标签： 武汉男人网

Ma Qi Lin

Professor, Zhejiang Gongshang University Law School

Zou Mengqiu

Master student of Zhejiang Gongshang University Law School

principal items

First, the meaning and development model of business environment

Second, the priority of scientific and technological innovation in the Yangtze River Delta g60 science and technology corridor construction

Third, the development opportunity brought by the signing of rcep for the construction of g60 Science and Technology Corridor

Fourth, the main challenges faced by g60 Science and Technology Corridor in docking rcep

V. Countermeasures and suggestions for g60 Science and Technology Corridor Construction in Yangtze River Delta under the influence of rcep

As a comprehensive, modern, high-quality and mutually beneficial regional free trade agreement, the signing of rcep marks the official launch of a free trade zone covering one third of the world economy, with the largest number of members and the most potential for development, which brings opportunities and challenges to the development of China’s state-owned business environment. The construction of g60 Science and Technology Corridor in the Yangtze River Delta has made the economic development in the Yangtze River Delta region form a unique business environment model dominated by scientific and technological innovation. From the perspective of the planning and construction of g60 Science and Technology Corridor in the Yangtze River Delta, this paper analyzes the opportunities and challenges of rcep in the development of China’s state-owned business environment, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the challenges.

First, the meaning and development model of business environment

A good business environment in emerging markets not only helps enterprises to carry out market-oriented economic activities, promote the effective flow of processing elements of emerging products, and promote the economic development of emerging industrial product processing enterprises, but also helps to promote the healthy and vigorous development of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics. Some scholars believe that the business environment consists of various important factors that may directly promote China’s rapid economic growth, such as "climate, geography, economic development policies, history and socio-economic development". At the same time, some scholars sum up the improvement of China’s business environment as the relevant laws and policies used by the state or an administrative region to promote and regulate commercial activities, and put the complexity of legal supervision process, the completeness of laws and regulations system and the transparency of local government information disclosure into the concept of business environment. At present, the most convincing business environment assessment system is the Business Environment Report issued by the World Bank. According to the comprehensive environmental assessment standard of the World Bank’s Business Environment Report, the business environment refers to "a lot of time and labor costs required by an enterprise in starting a company, applying for a construction supervision license, obtaining public electricity, registering personal property, obtaining commercial credit, paying taxes, cross-border service trade, performing contracts, handling enterprise bankruptcy and so on". In the practice of optimizing the business environment, Singapore, Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Tianjin and other regions in China have developed a unique business environment model, which has certain reference significance for optimizing the business environment of g60 Science and Technology Corridor in the Yangtze River Delta.

Singapore: Priority Mode of Rule of Law

Singapore’s public administration management policies and legal systems are relatively complete, with a sound litigation system and a better intellectual property protection system in the world, which provides a strong guarantee for the development of intellectual property rights in Singapore. A sound legal system, a fair and just judicial trial system, a law enforcement system for the people, and citizens’ good awareness of abiding by the law have formed an excellent legal environment in Singapore, which plays an important role in encouraging immigrants and introducing high-level talents. A sound and complete judicial trial system also provides a strong guarantee for the protection of citizens’ legitimate rights and interests.

Hong Kong, China: Internationalization Priority Mode

As one of the "Four Little Dragons" of Asian economic development, and a world-famous offshore financial center and free port, Hong Kong has always maintained an open and transparent business environment to promote economic activities. Hong Kong is connected with many important markets in the region. It has an absolute geographical advantage, occupies the best business stronghold and has a far-sighted international vision. As a prosperous business center in the Asia-Pacific region, Hong Kong has provided a highly secure and robust regulatory system for banking, securities and futures, insurance and retirement plans with reference to international best operating models and standards. Hong Kong’s advanced commercial infrastructure, international commercial transportation, international logistics and communication, public services for the people, municipal construction, urban management and road planning have all promoted Hong Kong to become a high-level international financial center.

Shenzhen, China: Efficiency Priority Mode

Shenzhen regards the construction of smart cities as an important starting point for deepening reform, optimizing business environment and enhancing people’s well-being, and has launched a series of reform measures to improve the efficiency of government services and market operation. The information sharing and reuse of personal electronic application license and other electronic application materials have been strengthened, and the function of "second report" (non-inductive quick application) of electronic declaration has been introduced, that is, on the basis of mutual trust, mutual use and mutual recognition of data, the application materials are directly retrieved by the application system to automatically fill in the relevant information of the application form, thus realizing the whole process of government affairs handling without meeting, zero running and full automation.

