分类： rtdg

　　This newspaper(Li Miao Liu Chuan, all-media reporter of Sichuan Daily) On June 9th, the 2023 World Power Battery Conference, co-sponsored by the Sichuan Provincial People’s Government and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, opened in Yibin. Wan Gang, Vice Chairman of 13th Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and Chairman of China Association for Science and Technology, attended the opening ceremony and delivered a speech. Jardot Peter, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Economy of Hungary, as the guest of honor, delivered a video speech, Miao Wei, member of the Standing Committee of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of the Economic Commission, delivered a keynote speech, Huang Qiang, deputy secretary of the provincial party committee and governor, delivered a welcome speech, and Xin Guobin, vice minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and Chang Qide, coordinator of the United Nations system in China delivered speeches respectively.

　　On behalf of China Association for Science and Technology, Wan Gang congratulated the conference. He said that as an important part of the modern energy industry cluster, the power battery industry has become an important force to promote the global green and low-carbon transformation, and is entering a critical stage of industrial development under the new situation of accelerating the electrification transformation of automobiles and other vehicles in various countries. It is necessary to increase the research and development of the next generation power battery technology, scientifically judge the technical route, systematically solve technical problems such as key materials, new system batteries and system integration, and promote industrial application and demonstration operation. Promote the high-quality development of the whole industrial chain of new power batteries, accelerate the development of upstream mineral resources, realize the stable price and supply of key raw materials, build a symbiotic and win-win ecological circle of the whole industrial chain, and give full play to the role of power batteries in "cutting peaks and filling valleys" in the power grid. Accelerate the formulation of safety-related standards and regulations, continuously improve the technical requirements of thermal diffusion and thermal management, speed up the revision and formulation of relevant standards, strengthen regular maintenance of vehicles in use and improve the annual inspection system. Promote the green recycling and comprehensive utilization of retired batteries, establish a standardized and orderly market ecology, strengthen the construction of supervision and management system, actively explore innovative business models, and realize the market-oriented development of recycling. Adhere to high-level open cooperation, strengthen global coordination and internationalization, jointly explore the construction of low-carbon standards and management systems, and strengthen global cooperation in technological innovation, intelligent manufacturing and recycling of next-generation power batteries. It is hoped that experts, scholars, entrepreneurs and policy makers in the field of global power batteries will join hands to jointly ensure the green and low-carbon transformation of the global automobile industry and build a clean and beautiful world.

　　In his speech, West Jardot Peter thanked the General Assembly for inviting Hungary as the guest of honor. He said that Hungary and China are strategic partners. Thirteen years ago, Hungary announced the policy of "opening to the east", especially encouraging China investors to take Hungary as their investment destination. In 2020, China became the largest source of foreign investment in Hungary for the first time, and it is expected to maintain this position this year, mainly because of the investment choices made by China power battery manufacturers. Thanks to the investment of a large number of power battery enterprises such as Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, the Hungarian power battery output has ranked fourth in the world, and the number of the latter will rise to the second place in the world after these investments are completed. Thanks to the trust of China investors in Hungary, we will continue to encourage China investors to expand their production capacity in Hungary or to settle new investment projects in Hungary.

　　黄强在致辞中对各位嘉宾表示欢迎和感谢，向数十年坚守、探索、奋斗在新能源汽车发展领域的技术先驱、领军企业、行业精英致以敬意。他说，去年6月8日，习近平总书记亲临宜宾视察，对生态环保、高质量发展和人才教育培养作出重要指示，要求努力提高自主创新能力、加快向制造强国转变。我们牢记嘱托，加快建设以实体经济为支撑的现代化产业体系，着力打造全球产业链最完整、综合竞争力最强的动力电池产业集群。我们将进一步发挥第一绿电大省得天独厚优势，支持建设零碳工厂，生产真正的绿电动力电池；发挥资源优势，坚定支持重点企业与资源地深化合作，有序高效清洁开发锂矿资源；抢抓成渝地区双城经济圈建设等机遇，加快构建全产业链生态圈；以“电动四川”行动为引领，支持广泛开发换电重卡、数字能源等应用场景，快速大幅提升电动化替代水平。希望全球企业家和科学家把更多产业项目投向四川、让更多创新成果在四川转化，共创共享合作发展美好未来。

　　Entrusted by Jin Zhuanglong, Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xin Guobin congratulated the conference on behalf of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. He pointed out that in recent years, China has grasped the reform trend of the automobile industry, promoted the continuous expansion of the production and sales scale of the power battery industry, effectively improved the technical level, and gradually improved the industrial ecology. The global new energy automobile industry has entered a new stage of accelerated development, which puts forward higher requirements for technological innovation, quality and performance of power batteries. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, follow the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, adhere to the principle of open cooperation and win-win, and work with relevant parties to jointly promote technological innovation of power batteries, jointly improve the stability and green development level of industrial chain supply chain, and make scientific and technological innovations better benefit people of all countries. The development of power battery cluster in Sichuan Province has begun to take shape, and the first World Power Battery Conference last year received a good response. I hope everyone can make full use of this platform and work together to promote the better and faster development of new energy vehicles and power battery industries.

　　Chang Qide said that the green new power and electric vehicle exhibition will bring great changes to the world, and advanced batteries are one of the important forces to promote change. China is the world leader in innovation and production of power batteries, and Sichuan is an important production center, in which Yibin plays a key role. The United Nations system in China will actively build a platform, gather sustainable development partners, and help the electric vehicle reform and environmental protection in China to advance simultaneously.

　　At about 11: 50, Wan Gang, Miao Wei, Huang Qiang, Xin Guobin and Hungarian Ambassador to China Bertie jointly launched the opening ceremony of the 2023 World Power Battery Conference. Before the opening ceremony, Wan Gang, Miao Wei, Huang Qiang and Xin Guobin also visited the exhibition booths of power batteries and new energy vehicles in Yibin International Convention and Exhibition Center.

　　The theme of this conference is "green new power, new kinetic energy in the world". Zheng Bei, Vice Governor, presided over the opening ceremony. Zeng Yuqun, Chairman of Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited New Energy Technology Company, and Qiu Xiandong, General Manager of China FAW Group, delivered keynote speeches respectively. Liu Liang, Director of Changjiang Waterway Bureau of the Ministry of Transport, and representatives of 13 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River system jointly issued the "Electrified Yangtze River" initiative. Torre Secknes, head of the European Battery Union, and representatives of some domestic industry associations and leading enterprises jointly issued the consensus on "global integrated development" of the power battery industry.

　　Provincial leaders Zhu Jiade and Xie Shanghua, representatives of relevant national delegations in Chengdu and Chongqing, academicians of the two academies, responsible comrades of state ministries and commissions and brother provinces and cities, and guests from well-known enterprises, universities, research institutions and industry organizations at home and abroad attended the opening ceremony.

    From October 11th to 13th, 2023, the 2023 China Mobile Global Partner Conference and the 11th China Mobile Global Partner Conference were held in Guangzhou Poly World Trade Expo, China. During the exhibition, Huawei terminals brought a variety of products to participate in the exhibition, allowing participants to deeply experience the latest products of Huawei terminals.

    Recently, Huawei Terminal has released the new M7 and Mate60 series in three key areas, namely, new energy vehicles, mobile phones and full-scene smart life, which has boosted the rapid development of the industry.

    At this exhibition, Huawei Terminal brought flagship new products, sports health, government-enterprise solutions, smart home and new M7 in the world to the exhibition. The site is divided into five sections: 1+8 exhibition area, sports health, smart home, terminal government and enterprise, and the new M7 test drive. Huawei also won two awards from China Mobile, the Best Terminal Partner Award and the Most Popular Product Award.

