelligence team of Mushroom Street. Compared with the previous e-commerce platform of to C, WeShop is a B-side AIGC application, which user groups does it mainly serve?

　　Qi Chen: WeShop’s business is biased towards the B end, which is a new attempt for us. In addition to the e-commerce platform and retail platform that we tried before, we also hope that as an importer and developer of technology applications, we can apply technology to target customers more widely.

　　At present, according to our user data, it is mainly divided into several categories: one is domestic e-commerce customers, the other is cross-border e-commerce customers, and the other is brand design customers and advertising customers. Geographically, more than half of our customers are overseas.

　　An interesting phenomenon is that Brazil is the country with the largest number of overseas customers. Where are their demand points? For example, to sell small commodities and agricultural products, they need to change their backgrounds and models, change their domestic backgrounds to those of Brazil, and change their models of China to those of Latin America.

　　NBD: In the eyes of many bosses, AI is a sharp weapon to "reduce costs and increase efficiency". From the practical application point of view, what is the willingness of enterprises to use technology to reduce costs and increase efficiency when it comes to specific application scenarios?

　　Qi Chen: From the perspective of our customers, there is a huge difference between the cognition of the boss and that of the front-line operators. In addition, there are also great cognitive differences among bosses: some people don’t know enough about AI, some people think that AI can solve all problems, and some people think that AI can’t solve anything.

　　Then, the front-line employees’ cognition of AI is also divided: some people will actively embrace AI and improve work efficiency; There are also some people who will resist and worry that AI will affect their work.

　　NBD: After the explosive development last year, how do you see the development of AIGC application this year?

　　Qi Chen: The year 2024 is still crucial. This year should be the stage when AIGC applications are really used by everyone. Therefore, people like us who are engaged in AI application development must do something.

　　First of all, understand the customer’s application scenarios very well, break down the customer’s entire workflow and work scenarios, and apply different AI functions in different scenarios. Secondly, it is clear in which scenario we can satisfy our customers. At present, ChatGPT is basically completed in the form of dialogue, which seems to be very powerful, but from the work point of view, this interface is actually not professional enough and its controllability is very poor.

　　WeShop has accumulated hundreds of thousands of customers without advertising and marketing. The reason is that our scene is cut very finely and the granularity is very small. At present, the core of the AI ​ ​ commercial auction launched by WeShop is still staring at the AI ​ ​ application related to the field of e-commerce marketing. From this point of view, 2024 should be a very interesting year. This year, everyone will focus on each segment. In 2023, many enterprises launched large models, some of which cost a lot of money. At first, they were "the hammer of Raytheon", but the actual application scenario to be landed may still be as small as a nail. There may be many times when you don’t need the "Thor’s Hammer" at all. Just find a very precise small incision "small nail" and knock it in with a small hammer.

　　Therefore, I think in 2024, in addition to "hammers", there will be "pliers" and "wrenches" on the market. The real universal model, just like the industrial machine tool, is to help you make "hammers" and production tools.

　　NBD: For the current AI commercial auction technology in the industry, some users feel that it has not achieved the expected results. What do you think of the development path of AI commercial auction technology?

　　Qi Chen: The growth of science and technology is a gradual upward process; Every time the technology advances, more customers buy. Now there are customers who continue to pay and use, which shows that the current level of AI business shooting has met the needs of some customers. However, in the face of the needs of other users, there may be room for improvement in technology, and sometimes we need the blessing of our artificial intelligence team.

　　I think the technology may have to develop for two years. At that time, everyone is expected to know more about what AI can do, what will be replaced by AI and what cannot be replaced.

Bauhaus, a design school integrating architecture, design, handicrafts, painting and sculpture, was established in Germany in 1919. It was a gathering place for many pioneers with revolutionary ideas at that time. Bauhaus’s thoughts and aesthetic tastes have influenced a generation.

In 2019, as Germany celebrates the centenary of Bauhaus, the German government will open new museums in Weimar and Dessau, where the Bauhaus school was once located. Strolling around Germany, Bauhaus is still thriving.

In April 1919, Weimar, a small town in the hinterland of Germany, welcomed an experimental school of architecture and art education. The founder and first president Walter Gropius named the school after the German word Bauhaus, and Bauhaus College, the birthplace of modernist architecture, was born.