Tianjin, China: Convenience Priority Mode

Tianjin takes promoting steady economic development, improving financial service system, gathering high-tech industries, and standardizing legal operation as its development strategic goals, and taking investment convenience and trade convenience as its starting point, it actively promotes the "one-line operation" of registration matters such as enterprise start-up, change and cancellation, expands the application of electronic business licenses, and simplifies the procedures for canceling enterprises to optimize enterprise start-up services. By enhancing the convenience of online government services, improving the ability level of government services, and promoting the development of the platform of "one government, one network", the government’s government service level has been improved. By enhancing the convenience of cross-border trade, improving the convenience of enterprise financing and improving the efficiency of obtaining water and gas, we will create a dynamic market environment.

G60 Science and Technology Corridor in Yangtze River Delta: Priority Mode of Scientific and Technological Innovation

The g60 Science and Technology Corridor along the Yangtze River Delta has become one of the regions with the most vitality in China’s economic development and the highest degree of urban economy and modernization in the world. It is an economic and trade highland that promotes the change of China’s economic system and is the main driving force for implementing the development ideas in the new era and leading the construction of innovative demonstration zones. G60 Science and Technology Corridor in the Yangtze River Delta should fully absorb Singapore’s rule of law priority model, Hong Kong’s internationalization priority model, Tianjin’s convenience priority model and Shenzhen’s efficiency priority model, and give full play to its own advantages to create a business environment model featuring scientific and technological innovation on the basis of enhancing the legal protection of the business environment and improving the internationalization, convenience and efficiency of the business environment. G60 Science and Technology Corridor in Yangtze River Delta is committed to transforming traditional advantageous industries and developing high-tech industries, making full use of the advantages of industrial innovation, improving the level of scientific and technological innovation, cultivating the real economy and advanced manufacturing highlands, and providing a unique business environment for building the scientific and technological innovation center of Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration.

Second, the priority of scientific and technological innovation in the Yangtze River Delta g60 science and technology corridor construction

As one of the regions with the fastest sustained economic development, the highest level of openness and innovation and the best independent research and development capability in China, the Yangtze River Delta region has an important position and function in the stable development pattern of the national economy. Solidly promoting the integration process of Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui plays an important role in promoting the high-quality economic development of the entire Yangtze River Economic Belt. Since the 13th Five-Year Plan, the construction of g60 Science and Technology Corridor has gone through the "triple jump" of version 1.0, version 2.0 and version 3.0, extending from version 1.0 of "Shanghai Songjiang Science and Technology Corridor" founded in May 2016 to version 2.0 of "Shanghai Jiahang g60 Science and Technology Corridor" and then to version 3.0 of the Yangtze River Delta g60 Science and Technology Corridor which runs through "three provinces, one city and nine cities in the Yangtze River Delta", gradually deepening the integration of the Yangtze River Delta region. Version 3.0 of g60 Science and Technology Corridor in the Yangtze River Delta has unique advantages and conditions in promoting the flow of innovation factors, Industry-University-Research cooperation, and the integration of production and city development, which is of great significance to the optimization of business environment in the Yangtze River Delta region.

Promoting the flow of innovation elements with g60 Expressway as a link

G60 Science and Technology Corridor takes g60 Expressway as the link, connecting nine cities in series, namely Shanghai, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Jinhua, Suzhou, Huzhou, Xuancheng, Wuhu and Hefei. Based on the transportation network, it breaks down the administrative barriers among cities, so that innovative elements can flow freely among cities. Different from the previous construction of industrial parks by Shanghai enterprises in other places, g60 Science and Technology Corridor is a window for enterprises from all over the world to set up product R&D centers, product incubators and talent docking in Songjiang, while "R&D achievements and production links are transferred to Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui". Due to the difference of economic development level, there is a certain gap between the innovation ability and industrial development ability of the nine cities. As the core area of the Yangtze River Delta region, Shanghai is rich in high-end science and technology resources and platform advantages, and has an international high-quality living environment, which has the advantages of attracting high-end R&D talents in medical treatment, schooling, international exchange and air transportation. Innovation is also inseparable from the support of scientific research institutions. For some prefecture-level and county-level cities in g60 Science and Technology Corridor, the level of scientific research is relatively backward, while Songjiang District is rich in talents, technology, funds, devices, institutions, projects and other elements. The establishment of g60 Science and Technology Corridor makes the advantages of science and technology resources in Songjiang University Town not only in Songjiang area, but also continuously exported to the industrial production of cities along the g60 Science and Technology Corridor, transforming academic knowledge into practical technology.