    Mate60 series single ride

    According to the supply chain news, as of the end of September, the sales of Huawei Mate 60 Pro and Mate 60 have exceeded 1.1 million units. At present, the industry is optimistic about the future performance of Mate series.

    The impact of Huawei terminals on the industry lies not only in the market, but also in the continuous sales of Huawei Mate60 series, which has a greater impact on the domestic supply chain. Enterprises such as optics, panels and structural parts are accelerating production to meet the market demand of Huawei Mate60 series.

    Huawei Terminal and China Mobile have always maintained close cooperation, with a high degree of cooperation in the fields of mobile phones, wearables, routers and other products, consumers and businesses, as well as number card business and consumer stickiness. This time, Huawei’s terminal exhibition area also has a terminal government and enterprise area for the live audience to experience, and continue to empower the industry in the field of secure instant messaging with partners.

    Ask the new M7 to turn the tide.

    As the star SKU of Huawei’s smart car selection, Wenjie New M7 has recently ushered in an upgrade and change. After listing, it has become the top stream in the recent auto market with its excellent product strength. The data shows that since its release on September 12th, the cumulative quantity of the new M7 has exceeded 50,000 vehicles.

    Huawei’s smart car selection, especially the series of cars in the world, has experienced a low period, which is basically in line with the current situation of the domestic new energy vehicle market. Often, the technical upgrade of new models is obvious, and then they set sail in a high profile at the initial stage of listing. However, due to the rapid technical upgrade of the industry, as more brands of new products come out one after another, the result will be a rapid suppression of old models, which will lead to the weakness of the latter, and the impact will be to force major brands to continue to invest heavily to ensure the technological leadership of new cars.

    The upgrade of the product strength of the new M7 in the world and the "increasing the quantity without increasing the price" brought by the high cost performance are also the main reasons for detonating the market. At the conference site, Huawei Terminal also set up a new M7 test drive exhibition area for customers with test drive needs to test drive. It is reported that Huawei’s deeply empowered products, such as M9 and S7, will also be available.

   Full scene, new products landing, efficient ecological experience

    This time, Huawei Terminal also moved almost all the new products from the autumn full-scene conference to the exhibition site, so the audience can experience the new products of Huawei Terminal in the first time. Huawei terminals have always had a clear category positioning for each business line, and at the same time, they have also planned more carefully in ecological positioning, further consolidating the ecological moat.

    Huawei MatePad Pro 13.2 inches has a stronger office atmosphere. The new PC-level WPS Office, combined with HarmonyOS intelligent interaction, brings a better PC-level office experience, and realizes the document synchronization between PC and mobile phone for the first time; Huawei WATCH ULTIMATE DESIGN Extraordinary Master Smart Watch is Huawei’s new interpretation of luxury industrial products. As Huawei’s first gold smart watch, this product has made another breakthrough in material technology, blending 18K precious gold for the first time; Huawei FreeBuds Pro 3 TWS headphones use the star flash technology, which improves the physical bandwidth by 4 times and the anti-interference ability by 2 times. Based on the new L2HC 3.0 protocol, it can realize lossless transmission of 1.5Mbps audio and bring lossless sound quality with super CD quality.

    Huawei’s terminal’s understanding of new products in the whole scene, while fully putting cutting-edge innovative technologies into product strength, brings a unique ecological wisdom interactive experience according to category positioning. Under the "1+8+N" system, the central position of the mobile phone is defined, and with the intelligent interaction of HarmonyOS, a number of core technologies are used as the starting point to expand and explore more functions. Huawei terminals have successfully built their own ecological moat.

Today (April 5th), a number of news sources revealed on the Internet that Doinb, a well-known anchor of Betta Fish, was about to return to rebroadcast, and related topics were posted on Weibo Hot Search, attracting netizens’ attention.

It is said that Doinb will return on April 6th, and many guests will help out during the rebroadcasting process, including IG-assisted Wink, Liangxiao Umbrella, Smile and others.

It is understood that the last live broadcast of Doinb was on November 23, 2023, nearly five months ago. At present, many viewers have come to watch the live broadcast, and they have sent barrage to ask if the rumor is accurate.

　　Lithium battery production line. Photo courtesy of vision china

　　◎ Chen Ke Our reporter Changfeng Wu

　　With the popularity of mobile phones and electric cars, lithium batteries are playing an increasingly important role in people’s lives. However, the fire and explosion accidents of electric vehicles and energy storage power stations caused by the inherent thermal runaway of lithium batteries also make the safety of lithium batteries a problem that cannot be ignored. This is also a long-term technical challenge faced by the lithium battery industry.

　　At the Sichuan Science and Technology Awards Conference held recently, the team of Professor Xiang Yong from the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, as the first completion unit, won the first prize of Sichuan Science and Technology Progress Award for the project "Key Technologies and Applications of Safety Control of Lithium Batteries Based on Multi-field Perception and Independent Flame Retardation". "How to improve the safety of lithium batteries and reduce the risk of overheating and explosion of batteries is a must." Xiang Yong said that in order to overcome this hurdle, he and his team have been exploring and struggling for more than ten years.

　　Overcoming three major problems of lithium battery safety

　　"Since 2012, we have gradually developed a complete electrochemical Qualcomm characterization platform and made a series of achievements in the research of lithium battery electrolytes, electrode materials and packaging materials." Xiang Yong said that he and his team began to try to apply the electrochemical Qualcomm characterization technology to the research on the dynamic change of the safety performance of lithium batteries in the whole life cycle, but during the research and development process, they found that the parameters monitored by the existing characterization methods were not enough to directly reflect the thermal runaway risk of lithium batteries.

　　In Xiang Yong’s view, the thermal runaway process of lithium batteries involves manufacturing defects, aging and deterioration, management failure, abnormal environmental conditions and other factors, as well as manufacturing, storage and transportation, service and other links, and many technical problems need to be solved urgently.

　　"There are three main problems to be overcome to solve the safety management and control of lithium batteries throughout their life cycle." Xiang Yong told Science and Technology Daily that real-time monitoring of thermal runaway of lithium battery is the first difficult problem. The difficulty lies in that conventional sensors cannot be embedded in the battery, and external signal sensing can only be relied on to infer the safety state of the battery, which will lead to inaccurate monitoring data.

　　"Early warning and protection of lithium battery thermal runaway process is the second problem." Xiang Yong said that the measures taken after the thermal runaway of lithium batteries are usually "one size fits all", that is, shutting down the whole power supply system, which can not fundamentally eliminate safety accidents and will damage the service reliability of the power supply system.

　　"The combustion blocking after the lithium battery caught fire is the third problem." Xiang Yong said that in the electrolyte of lithium battery, the organic solvent will produce flammable and explosive components when it is decomposed by heat, which will become the root cause of the fire and explosion of lithium battery after being mixed with oxygen. Therefore, once the lithium battery catches fire, it is extremely difficult to block the combustion.

　　After clarifying the R&D problems and selecting the R&D direction, Xiang Yong team, together with Sichuan Institute of Safety Science and Technology, Sichuan Institute of Product Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing, Sichuan Branch of China Tower Co., Ltd., Southwest Petroleum University and other Industry-University-Research companies, conducted in-depth research and exploration on the monitoring and control of the safety status of lithium batteries throughout their life cycle. Under the leadership of Xiang Yong, the participating research institutes have made concerted efforts to tackle key problems, giving full play to their respective strengths in the fields of theoretical research, technology development and application promotion.