At the beginning of the year, Bauhaus released the official commemorative logo of the 100th anniversary. Two new Bauhaus museums will be opened this year in Dessau and Weimar, the former school sites of Bauhaus. The other is the Bauhaus Archives, which is being rebuilt in Berlin. In line with the centenary activities of cities throughout the year, the German Tourism Bureau calls itself the "birthplace of modernism", which is very attractive to cultural tourism lovers.

Bauhaus centenary logo

Various posters for Bauhaus’s centenary activities.

Bauhaus is an ideal school of architecture and art. The most famous thing about Bauhaus is its functional design concept, which is completely different from its image in the first few years, but it also makes Bauhaus a brand-not just a school. The brand advocates industrialization and mass production, which is part of the modernist movement.

Of course, Bauhaus is also the epitome of an era.

Weimar Bauhaus

Under the heavy sky, the low-rise residential areas in Lufthansa, Berlin can’t be called beautiful. They were built in the late 1950s to revive areas that were razed to the ground during the Second World War. They are square. Here, the garden is exposed and the skeletons of trees can be clearly seen. But when we look up, we see maintenance and pride. Intelligent furniture can be seen from the big window. Our eyes wandered on the smooth white building designed by Finnish architect Alvar Aalto, and then went down to the ground, where we saw some single-story atrium houses designed by Danish designer Arne Jacobsen. The large column-supported building designed by Oscar Niemeyer is full of sunshine and space.

Walter Gropius, the first president of Bauhaus.

There is a concave "flat" residential area named after Walter Gropius. Gropius is an architect of Bauhaus in the world, and Bauhaus is one of the most influential schools of art and design in the 20th century.

In the Bauhaus Declaration in 1919, he declared: "Let’s look forward to, conceive and create new buildings in the future together, and use them to combine everything-architecture, sculpture and painting-into a single form. One day, he will ascend from Ran Ran to heaven from the hands of millions of workers, which symbolizes the new belief in the future as crystal clear as a crystal."

Bauhaus Declaration, Gropius (text), 1919.

Without Bauhaus, Lufthansa-style social housing and modernism as we know it would not have happened.

This year, many German regions and towns are celebrating the centenary of Bauhaus. The commemorative activities include exhibitions, lectures, performances, workshops and even "blind dating" of artistic dialogue. Although Berlin will become the center, there are Bauhaus buildings all over Germany, and the legacy of the movement extends to Chicago, Tel Aviv, S? o Paulo and Melbourne.

From 1919 to 1933, although Bauhaus only lasted for 14 years. But in these 14 years, Bauhaus initiated a truly modern way of thinking about art and crafts, public sphere, urbanism and the combination of form and function.

Bettina Güldner, an art historian and curator who studies Bauhaus, points out that Gropius’s ideas have influenced shopping malls, churches, office buildings, Berlin Air Transport Memorial Hall and even hotels in Berlin. Berlin has six modernist manors listed as World Heritage by UNESCO. The ADGB trade union school in Bernau, 10 kilometers northeast of the city, is listed on the UNESCO list because of its dual importance to Bauhaus and "classical modernism". They are simple, neat and elegant, and have pride and open belief in the use of modern materials.

"They don’t need embellishment or overcrowding," says Gulner. Buildings can be newer and better, instead of copying anything that already exists. The birth of beauty lies in finding a solution to the problem: that is,’ what is useful?’ .。 "

Poster of Weimar Bauhaus exhibition in 1923.

Weimar is located 280 kilometers southwest of Berlin. The founders of Weimar Republic met there (also in 1919). In Germany after World War I, the city was politically neutral. They hope to get the spiritual guidance of Weimar intellectuals, including Goethe, Schiller, Nietzsche and Liszt.

In 1919, Bauhaus was at least as revolutionary as republicanism. But this is not an imaginative leap. The old city is solemn and serious, with 12 main buildings in Baroque style, which are listed as "classical Weimar" by UNESCO. Not far away is Haus am Horn, a groundbreaking "white cube". The first Bauhaus exhibition was held in this building in 1923. This modern "test building" is low and flat, with flat walls and monotonous colors. Now it has been listed as a world heritage.

Haojiaowu

Weimar’s Bauhaus trip needs to return from Gropius to Belgian architect Henry van de Velde. He is the core figure and leader of early Belgian design movement and an important pioneer of modernism. With his innovative design, he added the Arts and Crafts School (which has now become a university) and the private residence Hauhohe Pappeln to Weimar.