Promoting Collaborative Innovation with "Industry-University-Research Cooperation" as the Carrier

G60 Science and Technology Corridor in the Yangtze River Delta vigorously promotes multi-agent collaborative innovation of specialized science and technology service platforms, research institutes and leading enterprises, which provides an important driving force for innovation-driven and transformational development in the Yangtze River Delta region. Scientific and technological innovation needs to give full play to the subjective initiative of innovation and research subjects. g60 Science and Technology Corridor gathers high-tech industries, which requires high scientific research capabilities of enterprises. The independent research and development capabilities of enterprises along g60 Science and Technology Corridor are uneven, and the "Industry-University-Research Cooperation" model of universities, enterprises, research institutions and science and technology platforms can form a joint force of scientific and technological innovation, which effectively makes up for the shortcomings of independent research and development within enterprises. G60 Science and Technology Innovation Corridor has built a "Industry-University-Research" collaborative innovation system. Colleges and universities give full play to their academic characteristics and dominant disciplines, strengthen basic research on scientific and technological innovation, carry out research and development on key technologies of industrial commonality, cultivate innovative talents, and jointly demonstrate their scientific research capabilities with research institutions and science and technology innovation platforms. Enterprises are responsible for applied research and technology development, and transform basic innovations into practical technologies to promote the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.

The leading corridor for the integration and development of production and city

The good business environment formed by the integration of production and city is conducive to promoting technological innovation and urban construction in this region. In the process of promoting the integration of production and city development, g60 Science and Technology Corridor adheres to the concept of "science and technology, humanity and ecology" and adheres to networking, service, synergy and intelligence. Through the network to promote the spatial organization of the integrated development of production cities, relying on the networked development of big data, we will gather innovative elements and promote innovative achievements. By promoting the synergy of information resources in cities and making full use of Internet information technology, we can effectively promote the integration and sharing of information resources in cities and realize accurate and coordinated urban governance. Through the intelligentization of government information, it provides multi-level, all-field and high-quality public services for the integration of production and city, promotes the disclosure of government information, and strengthens the coordination and cooperation between departments. By improving service, we will strive to build a scientific and technological innovation system, promote industrial transformation and upgrading, adjust industrial structure, and accelerate the integration and development of manufacturing and service industries. The cities along g60 Science and Technology Corridor adhere to the matching of urban planning and industrial development, take the government as the core, guide the development of high-tech industries through the improvement of urban functions, attract high-end talents to gather, and create an emerging industrial ecology.

Third, the development opportunity brought by the signing of rcep for the construction of g60 Science and Technology Corridor

Contribute to industrial technological innovation.

As one of the most economically developed regions in China, the rent and labor costs of enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta region are rising continuously, and industrial upgrading and transfer have become one of the important directions for the development of enterprises in this region. G60 Science and Technology Corridor in Yangtze River Delta aims to build an advanced corridor from China manufacturing to China creation, and a pilot corridor of double-wheel innovation in science and technology and system. Creating innovative industrial clusters efficiently and rationalizing industrial upgrading and industrial transfer are the development directions of g60 Science and Technology Corridor. The signing of rcep will make the Asia-Pacific region become the largest unified market in the world. The rich resources and markets in the Asia-Pacific region can largely reconstruct the layout direction of China’s industrial transfer, providing more transfer directions for the industrial transfer of g60 Science and Technology Corridor. At the same time, due to the opening of the market, it is bound to bring closer technical exchanges and provide a broader platform and technical conditions for the development of technology-intensive industries. Large-scale market is an important driving force for technological innovation of enterprises. The more investment and advanced technology are used for product innovation, the more large-scale market is needed to level R&D costs and build independent brands.

Contribute to the substantial improvement of the investment environment

Rcep has made provisions on tariff reduction, technical barriers, trade aid, investment and financing, services and trade, intellectual property rights, e-commerce and technical exchange, adhered to the principle of most-favoured-nation treatment, protected the free transfer of investors’ assets, enhanced investment convenience, improved trade freedom, compensated property losses caused by trade disputes, and improved the business environment of member States. With the increasing financial and policy support of local governments along g60 Science and Technology Corridor, the business environment in the Yangtze River Delta has been improved as a whole. The signing of rcep will become an important driving force for g60 Science and Technology Innovation Corridor to further develop its technological innovation advantages, and promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing, financial industry, Internet economy and other industries along the corridor. At the same time, the improvement of investment freedom and convenience also makes capital flow more convenient and free. Rcep has strengthened the financial supervision rules, which is of great significance for improving the transparency of capital flows and reducing the uncertainty of trade risks.