　　"We have successfully developed the in-situ preparation integration technology of multi-parameter thin film sensor and lithium battery current collector, realized the integrated integration, and solved the problem of sensor ‘ Buried, measured accurately, transmitted, with little influence ’ Key technical challenges. " Xiang Yong said that the team independently developed a special algorithm for artificial intelligence electrochemical countermeasure migration learning, and combined with the precise design model developed in the early stage, the accuracy of fault battery identification was improved to 98.6% in one fell swoop; Self-developed Qualcomm electrolyte preparation and screening technology and related devices improve the screening efficiency by 100 times, and realize the rapid optimization of the flame retardant and electrochemical properties of electrolyte.

　　On April 24th, 2022, an expert group headed by Academician Wu Feng, a famous lithium battery expert, evaluated the technical achievements of lithium battery safety series developed by Xiang Yong team. The expert group agreed: "This achievement belongs to the international frontier technology field, and its indicators, model prediction accuracy and electrolyte self-extinguishing time are at the international leading level."

　　Accumulated economic benefits exceeded 1 billion yuan.

　　Since 2019, China Tower Energy Company has applied the project results to the power supply system of China Tower communication base station, supported the real-time online monitoring of more than 500,000 lithium batteries in the standby system of Sichuan communication base station, and warned the safety risks of lithium batteries for more than 20,000 times, with a success rate of 100%. More than 13,000 failed batteries were safely returned, and fire hazards were eliminated for more than 1,500 times, which effectively ensured the safe operation of the tower communication base station without any lithium battery thermal runaway accident.

　　Shanghai Institute of Space Power Supply applied this achievement to solve the problem of sudden safety failure of lithium battery module. At present, this technology has been applied to Fengyun-4 02 satellite, new technology test satellite and other models; Sichuan Changhong Power Supply Co., Ltd. has developed a special integrated power supply with high weight ratio and high density of batteries and accessories based on the results of this project.

　　In October 2019, after introducing the technical achievements of the project, Hubei Yiwei Power Co., Ltd. further developed the online capacity prediction technology of lithium batteries, and successfully applied the new technology to the transformation of existing production lines and the construction of new production lines, effectively improving the production capacity of lithium batteries.

　　Xiang Yong told reporters that the popularization and application of the project results can help to develop high-safety and high-reliability new lithium battery products, eliminate hidden dangers of production safety risks, and also help to develop new lithium battery safety management system and improve the safety management and control level of lithium battery system. "Especially for lithium battery users, it can reduce the accident rate of lithium battery thermal runaway, reduce disaster losses and save operation and maintenance costs."

　　The data shows that since March 2019, the achievements of this project have accumulated over 1 billion yuan in economic benefits, and produced a wide range of social benefits, playing a role in serving major and key national projects.

　　Beijing, April 20 (Reporter Zhu Hongyuan) According to the economic voice "Tianxia Finance", the 17th Shanghai International Automobile Industry Exhibition in 2017 opened yesterday. As the most influential international auto show in China, more than 1,000 vehicle companies and parts companies from 18 countries and regions participated in the exhibition this year, and 1,400 vehicles were exhibited. In addition to the traditional car brands, this year’s emerging new energy car brands, and Internet car companies that have received much attention have also brought their own products.

　　The number of mass production vehicles of new energy vehicles exceeds that of traditional vehicles.

　　This year’s Shanghai Auto Show has 113 first cars in the world, while there are 159 new energy exhibition cars, including 96 domestic manufacturers. New energy, smart cars and Internet-made cars have become the general trend of the development of the automobile industry. As Yin Tongyue, Chairman of Chery Automobile Co., Ltd. said, the number of new energy production vehicles has exceeded the number of traditional vehicles.

　　Yin Tongyue: "There are about three or four new energy vehicles this year. Now new energy vehicles have exceeded the amount of traditional vehicles. New energy vehicles mainly solve pollution and national energy security problems."

　　At present, China is experiencing the largest and fastest urbanization process in the history of the world, with 20 million rural people flooding into cities every year. Although it promotes economic development and social progress, it also breeds a series of urban diseases. This has led many car companies to study the solutions of "pollution control" and "congestion control" and put forward the concept of "green transportation".　　

　　Wang Chuanfu, chairman and president of BYD, said: "As early as seven years ago, BYD launched ‘ Electrification of urban public transport ’ The solution is to give priority to the use of low-carbon and environmentally-friendly electric vehicles in the field of urban public transportation to reduce the exhaust pollution of the city. Now, this solution has risen to a national strategy. Major cities are accelerating the popularization of electric vehicles, which plays a positive role in alleviating smog. "

　　Building cars on the Internet is the future trend.

　　As far as the current development is concerned, the automobile is no longer a simple means of transportation. It will become an effective mobile means to maintain smart homes, smart grids and wireless city and build a low-carbon society. This has also prompted many internet companies to devote themselves to the automobile industry. Ge Jingdong, vice president of Sina, believes that building cars on the Internet must be the future trend.

　　Ge Jingdong: "This is the trend of cross-border integration, ‘ Internet plus & rsquo; The combination with various industries, of course, does not rule out that some enterprises in this process have not figured out what is going on, are good at telling stories well, and have not done a good job in basic work, but they will slowly go to the past and leave some truly competitive projects. "

　　It is necessary to establish a supporting system for battery treatment.

　　At present, the embryonic form of a future automobile society is taking shape, and the independent innovation and market potential of China automobile industry will leave the world with a broader imagination. In the future, new energy vehicles and smart cars will continue to emerge, but Zhao Chen, the founder of Sina Auto Car Help, also expressed his concern.

　　Zhao Chen: "But I think the biggest problem now is that we must do a good job in battery technology, and at the same time, the problems to be solved are: one is that it is difficult to charge, and the matching of residential areas and urban planning must keep pace. The second is batteries, because almost pure electric vehicles and new energy vehicles are still in a period of rapid development, but we should consider how to recycle and dispose of these batteries after these vehicles are scrapped. This is the most serious problem, and we can’t have many problems in the environment after decades of rapid development. Automobile manufacturers must play their social responsibilities, and a standard system must be established for recycling batteries and scrapping batteries. "

　　After the solar term in beginning of winter, the temperature plummeted. According to the annual clinical consultation, the risk of falls and fractures of the elderly will show an upward trend. This is related to environmental factors such as reduced activity in winter, thick clothes and slippery roads, and also related to physical factors such as aging and degeneration of various organs of the elderly. Today we will focus on the problem of osteoporosis. According to the epidemiological survey of osteoporosis in 2018, 6% of male patients with osteoporosis over 50 years old, 32.1% of female patients, and 51.6% of female patients over 65 years old in China. Our country not only has a high proportion of osteoporosis population, but also does not pay enough attention to osteoporosis. The bone mineral density of people over 50 years old is only 3.7%. In fact, both men and women have entered the early stage of bone loss since the age of 40, and we should prevent osteoporosis from this time.

　　1 minute self-examination of osteoporosis risk

　　By answering the 1-minute osteoporosis risk test of the International Osteoporosis Foundation, you can quickly know whether you have the risk of osteoporosis.

　　1. Parents have been diagnosed with osteoporosis or have been fractured after a light fall.

　　2. One of the parents has a hunchback.

　　3. The actual age is over 40 years old.

　　4. Is there a fracture due to a light fall in adulthood?

　　5. Do you often fall down (more than once last year) or worry about falling down because you are weak?

　　Has the height decreased by more than 3 cm after 6.40 years old?

　　7. Is it underweight (body mass index value is less than 19)

　　8. Have you ever taken steroid hormones such as cortisone and prednisone for more than 3 months (cortisone is often used to treat asthma, rheumatoid arthritis and some inflammatory diseases)?