You can visit the website of Bauhaus, but students of Weimar University also offer guided hiking several times a week (starting from 4 euros). On April 6th, the new Weimar Bauhaus Museum opened next to the exaggerated Nazi-era building Gauforum.

In the century after Weimar founded Bauhaus, the success of Bauhaus furniture lies in that it has become so ubiquitous and invisibly integrated into our life background. Ludwig mies van der rohe’s Barcelona chairs decorate every corporate hall, as do the spherical lights designed by Max Bill. Bauhaus continues to influence every aspect of our lives in ways that we don’t even notice, from bookshelves, kitchen utensils, road signs, tableware and so on.

Bauhaus school building in Dessau

With the advent of the 1920s, Weimar became more and more conservative. In 1925, Gropius moved Bauhaus to Dessau, 130 kilometers northeast. As the location of Junker aircraft factory, the city has a long tradition of industrial design. The Bauhaus movement also reached its peak here. The headquarters of the movement can be reached within walking distance from the main station in Dessau. The whole building is made of glass, steel and concrete, which is the Bauhaus school building. Entrusted by the city, this building was designed by Gropius and built in 1925-1926 to accommodate all departments of a school, teaching courses ranging from furniture design to architectural design to typesetting, covering all aspects.

Gropius and the masters of Bauhaus are on the roof of Dessau school building.

Kandinsky’s course

Today, the exhibition space of this building is small, but it is very brilliant, with carefully edited silent films telling the story of Bauhaus. At the same time, the exhibition runs through the main innovative designs of Bauhaus. The names of Paul Klee and Wassily Kandinsky are familiar to everyone, but Hannes Meyer and Laszlo Moholy-Nagy are highly respected in the design field. (Note: In 1928, Gropes resigned as principal of Bauhaus, and was succeeded by Hannerz Meyer, head of the Department of Architecture, and Laszlo Mohori-Naji was a teacher of Bauhaus. ) Pioneering lamp and furniture designs were displayed in the adjacent exhibition hall, and the cardboard model of the building also presented an abstract form. Some photos of theaters and music parties show that the Bauhaus era was full of avant-garde and commitment to craftsmanship.

Hannerz Meyer, the second president of Bauhaus.

A group of ordinary white concrete buildings nearby are made of glass and gray steel. These seven "Masters’ Houses", once the address and studio of Bauhaus teachers, are now exhibition spaces and studios for artists. Outside the city are five deck-access houses designed by Hannerz Meyer, which are important early examples of community housing and public space. Of course, there is also the Bauhaus-style restaurant Kornhaus, which serves non-minimalist bar food.

"Masters’ Houses"

"Masters’ Houses"

Bauhaus store is undoubtedly a happy place, where you can easily spend 100 euros on derivatives such as cups and luxury pencils. Dessau will open a new museum later this year: the Bauhaus Museum in Dessau will open in September, with enough space to display more than 49,000 pieces of its collection. Today, Bauhaus will continue to open, and the hotel area has been re-paved, and fanatical fans can rest in a cellular double-decker room. Anni Albers, a famous German textile artist, once lived here.

During the Dessau period, Bauhaus’s teaching method adopted the viewpoint of paying more attention to the industry, giving up the workshops of wood, stained glass, binding and pottery, and supporting the state of "work and study" instead. Students will be engaged in productive products and sales. For example, geometric chess designs like Josef Hartwig are so popular. Students have also become craftsmen who fulfill orders. As time goes on, schools become more and more proficient in business.

In 1929, Ludwig·The Barcelona chair designed by Mies Van Derro and Lily Reich.

Chess designed by Joseph Hartvig.

The last frame of this silent film in the Bauhaus school building was named "The Last Party". In September 1932, Bauhaus, led by Meyer, expanded from artistic radicalism to political radicalism, which made Bauhaus face more and more political pressure. Finally, Meyer himself had to resign in 1930 and be succeeded by Mies van de Rohe (1886-1969). Meese, who took over, faced the pressure from Nazi forces and finally moved the whole Utopia project to Berlin. But in the end, Bauhaus only lasted seven months in Berlin.

When the school moved to Berlin, Bauhaus shifted his focus to architecture and interior design. Bauhaus has had a great influence on our view of home. Together with his partner Lilly Reich Zu Ki, Mies Van Derro put forward the idea of an open home space, in which the areas in the home are separated by hanging fabric curtains and movable partitions. In 1930s, with the promotion of exhibitions and publications, the open idea was imitated by countless architects in the rest of this century, and it is still the way of life today.