Contribute to the reconstruction of regional value chain.

Under the realistic background of "anti-climbing repression" in the global value chain, rcep regional value chain cooperation has not only found an "alternative scheme" for China manufacturing, but also helped to play a demonstration effect. The signing of rcep will greatly change the direction of China’s industrial layout, enhance China’s international status, and break the technical restrictions and trade containment of developed countries in Europe and America. From the supply side, the huge low-cost production environment brought by the signing of rcep can effectively undertake China’s low-end manufacturing industry and provide a broad industrial transfer environment for the reconstruction of China’s regional value chain. From the demand side, the trade of semi-finished products and end products is more and more inclined to rcep internal transactions.

Help people to move freely and conveniently.

Rcep regards the standardization of cross-border movement of natural persons as a separate chapter, and promotes the cross-border movement of personnel in member countries by standardizing and simplifying visa and business visit procedures, greatly reducing the cost of personnel movement. In a word, firstly, it has expanded the consumption market of each member, which is conducive to the expansion of g60 Science and Technology Corridor market and the development of the industry. The second is to provide a cheaper labor market. G60 Science and Technology Corridor is densely populated. Although it is committed to building technology-intensive industries, it also has a huge demand for basic labor. The signing of rcep will integrate the labor in all members and transfer the labor from surplus labor areas to shortage areas. The third is to provide technical talents. The innovation of science and technology is inseparable from high-level talents. The construction of g60 Science and Technology Corridor needs a large number of high-level talents. The signing of rcep has accelerated the flow of high-tech talents and promoted the development of high-tech industries in China.

Fourth, the main challenges faced by g60 Science and Technology Corridor in docking rcep

The signing of rcep has further opened up the new pattern and space of g60 Science and Technology Corridor in the Yangtze River Delta, which is of great significance to the construction of industrial chain, supply chain and value chain in the region, and has a positive effect on the optimization of business environment in cities along the region, but it also brings some new challenges, mainly including the following points.

The challenge of industrial structure adjustment and technological innovation

The rising value chain should have corresponding cutting-edge innovative technologies. At present, rcep is in the initial stage of development after signing, and the industrial cooperation of all members has not been deepened. The specific direction of China’s industrial adjustment has not yet been determined, and the technical containment has not been alleviated. Although rcep has made provisions on technical barriers, at present, for the sake of their own interests, the management and control of talents and technologies are still strict, and the elimination of technical barriers will not happen overnight. This also means that China still needs to rely on independent innovation to achieve technological breakthroughs in the short term, and the innovative technology development of g60 Science and Technology Corridor still needs to rely on independent research and development of cities along the corridor. At the same time, due to the lack of rapid technological innovation in a short period of time, it is difficult for China’s high-end industries to develop rapidly. The liberalization and facilitation of investment brought about by the signing of rcep will lead to a large number of low-end manufacturing capital flowing to other ASEAN developing countries, which may also directly lead to the "hollowing out" trend of China’s industrial structure.

Internal structural risk

The unbalanced internal development of rcep members enables them to complement each other in economic structure and industrial layout, but this complementarity also brings certain challenges to the business environment in China. China can reconstruct the regional value chain based on rcep, which will make China’s industrial structure climb to the high end of the value chain. However, the process of value chain climbing will inevitably affect the industrial interests of established developed countries, and these countries or regions will also hinder China’s value chain climbing, thus affecting China’s industrial structural transfer and high-quality economic development. As one of the most economically developed regions, the development of g60 Science and Technology Corridor is bound to be affected, which is not conducive to the development of happy technology industry in g60 Science and Technology Corridor. At the same time, as a low-end industrial chain, Southeast Asian countries are also committed to restructuring the regional value chain, and its rising regional value chain will also affect China’s industrial interests and hit China’s low-end manufacturing industry.

External competitive risk

Asia-Pacific economies have built most of the global free trade agreements, and also covered the central region of rcep. Because there are some differences in system and ideology among rcep members, even if countries can still reach an agreement on interest integration at present, the stability of the agreement is still uncertain. Even if the United States has not joined rcep, its influence on some signatories of rcep should not be underestimated. Once China’s high-quality economic development affects the interests of the United States in the Asia-Pacific region, it will use this influence to undermine rcep’s trade agreements. More importantly, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Brunei, Vietnam and Malaysia, which are members of rcep, are also members of cptpp. The disproportionate and complicated international trade agreements often have the risk of "spaghetti bowl" at the same time, that is, complex free trade rules and initiative standards may cause the trade burden of the corresponding members, and may also restrict the in-depth cooperation among the members.