　　9. Do you have rheumatoid arthritis?

　　10. Have you been diagnosed with gastrointestinal diseases or malnutrition such as hyperthyroidism or hyperparathyroidism, type 1 diabetes, Crohn’s disease or celiac disease?

　　11. Do you stop menstruating at or before the age of 45?

　　12. Have you ever stopped menstruating for more than 12 months except pregnancy, menopause or hysterectomy?

　　13. Did you have your ovaries removed before the age of 50 and didn’t take estrogen/progesterone supplements?

　　14. Do you often drink a lot (drink more than two units of ethanol every day, which is equivalent to 570ml of beer, 240ml of wine or 60ml of spirits)?

　　15. Currently used to smoking or used to smoke.

　　16. Exercise less than 30 minutes a day (including doing housework, walking and running, etc.)

　　17. Can’t you eat dairy products and don’t take calcium tablets?

　　18. Have you been engaged in outdoor activities for less than 10 minutes every day and have not taken vitamin D?

　　As long as the answer to one of the above questions is "yes", it is positive, suggesting the risk of osteoporosis, and suggesting bone mineral density testing or evaluating the risk of fracture.

　　Bone mineral density detection is suitable for the following groups

　　It is not necessary for everyone to do bone mineral density test. Compare the following self-test options to see if you need to have a bone mineral density test.

　　1. Women over 65 years old and men over 70 years old, regardless of other risk factors for osteoporosis.

　　2. Women under 65 and men under 70 have one or more risk factors for osteoporosis.

　　■ A slight collision or fall will cause a fracture.

　　■ Adults with low sex hormone levels caused by various reasons.

　　■ Those with diseases affecting bone metabolism or a history of using drugs affecting bone metabolism.

　　■ Patients receiving or planning long-term glucocorticoid treatment

　　■ Small and thin people

　　■ Long-term bedridden patients

　　■ People with chronic diarrhea

　　■ The answer to the 1-minute osteoporosis risk test is positive.

　　Normal osteoporosis

　　Remember "Five Origins and Three Stages" in Prevention and Control

　　The prevention and treatment of osteoporosis should follow five principles. First, increase bone mass and increase bone peak value; The second is to delay bone loss; Third, inhibit secondary hyperparathyroidism; The fourth is to prevent the first fracture; Fifth, reasonable dietary structure and nutritional composition ratio, quitting bad eating habits, increasing calcium intake, participating in moderate exercise and increasing sunshine.

　　Then, according to these five principles, the measures to prevent osteoporosis can be divided into three stages according to age: primary prevention, secondary prevention and tertiary prevention.

　　The primary prevention of osteoporosis is to start from childhood, to reach the highest bone mass (peak bone mass) in one’s life from childhood and adolescence to around 30-35 years old, with the goal of avoiding or alleviating the occurrence of osteoporosis as much as possible. There are mainly the following measures.

　　Reasonable dietary structure: milk is the most ideal calcium source, with 120mg of calcium per 100ml of fresh milk and a calcium absorption rate of 30%. The daily intake of calcium can be ensured by taking 500ml for adults, 750ml for children and 800ml for adolescents.

　　Choose foods with high calcium content: sesame sauce, shrimp skin, dried seaweed, kelp, milk, bean products and cheese are all foods with high calcium content.

　　Vitamin D intake: The daily intake of vitamin D is 400IU, and the vitamin D content in foods such as cod liver oil, canned sardines, egg yolk, shad and chicken liver is high. Sunlight irradiation is also one of the important ways to supplement vitamin D. Walking in soft sunshine for 40 minutes can ensure the vitamin D needed by the body. It is best to choose the irradiation time before 10 a.m. or after 3 p.m., so as to avoid too strong sunlight damaging the skin and eyesight.

　　Moderate exercise: participating in moderate exercise is helpful to increase bone mass and increase the peak bone mass.

　　Adhere to a healthy lifestyle: not addicted to alcohol and tobacco; Drink less coffee, strong tea and carbonated drinks; Less salt and less sugar.

　　When people reach middle age, they reach the secondary prevention stage of osteoporosis. The core of prevention at this stage is to delay the loss of bone mass in middle age and try to avoid the first osteoporotic fracture. Women aged 40-49 and men aged 40-64 enter the prophase of bone loss: the annual bone loss rate of women is 0.4%-0.6% and that of men is 0.3%-0.5%. Women enter the period of rapid bone loss 1-10 years after menopause, and the rate of bone loss is obviously accelerated, while men do not have the period of rapid bone loss. In addition to food supplement, physical exercise and a good lifestyle, the main preventive methods need to be supplemented with vitamin D and appropriate calcium. The recommended intake of vitamin D for adults is 400IU/d, and the maximum tolerable intake is 2000IU/d. When vitamin D is used for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, the dosage is 800-1200IU/d..

　　The tertiary prevention of osteoporosis is the stage of mending after the sheep is dead, mainly aimed at the elderly, which is mainly reflected in inhibiting bone resorption, reducing bone turnover rate and preventing accidental injuries and fractures. Osteoporosis can be treated by supplementing calcium and vitamin D and taking anti-osteoporosis drugs under the guidance of professional doctors, so as to avoid osteoporotic fractures and re-fractures as much as possible.

　　Calcium supplementation alone cannot replace treatment.

　　The daily calcium intake standard recommended by China Nutrition Association is: 400mg； from birth to 6 months; 600mg； for 6-12 months; 800-1200mg； under 10 years old; 11-24 years old 1200-1500mg；; 1400mg； for pregnant or lactating women over 19 years old; Postmenopausal and postmenopausal women who did not take estrogen 1500mg；; Take estrogen 1000mg； for postmenopausal and postmenopausal women; Middle-aged male 1000mg；; 1000-1500mg for the elderly.

　　However, calcium supplementation alone cannot replace the treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis patients can’t overcome the obstacle of calcium utilization by bones only by taking calcium orally, so they should be treated regularly under the guidance of doctors.

　　About 30% of elderly people over 60 years old and postmenopausal women have gastric acid deficiency. If they have flatulence and constipation after taking calcium carbonate, they should change to calcium citrate. The absorption of calcium citrate is independent of gastric acid and can prevent kidney calculi, which is especially suitable for those with gastric acid deficiency.

　　However, whether calcium supplementation is needed or not should be decided by consulting a specialist in a regular hospital and doing a bone mineral density examination. There is a threshold for calcium absorption. Excessive supplementation is not only a waste, but also can lead to kidney calculi’s disease, ectopic calcification and atherosclerosis. Kidney calculi, patients with advanced bone metastasis, hypercalcemia and cardiac and renal insufficiency are forbidden to supplement calcium.

　　(Author: Deputy Chief Physician, Center for Orthopedics, Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolic Diseases, Peking University Third Hospital)

BEIJING, Beijing, May 27 (Reporter Bian Liqun) "Shanghai Shenhua goalkeeper Ma Zhen committed violent acts and punched the opponent’s player in the face. He was suspended for 5 games and fined 50,000 yuan; Rodriguez, a foreign aid from Meizhou Hakka, carried out non-sports behavior and used insulting gestures to the opposing players. He was suspended for 4 games and fined RMB40,000. "

On the evening of 26th, China Football Association issued another heavy ticket. This is already the second consecutive round of the Super League, and two players have been severely punished for violence on the field.

Recently, football in China is full of anger, and in addition, the referee is insulted in the game and accused by social media. Since May, the China Football Association has issued as many as 21 tickets, most of which are concentrated in the past half month.

Jia Desong (left) and Aziz, who had been severely punished before, were in the game. China News Service reporter Wang Gang photo

The fire can’t be suppressed again.

The league has returned to the home and away games, and the fans have returned to the stadium. This season, the Super League is very popular. However, recently, there has been a lot of anger.