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Paradoxically, 14 years after its founding, the closure of Bauhaus ensured its lasting success. After the closure, the myth of Bauhaus only increased, because its tutors and students were scattered all over the world, spreading their ideas. Everyone claimed that they were the original legal heirs. In the past 100 years, its influence has been more obvious all over the world than ever before, and the Bauhaus brand has also won the ultimate victory.

New Bauhaus Museum in Dessau, Oscar Schlemm’s Dancing in the Glass.

In Berlin, the main collection of Bauhaus is the Bauhaus-Archiv designed by Gropius in Tiergarten. At present, this archive is being closed for renovation, which will last for four years. The official reply is: "In order to celebrate the centenary of the establishment of Bauhaus in 2019, the Bauhaus Archives/Museum is undergoing renovation." In this regard, many foreign tourists expressed dissatisfaction with this. The "temporary exhibition" turned out to be a small shop near the zoo station.

This year’s Germany is undoubtedly suitable for Bauhaus-themed travel. There are related architectural landmarks in Thuringia, erfurt, Guerra and Jena. Cities such as Bremen, Frankfurt, Hamburg and Mü nster also have houses, factories, dams, foundries and garages built by modernists influenced by Bauhaus.

In contrast, Bauhaus is not just a movement of the past; It is a force today, providing nuanced insights into German life and art. In art books, modernism is usually considered rootless, but what we now think of as "new" mostly comes from Dessau and Weimar.

"I think Bauhaus is a very German phenomenon," Bettina said. "Our industrialization time is very late. Bauhaus responded to the need to re-educate craftsmen and catch up with Britain and France. The first world war destroyed the nationalism of the empire. 1919 is a new dawn. "

In 1926, a woman wearing an Oscar Schlemmer drama mask sat in Marcel Brewer’s B3 chair.

"Bauhaus: Centennial Exhibition" will be held at the Museum of Modern Art in Berlin from September 6, 2019 to January 27, 2020.

"The Migrating Bauhaus: Berlin Is Still Not Dead" will be held at the World Cultural Palace in Berlin from March 15th to June 10th, 2019.

"Henry Van Derfeld: Pioneer of Modernism Crossroads" will be held from March 15th, 2019 to January 15th, 2020 at the Gra Museum in Germany.

"Oscar Schirmer: Bauhaus and the Road to Modernity" will be held from April 28, 2019 to July 29, 2019 at the Gotha Museum in Germany.

Attached:

Bauhaus: A Classic of German Modernism

flughafen berlin tempelhof

The Nazis condemned the cool contemporary architecture as "depravity", but the architect Ernst Sagebiel, a party member, did not hesitate to integrate modernist features with monument details when designing this iconic airport terminal. Since 1936, due to the war, it has never been completed, but its natural stone appearance is still shining, and its interior is full of lyricism. The airport was used during air transport in Berlin and closed in 2008. Some parts are used as refugee camps.

Fagus factory on the Rhine

In 1911, Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer jointly designed the Fagus factory. Fagus Factory, located in Alfeld-on-Lena, Lower Saxony, is one of the earliest modern architectural works and the first major project in Gropius. This world heritage has inspired thousands of British factories, towers and public schools.

Dresden, German Health Museum

In February 1945, nearly 4,000 tons of bombs were dropped on Dresden in just three days. This is a rare modern survivor. The German Health Museum was designed by the architect Wilhelm Kreis from 1927 to 1930. Its most important style is new objectivity, which tries to emphasize its functionality, weaken its characteristics and oppose over-expressionism.

Leipzig, Guerra Museum

Leipzig is famous for its Renaissance and Baroque core. At the same time, Leipzig also has important modernist buildings, including suburban houses and churches in the 1920s, striking museum buildings and enlightened urban planning. No visitor will miss the complex of Guerra Museum. They combine new objectivity with artistic decoration.

Turbine Workshop of General Electric Company, Berlin

The turbine workshop of General Electric Company was built in 1908 and designed by architect Baehrens and engineer Karl Bernhard. It is considered as the first successful application of modernist style elements in industrial buildings. Glass and steel are used to replace stones and chisels, and their functions or forms are clearly seen by the public. Contemporary people call it "machine cathedral".

(This article is synthesized and compiled from "100 years of Bauhaus: Berlin and Beyond" and "Bauhaus: 100 years old but still in our homes today" in The Guardian.)