V. Countermeasures and suggestions for g60 Science and Technology Corridor Construction in Yangtze River Delta under the influence of rcep

The signing of rcep not only brings opportunities to g60 Science and Technology Corridor in Yangtze River Delta, but also brings certain challenges. In order to better cope with the challenges and seize the opportunities, we should make a concrete analysis of specific issues.

Broaden the path of innovation and accelerate the reconstruction of regional value chain

Broadening the innovation path, improving the independent innovation ability of enterprises and accelerating the reconstruction of regional value chain are the keys to seize opportunities and meet challenges. First of all, g60 Science and Technology Corridor should open the market of high-tech products more actively, eliminate trade monopoly, actively introduce high-tech products from other developed countries in the agreement, and provide convenient conditions for the flow of innovation factors. Secondly, give full play to the synergy of g60 Science and Technology Corridor in Industry-University-Research, introduce enterprise R&D centers to promote the industrialization of scientific and technological innovation achievements, and gather high-tech enterprises and enterprise R&D centers to promote the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. In addition, g60 Science and Technology Corridor should aim at the world’s advanced technology, firmly grasp industrial innovation, focus on building new energy vehicles, new finance, artificial intelligence creation, life sciences and other technical industries, and guide the direction of regional and even world industrial chain and value chain reconstruction.

Practice the concept of community of human destiny and deal with internal structural risks through win-win cooperation.

What the community of human destiny shows is a world of "lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, development tolerance and common beauty". In the development of high-end industries, China, Japan and South Korea can aim at "common prosperity" and "openness and tolerance" and refine their cooperation in industrial division, that is, they can divide their industries in different segments of the same industry, and China can provide regional markets, and countries such as Japan and South Korea can provide technical support. Building a community of human interests peacefully takes the pursuit of national interests as the primary goal, taking into account the reasonable interests and concerns of other countries, and promoting common prosperity and harmonious development through mutual cooperation and mutual benefit and win-win in the process of exploring the path of common development between China and other countries. G60 Science and Technology Corridor should pay attention to the coordinated development of industrial transfer while transferring high-end industries, and at the same time open the corresponding regional markets.

Smooth the domestic circulation and build local brands to cope with external competitive risks

While adhering to the basic position and principle of high-quality and high-level opening up, China should pay more attention to tapping the potential of domestic demand, adhere to the domestic and international dual-cycle system, and take the domestic economic cycle as the main body. Under the background of the rise of trade doctrine and the shrinking of global market, it is particularly important to tap domestic demand and establish a huge and dynamic internal consumer market. The signing of rcep plays a significant role in improving the domestic business environment. At the same time, under the favorable policy situation, it has obvious advantages to actively build a unified and stable domestic market, and it also plays an important role in reducing the circulation cost and transaction cost of the domestic market. G60 Science and Technology Corridor should form a unique regional development advantage, make full use of the vast domestic market to achieve economies of scale, reduce production costs, build local brands with international competitiveness, and weaken the threat of external competitiveness.

Shangguan number author: Shanghai Law Society

　　It is the premise of reform and innovation to overcome difficulties and break the path.

　　For a long time, dripping water can wear away the stone, and seizing every minute is the essence of transformation and upgrading.

　　Learn from a painful experience, when it is broken, it will be broken, and the production capacity will open a new end of rebirth; Classified regulation, city-specific policies, destocking and releasing the new potential of traditional engines; Actively and steadily, keep the bottom line, and high leverage cannot grow willfully; Do a good job of subtraction and optimal addition, reduce costs and release new vitality in the market; Science and technology lead and innovation drive to fill the "wooden bucket" with water.

　　"Biting hard bones, fighting tough battles and moving cheese are the characteristics of the new round of reform." General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed during his inspection and investigation in Anhui: "The key point is to break the word and face difficulties, and to stimulate the motivation and let the people constantly have a sense of gain." At the 24th meeting of the Deep Reform Group, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader further emphasized that promoting structural reform on the supply side is an important test of the determination to comprehensively deepen reform. Reform is painful, but not reform is long-term pain. As long as we are sure of the reform, we must grasp it to the end in order to win.

　　Stretch to make up for each other’s shortcomings, be tenacious and strong, and make structural reforms on the supply side.