Of course, every season, there will inevitably be angry scenes. At the beginning of last season, just after two rounds of competition, the Super League created nine red cards and five tickets.

In contrast, this season, it is an improvement to enter the third node of the league and get frequent fines.

Data Map: In the Super League last season, referee Li Haixin showed a red card to Shi Ke (first from left). Image source: IC photo

Since the fifth round, the fire in the Super League has gradually started. Sunic, the foreign aid of Henan team, pushed down Fang Hao, a teenager from Beijing Guoan, and was suspended for five games by China Football Association, and fined 50,000 yuan.

In the same round of competition, Fan Bing, an official of Nantong Zhiyun Team, was banned from entering the competition stadium for one game and fined RMB10,000 by the Football Association for publishing the contents of questioning the referee in the WeChat circle of friends.

Coincidentally, Xie Hui, the coach of Dalian People’s Team, was also banned from entering the competition stadium for one game and fined RMB 10,000 for publishing the contents of the penalty dispute on social media.

Data Map: Xie Hui directs the competition in the stands. Image source: IC photo

As Nantong Zhiyun sent a long article in response to the Football Association’s fine on May 16th, the fire reached a new height.

"The facts on which the penalty decision is based are unclear and are not within the jurisdiction of the Football Association Disciplinary Committee, and the applicable rules are inappropriate; Moreover, although the punishment decision shows that there is a’ description of the parties’ by applying the template, in fact, it did not give our club or Fan Bing any opportunity to communicate, explain and defend themselves, and never held an interview meeting or hearing under the rules, lacking due process. "

"If such’ punishment decisions’ that lack legal basis and express personal opinions are allowed to flood, it will inevitably lead to illegal restrictions on the legitimate freedom of expression of football players and lead to a chilling effect."

Until now, the China Football Association has not responded to this. And a wave of unrest, a wave of rise again.

Data Map: Xie Hui directs the competition in the stands. Image source: IC photo

In the match between Tianjin Jinmen Tiger and Shandong Taishan Mountain on May 19th, Jia Desong, a foreign aid of Taishan Team, punched Beric, a foreign aid of Tianjin Jinmen Tiger, and the latter was injured. Jia Desong was finally banned for five games by the China Football Association and fined 50,000 yuan.

In the same round of competition between Wuhan Sanzhen and Chengdu Rongcheng, Aziz, a foreign aid from the three towns, trampled on his opponent’s leg and was banned for four games and fined 40,000 yuan.

Next, Shanghai Shenhua goalkeeper Ma Zhen and Meizhou Hakka foreign aid Rodrigo.

Why are you so angry?

Recently, the violence in China football field has been concentrated, which has to cause a question: Why are people so angry?

This season’s return to the home and away Super League, although the star flavor is insufficient after the loss of big-name stars, the game is still quite fierce.

To a certain extent, some of the anger also comes from this. Under the competition for every inch of land on the court, coupled with the blessing of the players’ own hormones in the game, irrational behavior is prone to occur.

This season’s Super League is hot at home. China News Service reporter Han Haidan photo

However, combing down, the source of a lot of anger comes from some penalties.

For example, Fan Bing, an official of Nantong Zhiyun, and Xie Hui, the coach of Dalian, made speeches on social media, all of which were aimed at the referee’s penalty.

In the match between Tianjin Jinmenhu and Shandong Taishan, the players of the two teams have accumulated anger for a long time. Before Jia Desong’s boxing behavior, the fighting action has gone beyond the normal range. Unfortunately, the referee on duty failed to control the field well, which indirectly led to a large-scale conflict at the end of the game. All kinds of chaos have buried the original excitement of this goal war.

Sunic, a foreign aid from Henan province, and Aziz, a foreign aid from three towns in Wuhan, were given additional punishment for their violent behavior, but in the game, the two referees on duty only showed them yellow cards.

The Wuhan Three Towns team punished Aziz for one dollar and responded to the ticket in disguise.

Another big source of anger is the intensive schedule. Since the start of the game on April 15th, the Chinese Super League has played 9 rounds in more than one month, with each team playing once every 4 days on average.

Under the long-term consumption of double matches in a week, the players are inevitably tired of fighting, which further increases their anger.

Data Map: This season’s Super League competition. China News Service reporter Futian photo

Sparse fire can reduce fire.

Objective factors, such as the intensive schedule and the referee’s ruling level, cannot be changed in a short time. Therefore, the way of suppressing fire, which is similar to punishing improper remarks, can not reduce the fire well, but is easy to be swallowed up by fire.

Therefore, Nantong Zhiyun, Wuhan Sanzhen and other clubs responded fiercely, and the behavior of club officials abusing referees on the court and questioning referees on social media off the court became more and more concentrated.

Fans in the stands and on social media are also angry.

For the current football in China, communication needs to be strengthened, and all parties need to reduce the fire.

In fact, in the 2021 season, the Super League used the mechanism of publicly responding to controversial penalties, but it did not last long, and such responses disappeared.

In addition, some fans suggested that it is possible to reconsider choosing an international referee in some 6-point battles related to championship or relegation.

Although this move may not necessarily put an end to the phenomenon of questioning the referee and the misjudgment and omission in the court, it can still alleviate the anger caused by various trust crises.

In any case, it is really precious that the league resumes home and away games, fans return to the stadium, and some stadiums even have a hard-to-find ticket. Football practitioners in China should cherish this fire, not anger. (End)

　　Henan college entrance examination reform plan was released and started in autumn of 2018.

　　College entrance examination in 2021: foreign language test twice regardless of arts and sciences.

　　Exam subjects: 3 optional subjects except language number.

　　In Henan college entrance examination in 2021, the division of arts and sciences will be abolished, and the total score of the college entrance examination will be 3 national unified examination subjects +3 selected examination subjects for high school level examination. Foreign languages will provide two examination opportunities and the listening test content will be increased … … Under the expectation of everyone, yesterday, the reform plan of Henan entrance examination was finally officially unveiled. In 2018, our province will start to implement a new comprehensive reform plan for college entrance examination, that is to say, senior one students who enter school in the autumn of the following year will become the first batch of "crab eaters" who take part in the new college entrance examination.

　　The plan revolves around the issues that everyone cares about, such as "what to change and how to change", from general education, vocational education, continuing education to higher education, from examination, admission to management, and the corresponding system design is carried out as a whole, and the reform timetable and road map are planned. Zhengzhou Evening News invited industry experts who participated in the formulation of the "Program" to make a detailed interpretation for the majority of candidates and parents.

　　Zhengzhou Evening News reporter Zhang Jingyu

　　Interpreter:

　　Wang Jidong, Director of Student Affairs Department of Provincial Education Department.

　　Liu Linya, Director of the Second Division of Basic Education, Provincial Education Department

　　Du Ximin, Deputy Director of Provincial Admissions Office

　　Time: fully launched in 2018

　　Our province will start the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination enrollment system in 2018, which means that the first-year students in our province who are newly enrolled in the fall of 2018 will welcome the "new college entrance examination" in 2021. The "3+3" mode is adopted in the examination, which means that the total score of candidates consists of three subjects of Chinese, mathematics and foreign language (including foreign language listening) in the unified college entrance examination and three subjects of high school level examination selected by candidates themselves. In terms of admission, it is a common practice in developed countries and the direction of this reform to explore the reform of voluntary reporting and investment admission with professional priority.

　　Analysis:

　　Why start the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination in 2018?

　　The reason why it is scheduled to start in 2018 is mainly based on the fact that by 2017, the pilot cycle of a senior high school student can only be completed by the pilot of "one province and one city". For a province with a large source of students like Henan, the task of development is already very heavy, and the reform must be extremely cautious. By then, the reform experience that Henan can learn from will be more mature, which is crucial to ensure the smooth promotion of the reform of the examinee enrollment system in Henan and even the whole country. At the same time, it also provides more ample preparation time for our province.

　　At present, 25 provinces and cities across the country have announced reform plans.

　　■ Policy interpretation

　　What is the new model of "3+3" college entrance examination?

　　Arts and sciences are no longer divided into subjects, and "3+3" is the new model of college entrance examination in the future. The so-called "3+3" model means that the total score of candidates consists of three subjects of Chinese, mathematics and foreign language (including foreign language listening) in the unified college entrance examination and three subjects of high school academic level examination selected by candidates themselves. Among them, the scores of Chinese, mathematics and foreign languages in the unified college entrance examination remain unchanged. Foreign language subjects provide two test opportunities to increase the content of listening test, and candidates can choose the higher test score to count. According to the requirements of applying for colleges and universities and their own specialties, candidates choose three subjects from six subjects, including ideological and political, history, geography, physics, chemistry and biology, as the examination subjects.

　　In particular, it is worth mentioning that, in terms of admission, it is a common practice in developed countries to explore the reform of volunteering and filing admission methods with professional priority, which is also the direction of this reform.

　　How to change the academic proficiency test?

　　The reform of our province’s academic level examination will be tried out in 2017, and it will be officially implemented from the first grade of ordinary high schools enrolled in the fall of 2018, and the results will be presented in grades. The examination is divided into qualified examination and optional subject examination included in the total score of college enrollment.

　　The scope of the qualification examination covers the compulsory contents of all subjects in senior high schools stipulated by the state. The selected subjects are selected by candidates from ideological and political, history, geography, physics, chemistry, biology and other subjects according to the requirements of colleges and universities and their own specialties. The examination scope covers the compulsory and elective contents of all selected subjects.

　　The two major types of examinations are unified in the province, including unified proposition, unified examination, unified organization of marking and unified announcement of results. The results will be used as the main basis for the graduation of ordinary high school students and the recognition of high school equivalent, and the results of all subjects will be provided to enrollment universities.

　　What’s the use of passing exam results?

　　Ordinary high school students, students in other schools in high school stage, students with ordinary high school status, and those who apply for the same academic qualifications in ordinary high schools should take the qualification examination. Once a year, the exam will be held at the end of the last semester of each academic year, covering all subjects. Students have two exams for the same subject during their school days, and they can take one exam in the second and third stages of high school (including make-up exams). If students take multiple exams in the same subject, the higher score will prevail. Long-term effective grades are an important reference for independent enrollment in higher vocational colleges in our province.

　　How to choose the exam subjects?

　　The selected subjects will be arranged at the end of the next semester of senior three, and will be tested together with the unified college entrance examination in June, and will be conducted after the three subjects (except languages) of the college entrance examination. Once the selected subjects are determined, they shall not be changed.

　　Each student has an opportunity to take an exam, and students from other schools and social workers in senior high school take the elective subject exam with senior three students in ordinary senior high schools. The qualified test scores of the selected subjects must be qualified, and unqualified subjects shall not be selected as the selected subjects.

　　The examination results of qualified elective subjects are valid in the current year, and are converted into corresponding scores and included in the total scores of college enrollment, which is one of the basis for college enrollment.

　　According to the requirements of discipline construction and professional training, colleges and universities should put forward the requirements for students to choose the subjects and the methods for comprehensive quality evaluation, and announce them to the public in advance.

　　Illustration of Henan Province’s High-tech Policy Reform ①

　　(1) What does the unified college entrance examination take?

　　The subject scores remain unchanged, reducing the current "comprehensive literature" and "comprehensive science" examination subjects. The content of the examination will further enhance the foundation and comprehensiveness, and strengthen the ability of students to think independently and use what they have learned to analyze and solve problems.

　　Chinese

　　There are three exam subjects.

　　foreign language

　　mathematics

　　foreign language

　　Provide two exam opportunities

　　Increase the content of listening test

　　The total score of candidates

　　Unify the scores of Chinese, mathematics and foreign languages (including foreign language listening) in the college entrance examination.

　　Test scores of three elective subjects in high school academic level. (Selected subjects: Students can choose 3 subjects independently from 6 subjects, including ideological and political, history, geography, physics, chemistry and biology. )

　　Qualification examination

　　(2) Academic proficiency test subjects

　　The scope covers the compulsory content of all subjects in senior high school stipulated by the state, and students should study each course carefully.

　　Elective subjects

　　According to the requirements of colleges and universities and their own specialties, candidates independently choose three subjects from ideological and political, history, geography, physics, chemistry, biology and other subjects, and the examination scope covers the compulsory and elective contents of the selected subjects.

　　(3) Examination time

　　Qualification examination: arranged once a year, the examination will be held at the end of last semester of each academic year, covering all subjects. Students can take the exam once each in Grade Two and Grade Three (including make-up exams).

　　Elective subject examination: the time is arranged at the end of the next semester of senior three, and it will be taken together with the unified college entrance examination in June, and will be taken after the three subjects (except languages) of the college entrance examination. Once the selected subjects are determined, they shall not be changed.

　　(4) Number of examinations

　　During the period of school, students can take two qualified exams and one elective subject exam in the same subject.

　　Students in ordinary high schools are required to take the academic proficiency test. Students from other schools and social workers in high school can also sign up. Students, former students and social workers transferred from outside the province must take the elective subject examination organized by our province to participate in the college entrance examination.

　　(5) Examination results

　　According to the proportion of the number of people, the scores of the qualified examination are divided into

　　A B C D E five grades.

　　The test scores of selected subjects are divided into 5 grades, ranking from high to low.

　　The proportion of people at all levels of A B C D E is as follows:

　　Among them, the E grade is unqualified, and the proportion is not more than 5% in principle.

　　A 15%

　　B 30%

　　C 30%

　　D+E 25%

　　A 15%

　　B 30%

　　C 30%

　　D+E 25%

　　Only when the qualification examination reaches Grade D and above can you obtain the qualification of the corresponding elective subjects.

　　■ Policy interpretation

　　Admission is based on "two bases and one reference"

　　In the new college entrance examination reform scheme, the focus of the reform is to implement a comprehensive evaluation scheme of "two bases and one reference" for college entrance examination admission. The so-called "two bases, one reference" refers to the enrollment and admission mechanism based on the unified college entrance examination results, the high school academic level test results, and the comprehensive quality evaluation of students.

　　In addition, it is one of the key points of this reform to merge and reduce the enrollment batches of colleges and universities, so that students can choose suitable majors and schools from their interests and specialties. From 2017, our province will merge three batches of undergraduate courses with two batches of undergraduate courses, and gradually reduce the number of ordinary undergraduate courses.

　　Was there a transitional policy before the reform?

　　From 2016, the scope of parallel volunteer’s application will be expanded from the first batch and the second batch of ordinary college entrance examinations to the third batch of undergraduate courses and ordinary college admission batches (except for arts, sports, military, etc. in advance), so as to reduce the risk of candidates applying for the exam and improve the voluntary satisfaction rate. Starting from 2017, three batches of undergraduate courses and two batches of undergraduate courses will be jointly admitted, and the number of ordinary undergraduate courses will be gradually reduced.

　　■ Future development

　　The specific plan will be announced in 2018

　　According to reports, the Ministry of Education approved 17 provinces (autonomous regions) such as Henan to start the comprehensive reform of the examination enrollment system of ordinary colleges and universities in 2018, and the specific reform plan will be announced to the public in 2018. In addition, it will increase the opportunities for candidates in our province to receive high-quality higher education, gradually increase the number of rural students entering key universities, reduce and strictly standardize the extra points for college entrance examination, improve the enrollment methods for primary and secondary schools, and narrow the enrollment gap between regions, urban and rural areas and schools.