　　Improve quality and efficiency, involve in deep water, attack distant mountains, and "three to one, one to one, one to make up" to solve the problem.

　　Stay calm, hold color training, dance beautifully, and press the fast forward button for structural adjustment.

　　1,000 days of staying up all night in public, China’s reforms in various fields have been accelerating, and the supply-side innovation, balance, stability, mobility and innovation have been coordinated and concurrent. A series of colorful exercises are drawing a new blueprint for China’s economic transformation and upgrading.

　　Phoenix emerges from nirvana and becomes a butterfly.

　　"De-capacity" improves quality and efficiency with "transformative power"

　　The task of de-capacity is still arduous, and the determination cannot be shaken. As the Supreme Leader emphasized at the G-20 Hangzhou Summit, "China has the greatest strength and the most practical measures in terms of de-capacity, and it will do as it says."

　　De-capacity is the primary task of supply-side structural reform, and the coal and steel industries with serious overcapacity are the first to bear the brunt.

　　Affected by the slowdown of economic growth, the optimization of economic structure and the constraints of ecological environment, the demand for coal and steel in China has been slowing down in recent years, and the production capacity is seriously overcapacity, which has restricted the development of the industry.

　　According to the data of China Coal Industry Association, by the end of 2015, the total capacity of coal mines in China was 5.7 billion tons, but the consumption in the same period was only about 4 billion tons. With the "cliff-like decline" of coal prices, the total profit of coal enterprises above designated size in China last year was 44.08 billion yuan, shrinking by more than half, and the loss of the industry exceeded 90%.

　　The coal industry is also the hardest hit. According to the data of China Iron and Steel Industry Association, the current crude steel production capacity in China is about 1.2 billion tons, and the utilization rate is less than 67%. Steel prices continued to fall. In 2015, member steel enterprises realized a total profit loss of 64.534 billion yuan, accounting for more than half of the losses.

　　The industry generally reflects that the profit from selling one ton of coal can’t buy a bottle of drinks; Steel sold for cabbage price. There is a serious imbalance between supply and demand in the market, and de-capacity is imminent.

　　Learn from a painful experience, and when it is broken, it will be broken. Although de-capacity is as painful as a strong man’s broken wrist, the country’s determination to de-capacity is firm. In an exclusive interview with the People’s Daily, an authoritative person said that if the zombie enterprises are disposed of at a reduced capacity, those who are weaned will be weaned, and those who are cut off from loans will be cut off, and the "infusion tube" and "ventilator" will be resolutely unplugged.

　　The central government has clearly put forward the goal of reducing production capacity: starting from 2016, China will reduce crude steel production capacity by 100 million to 150 million tons in five years, and withdraw coal production capacity by about 500 million tons in three to five years, and reduce and reorganize it by about 500 million tons.

　　Staff placement is the key link to resolve excess capacity, and it is very important to do a good job in staff placement. The central government has repeatedly stressed that the resettlement of personnel should be the top priority in dealing with "zombie enterprises" and resolving excess capacity. Training that can be trained, transfer jobs that can be transferred, and those that can’t really transfer jobs should do the detailed work. To this end, the central government has arranged 100 billion yuan of special award funds, focusing on the resettlement of employees.

　　In addition, in order to solve the difficulties and pain points of excess capacity, in the first half of this year, eight major departments, including the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, and the China Banking Regulatory Commission, studied and formulated eight special supporting policy documents on issues such as fiscal and taxation financial support and employee placement. All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities have signed a "military order" to reduce production capacity, and those who fail to complete the task will be seriously held accountable.

　　With the support of policies, enterprises are determined to completely shut down excess capacity, and have achieved certain results. The data shows that from January to August this year, the national coal output decreased by about 10% year-on-year, and the operating conditions of coal enterprises improved. In the first half of this year, the national steel production capacity was more than 13 million tons, and about 30% of this year’s target tasks have been completed; The coal industry has withdrawn a total production capacity of 72.27 million tons, which is 29% of the annual target.

　　Classified regulation is based on city policy.

　　"destocking" releases potential with "balance"

　　In recent years, with the rapid development of China’s real estate, long-term accumulated problems and contradictions are increasingly apparent. The mismatch between supply structure and demand has caused a large backlog of inventory, and the serious urban differentiation has also become a prominent problem.

　　The data shows that in February 2016, the area of commercial housing for sale increased to 739.31 million square meters, reaching an all-time high. The construction area under construction will take at least five or six years to be digested, and these stocks are mainly concentrated in cities with sufficient land supply and less market demand.