　　The Implementation Plan of Reducing and Standardizing the Items and Scores of College Entrance Examination in Henan Province was released last year. Next, our province will orderly introduce supporting reform plans such as comprehensive reform of college entrance examination enrollment system, high school level examination, and comprehensive quality evaluation of high school students.

　　Classified examination will become the main channel for higher vocational college enrollment.

　　The examination enrollment in higher vocational colleges is relatively separated from that in ordinary colleges, and the evaluation method of "cultural quality+vocational skills" is implemented. Graduates from secondary vocational schools (including technical schools) apply for higher vocational colleges and take part in the test of combining cultural foundation with professional skills. Ordinary high school graduates apply for higher vocational colleges, take part in vocational adaptability tests, and use high school academic level test scores for cultural quality scores, with reference to comprehensive quality evaluation.

　　Improve the enrollment method of individual examination in higher vocational colleges and gradually expand its enrollment scale. After 2017, classified examination enrollment will become the main channel for higher vocational colleges to enroll students. Students can still take the unified college entrance examination and enter higher vocational colleges.

　　Compulsory education in district system and nine years of consistent counterpart enrollment.

　　On the basis of compulsory education, we will try out district system and nine-year consistent counterpart enrollment methods. Optimize the allocation of educational resources, promote the balanced development of compulsory education, narrow the gap between regions, urban and rural areas and schools, and resolve the contradiction of choosing schools for admission.

　　Deepen the reform of the examination enrollment system in senior high schools, and gradually establish an enrollment system in senior high schools based on the examination results of junior high school level and comprehensive quality evaluation; Implement the enrollment method of reasonably allocating the enrollment places of high-quality schools to junior high schools in the region, and the allocation places shall not be lower than the proportion stipulated by the Ministry of Education; Improve the recruitment system and standardize the recruitment behavior.

　　Illustration of Henan Province’s High-tech Policy Reform ②

　　(6) What are the contents of the comprehensive evaluation of senior high school students?

　　Our province will try out the comprehensive quality evaluation of ordinary high school students from 2017, and the first-year ordinary high school students who entered school in the fall of 2018 will be officially implemented.

　　Comprehensive quality evaluation

　　Includes five aspects.

　　● Ideological and moral character: it mainly examines students’ performance in loving the party and patriotism, ideals and beliefs, honesty and trustworthiness, kindness and friendliness, responsibility and obligation, and law-abiding.

　　● Academic level: it mainly examines students’ basic knowledge, basic skills and ability to use knowledge to solve problems.

　　● Physical and mental health: mainly examine students’ lifestyle, physical exercise habits, physical function, sports skills and psychological quality.

　　● Artistic accomplishment: It mainly examines students’ aesthetic feeling, understanding, appreciation and performance of art..

　　● Social practice: it mainly examines students’ hands-on operation and experience in social life.

　　(7) What is the basis for college enrollment?

　　Two bases

　　A reference

　　● Colleges and universities will unify the results of the college entrance examination and the high school level examination according to the candidates.

　　● Select students according to their comprehensive quality evaluation.

　　(eight) the admission method has changed, and the reform is divided into three steps.

　　Low undergraduate and junior college general admission batches are all implemented in parallel volunteer. Our province continues to implement the unified college entrance examination results after the announcement of candidates to fill in their volunteers.

　　● Three batches and two batches of undergraduate courses will be admitted together, and the number of ordinary undergraduate courses will be gradually reduced.

　　first step

　　Starting from 2016, three batches of undergraduate students enrolled in the general college entrance examination and three batches of general admission to specialized colleges will try out the parallel volunteer filing method.

　　Second step

　　From 2017 onwards, three batches of undergraduate courses and two batches of undergraduate courses will be admitted together, and the number of ordinary undergraduate courses will be gradually reduced.

　　Third step

　　Accelerate the reform of candidates’ voluntary reporting mode and admission method based on their total scores, professional aspirations and learning specialties.

　　(9) candidates’ right to choose is expanded.

　　● The choice of examination methods is increased. Candidates can choose to enroll students in the unified college entrance examination according to their actual situation, or they can choose to enroll students in the classified examinations of vocational colleges, or they can also enroll students in the national independent enrollment pilot universities.

　　● The choice of examination subjects has significantly increased the number of examination subjects included in the total enrollment scores of colleges and universities. Students can choose three subjects from six subjects, including ideological and political, history, geography, physics, chemistry and biology, and there are 20 choice combinations, which can better meet the students’ development of their own academic specialties and interests, and change the current situation of choosing one from two in liberal arts.

　　(ten) to promote the classification examination of higher vocational colleges.

　　● Higher vocational colleges (including junior colleges)

　　Examination enrollment is relatively separated from ordinary colleges and universities, and the evaluation method of "cultural quality+vocational skills" is implemented.

　　● Graduates from secondary vocational schools (including technical schools) apply for higher vocational colleges.

　　Take the test of combining cultural foundation with professional skills.

　　● Ordinary high school graduates apply for higher vocational colleges.

　　Take the occupational adaptability test, use the high school academic level test scores for the cultural quality scores, and refer to the comprehensive quality evaluation.

　　■ Everyone talks.

　　Wang Hongxi, Associate Professor of Heda University:

　　Get rid of the "one test for life"

　　This reform can be regarded as the most comprehensive, systematic and comprehensive reform since the resumption of the college entrance examination, which will have a far-reaching impact on China’s basic education teaching practice, talent selection model and talent training in colleges and universities. Its purpose is to get rid of the disadvantages and crux of the development of basic education in our province caused by "only score theory" and "one exam for life", and finally realize educational fairness and promote scientific talent selection.

　　Dr. Huang Siji, Department of Education, anyang normal University:

　　"Forcing" Colleges and Universities to Accelerate Specialty Construction

　　The reform will "force" colleges and universities to explore and establish an enrollment model suitable for their own characteristics, and will also "force" colleges and universities to speed up the "specialty construction", and inspire colleges and universities to unswervingly take the road of connotative development and build strength and innovative development models with "professional development" as the core.

　　Forced junior high schools and primary schools to implement new ideas. China has implemented the new curriculum reform since 2001. Because the college entrance examination system has not been reformed, some places are still unwilling to reform. This reform will inspire schools in compulsory education to further change their educational concepts and innovate education and teaching management models and enrollment models.

　　Chen Baoxin, Henan Basic Education Teaching Research Office:

　　The evaluation is more comprehensive and the operation is simpler.

　　The new method makes it clear that the content of students’ comprehensive quality evaluation is divided into five aspects: ideological and moral character, academic level, physical and mental health, artistic accomplishment and social practice, and the key points of each aspect are clarified. At the same time, before the change, the comprehensive quality evaluation should be based on the evaluation contents and standards, and students should be divided into different grades through self-evaluation, peer evaluation, class evaluation and other links. It is emphasized that students should record and organize themselves through basic procedures such as realistic recording, sorting and selection, public review, and file formation. Except for a few evaluation contents such as academic proficiency tests, grades are generally not divided. The evaluation content is more comprehensive, the operation is simpler, and the management is more credible.

　　郑州航院招生就业处处长陶文信：

　　倒逼院校提升办学质量

　　以前招生只是按文理科分类，实行“3+3”后，就不同了。高校招生自主权扩大，整个录取由原来的被动变成主动。学生的选择权也随之加大，譬如，在选考时，只需选择高校、专业要求的相应科目即可。在如今文理分科的制度下，学生就只有两种选择，要么政史地，要么理化生。

　　合并录取批次，可倒逼院校提升办学质量。当前二本和三本分批次录取，二本院校不管教学质量如何，一般都能录到二本线以上的学生，三本院校即使办学质量很好，但也大多都在二本线下录取。明年二、三本批次合并后，教学质量好的三本院校就有可能比二本院校录取情况还好，这样一来，二本院校必须努力提升办学质量，才能保证生源。三本院校与二本院校在同一个起跑线上，在获得更多机会的同时，也需花更大的功夫提升办学质量。

　　Ms. Kong’s 8-month-old child in Tianjin developed a small pimple on her stomach after swimming, and was diagnosed with contagious molluscum. She went to the hospital every one or two weeks and was completely cured in more than three months.

　　With parent-child swimming becoming more and more popular with young parents, swimming like Ms. Kong’s children is infected with various diseases, and even babies are in danger of drowning. A survey by Xinhua Viewpoint reporter found that many parents-child swimming classes, which cost hundreds of thousands of dollars at a time, lack qualified coaches, and the health management of swimming pools is chaotic, and the safety of children is not guaranteed.

　　Parent-child swimming blooms everywhere, and a class costs hundreds to thousands of dollars.

　　A reporter from a water education early education hall in Guangzhou saw that there was a pool of about 8 square meters in the middle of the water education hall, and there were two small swimming pools next to it. There were swimming AIDS such as neck rings, pillows and underarm rings in the hall. According to the person in charge of the swimming pool, children aged 0 to 6 can come to swim.

　　Parent-child swimming pools like this are blooming everywhere in major cities. The reporter visited many parent-child swimming institutions in Chengdu and Guangzhou and learned that the general courses are divided into group classes and private classes. Group class is a class where a coach leads many parents and children together, and the general charge is above 300 yuan per hour; Private classes are one-on-one teaching, and the tuition is relatively more expensive, usually thousands of dollars an hour.

　　Swimming institutions offer a wide variety of courses. The Australian "WWSS" course shown to reporters by a staff member of a large parent-child swimming pool in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, shows that through learning, the baby can strengthen the ability of primitive reflex, hand-eye coordination and learn body control and breathing control. "The goal is to let the baby really learn to swim and fall in love with swimming. Our youngest here came to class 15 days after birth. " The staff member said.

　　It is understood that the courses of most parent-child swimming institutions are packaged and sold. The reporter saw in the investment list of "Yourui International Parent-child Swimming" that, taking Beijing as an example, the average unit price per class hour is 350 yuan according to the membership standard, and the average annual class hour per student is 40 class hours. Some parent-child swimming institutions in Guangzhou start selling at least 58 class hours, which means that parents invest at least about 20 thousand yuan at a time, and there are 70 thousand yuan or 80 thousand yuan in expensive class bags.

　　Changing water in the swimming pool cannot be guaranteed, and auxiliary equipment can be used at will.

　　Many parent-child swimming pools have advertised slogans such as "Enhance the baby’s physique from the root", "Children who swim for a long time have high immunoglobulin index in their blood", "Parent-child swimming makes babies less sick" and "Swimming is the only independent exercise that can start from the age of 0", and some institutions have also publicized the concept of "implanting foreign parent-child swimming concept".

　　"Parent-child swimming is just a normal exercise. Children’s swimming can really promote development and growth to a certain extent, but it does not have those exaggerated effects. Babies under 1 year old are very weak and still in the initial development. It is not recommended to start swimming too early. " Zhu Hua, chief pediatrician of Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, said.

　　Zhou Weihang, a former national swimmer, told reporters that many parents believe in the propaganda of some organizations and hope to achieve some unrealistic results through swimming. In fact, the main purpose of parent-child swimming is not to teach children to swim, but to explore each other and establish deeper parent-child feelings during swimming.

　　Hygiene is the most concerned issue in parent-child swimming. Some parents reported that although many swimming pools promised to change water every day, they could not guarantee it and were not supervised. In a large parent-child swimming pool in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, the staff said that it was disinfected and replenished with new water every day. When the reporter asked whether to change the water every day, the staff vaguely said that the whole pool is close to 100 square meters, and it will take a long time to change it all, unless there are really children urinating in it, the water will be changed temporarily. "Changing the water will affect the course arrangement, and it is very troublesome to send a notice temporarily."

　　In order to prevent children from urinating in the water, the swimming pool will require children to wear waterproof diapers. The reporter saw in a parent-child swimming pool in Guangzhou that a warning paper was posted by the pool: "Any child who urinates in the pool will be fined 360 yuan." There are three children about one year old swimming in the big pool, and none of them are wearing waterproof diapers.

　　There are also many bath towels in swimming pools that also have health hazards. Ms. Kong told the reporter that the child was looking for the cause of the illness after he got sick. The doctor said that the child might have been exposed to unclean bath towels. Infectious molluscum is mainly transmitted through direct contact, and many patients are infected in public bathrooms or swimming pools.

　　In addition, security risks can not be ignored. Some parent-child swimming pools are quite casual in the use of baby swimming AIDS. A staff member of a swimming pool in Guangzhou told reporters that there is no uniform standard for children to use auxiliary swimming equipment. Generally, they wear neck rings for less than 6 months, pads for more than 6 months, and underarm rings for more than 2 years old.

　　Zhou Weihang introduced that the neck ring is easy to cause certain damage to the child’s spine. The children’s bones did not harden six months ago, and it is easy to hurt the spine with the neck ring, which poses a safety hazard. In May last year, a July-old boy in Fuzhou drowned in a swimming pool wearing a sitting swimming ring. Fortunately, the child was not life-threatening after being sent to hospital.

　　"Some informal swimming pools have misunderstandings about parent-child swimming, and the methods are more radical. They want to teach in a few months, and the curriculum is unreasonable, which does not meet the physical development of small babies." The coach of a parent-child swimming pool in Chengdu said.

　　Emerging industries urgently need to establish health and safety standards.

　　The reporter learned that at present, the opening of the parent-child swimming pool only needs to register a business license, and there are no standards such as health inspection and personnel requirements, and there is no clear supervision.

　　Coach is an important guarantee for children’s safety. The reporter learned in the investigation that some parent-child swimming pools claim to learn from foreign countries in their coaching training methods, but many of them have no qualifications at all. "Some parent-child swimming pools have almost zero threshold for recruiting employees. Some are kindergarten aunts who are recruited to be coaches of parent-child swimming. How to ensure the safety of children?" An industry insider in Chengdu said.

　　Shen Yong, head coach of a parent-child swimming pool in Guangzhou, said that there is no uniform standard for parent-child swimming pools in China at present, and it depends entirely on industry self-discipline. "For coach specifications, each swimming pool generally sets its own standards." Some standardized swimming pools require coaches to obtain lifeguard certificates and swimming social sports instructor certificates, and at the same time, they must be trained as parent-child swimming teachers for infants before they can take up their posts.

　　Chen Yunde, director of the Complaints and Consultation Department of Sichuan Consumer Protection Committee, said that parent-child swimming is a new industry, and it is urgent to formulate clear standards in sanitation and disinfection, personnel qualifications and safety management to ensure the safety of infants and young children. People in the industry call for speeding up the guidance and establishment of industry self-discipline standards, such as coach training mode and the threshold for recruiting students, so as to make this emerging industry develop healthily and orderly.

　　Zhu Hua and other experts said that parents should treat parent-child swimming correctly, and focus on parent-child interaction, instead of seeking to let babies learn swimming skills quickly.

　　(According to Xinhua News Agency, Chengdu, April 4 th)