　　The central government regards destocking as one of the five key tasks of supply-side structural reform. Since the beginning of this year, the state has made efforts from the supply side and successively issued a number of policies: vigorously develop the housing rental market, implement both purchase and rent, and allow real estate enterprises to lease housing to speed up destocking; At the same time, in terms of land supply, it is required to moderately increase the scale of land use in areas with tight housing supply and demand, reduce or even stop the supply of housing land in cities with high real estate inventory, and accurately destocking through sub-city policies.

　　Some cities with high inventory have also introduced measures according to local conditions to stimulate the release of demand. In the first half of this year, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian, Anhui and other 16 provinces issued supporting policies for destocking with different efforts, releasing new demand from land, housing lease and shantytown renovation.

　　With the joint efforts of various policies, the effect of real estate destocking has initially appeared. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, by the end of August this year, the area of commercial housing for sale nationwide was 708.7 million square meters, which has been reduced for six consecutive months, with a cumulative decrease of about 30 million square meters.

　　From the perspective of housing prices, since the beginning of this year, the real estate market in the third-and fourth-tier cities that are at the "freezing point" has achieved initial results. At the same time, the fiery property market has expanded from Guangzhou to Shenzhen at the beginning of the year to second-tier cities such as Nanjing, Suzhou, Hangzhou and Xiamen. The excessively rapid rise in housing prices will not only lead to the digestion of inventory, but also drive the investment enthusiasm of developers, and it is also necessary to be alert to the new inventory that may be brought.

　　To this end, according to the actual situation of the real estate market differentiation, the state requires adhering to classified regulation and taking measures according to the city. Since the beginning of this year, some first-and second-tier cities where house prices have risen too fast have stepped up regulation. First, the first-tier cities Shanghai and Shenzhen introduced the property market tightening policy; Then, the regulation of hot second-tier cities increased. In second-tier cities such as Xiamen, Hefei, Nanjing and Suzhou, the government has successively introduced regulation policies, or increased the down payment ratio, or restricted the number of housing units, or made new regulations on land auction.

　　In the last two months, the price increase in some cities has been falling, especially after some purchase restriction policies came out, and the previous consumption potential concentrated on releasing a number of housing demand. The price increase in first-tier cities and some second-tier cities has fallen back, and the previous upward trend has been initially contained.

　　Destocking is a protracted war, and the pressure still exists. De-stocking should be organically combined with orderly guiding the process of urbanization and the citizenization of migrant workers. Through the "de-stocking" of people’s urbanization, we should gradually improve the differentiated control policies with the central government taking macro and local as the main body.

　　Hold the bottom line and squeeze out the foam

　　"De-leverage" shows wisdom with "safety"

　　High leverage is becoming a lingering worry in China’s economic development. Some corporate bonds in the bond market have defaulted, housing prices in a few cities in the real estate market have risen too fast, and cases in the field of illegal fund-raising have been high. These new situations and problems are closely related to the high leverage ratio, and deleveraging is imperative.

　　"Trees can’t grow to the sky, and high leverage will inevitably bring high risks. If it is not well controlled, it will lead to a systemic financial crisis, which will lead to negative economic growth and even ruin the savings of ordinary people."

　　In an article in the People’s Daily on May 9, authorities stressed that the most important thing at present is to actively and steadily promote deleveraging in accordance with the requirements of supply-side structural reform. To de-leverage, we should not flood water at the macro level, break rigid redemption in the micro level in an orderly manner, deal with illegal fund-raising and other chaos according to law, and effectively regulate the market order.

　　It has become a consensus to abandon the idea of "flooding with water". Authoritative sources pointed out that "in the case that the marginal effect of monetary expansion to stimulate economic growth continues to decrease, we should completely abandon the illusion of trying to accelerate economic growth by loosening monetary overweight and reducing leverage."

　　In recent years, the central bank has always adhered to the stability and neutrality of monetary policy, and created a neutral and moderate monetary and financial environment for structural reform. The expected target of M2 this year is about 13%, which is still a sound arrangement.

　　The key to deleveraging lies in the enterprise, and the difficulty lies in the enterprise. According to the research data of the National Finance and Development Laboratory, by the end of 2015, the debt level of non-financial enterprises was relatively high, with the debt ratio as high as 156%. Especially in capital-intensive and overcapacity industries, due bonds appear intensively and financial risk exposure increases.

　　What should I do? Authoritative sources pointed out that enterprises that really cannot be saved should be resolutely closed, and those that go bankrupt should go bankrupt according to law. Do not engage in "debt-to-equity swap" or "pandering" restructuring.

　　Many experts told the People’s Daily reporter that in the process of deleveraging, we must follow the principles of marketization and legalization, and the government should play the role of market builder and social security. Among them, the supply of bankruptcy system is a key step for enterprises to deleverage and restore vitality. Li Shuguang, director of the Research Center for Bankruptcy Law and Enterprise Restructuring of China University of Political Science and Law, believes that this will help traders who break the market credit chain to leave in time.

　　In fact, it has always been a wise test to find the greatest common denominator of the market and promote reform as a whole. De-leveraging is a long and arduous process, which requires active, steady and precise policies. The central government clearly linked "deleveraging" and "de-capacity" with the basic reforms of state-owned enterprises and the financial sector. Specific to the case, it may be a feasible scheme that is considered together from the perspective of market, government and social stability and forms a consensus.

　　Do subtraction well and do addition well.

　　"Cost reduction" benefits entities with "action"

　　"Now the joint boarding inspection is completed once, and the annual cost saved for enterprises can reach more than 13 million yuan." The person in charge of Guangdong Sinotrans Shipping Agency Co., Ltd. said. Thanks to the "three mutual" customs clearance reform of the trinity of "land, water and network" in Dongguan, the costs of enterprises have gradually decreased and the market environment has become healthier.

　　Enterprises can be profitable and dynamic, and the economy can have lasting development momentum. As one of the five major tasks of supply-side structural reform, cost reduction has entered the stage of tackling difficulties, and the fundamental solution to the task of cost reduction depends on reform and innovation.

　　In recent years, the development of China’s real economy still faces high cost pressure in many fields. Most enterprises report that there are obvious problems such as "high institutional transaction cost", "high financing cost" and "heavy tax burden". According to the Report on the Survey and Evaluation of Enterprise Burden in 2015 issued by the SME Development Promotion Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, 79% of enterprises reported that "labor costs are rising rapidly" and 66% reported that "financing costs are high". In addition, the proportion of enterprises reflecting "heavy tax burden" and "difficulty in recruiting workers" reached 54% and 43% respectively.

　　In view of this, the central government regards cost reduction as one of the five major tasks of supply-side structural reform, and proposes to carry out actions to reduce the cost of enterprises in the real economy.

　　Since the beginning of this year, China’s cost reduction measures have been continuously enriched, covering decentralization, reducing corporate tax burden, reducing corporate financial costs, comprehensively starting the reform of the camp, reducing logistics costs, and reducing industrial and commercial electricity prices, so as to reduce the burden on enterprises in all directions. In August this year, the state issued the Work Plan for Reducing the Cost of Enterprises in the Real Economy, which made a comprehensive arrangement for reducing the cost of enterprises in the real economy in the coming period, and clearly stated that in about three years, the comprehensive cost of enterprises in the real economy will be reasonably reduced, their profitability will be significantly enhanced, and their industrial competitiveness will be further enhanced.

　　At the same time, local cost reduction programs are also being introduced intensively. According to statistics, at present, more than 20 provinces have formulated and introduced cost reduction work plans and targets in light of local actual conditions. Among them, Guangdong strives to reduce the burden on enterprises by 400 billion yuan by the end of this year, Tianjin is expected to reduce the burden on enterprises by more than 58 billion yuan each year, Jiangsu is expected to reduce the burden on enterprises by 100 billion yuan this year, Jiangxi is expected to reduce the burden on enterprises by 50 billion yuan, and Guizhou is expected to reduce the burden on enterprises by more than 70 billion yuan throughout the year … …

　　As an important part of supply-side structural reform, cost reduction not only requires the government to increase reform and innovation, but also requires enterprises to "take the initiative" and actively participate in it. The state strongly encourages and guides enterprises to tap their internal potentials, guides enterprise management innovation and lean production, and uses information technology to reduce costs; Strengthen the promotion of advanced technology and encourage enterprises to strengthen target cost management. Only when the external and internal forces are exerted at the same time can the cost be minimized.

　　It should be noted that the previous cost reduction policies and measures have begun to bear fruit. According to statistics, this year 1-mdash; In July, the cost per 100 yuan of main business income of industrial enterprises above designated size was 85.83 yuan, down 0.17 yuan year-on-year; The profit rate of main business income was 5.67%, up 0.19 percentage points year-on-year.

　　It takes a long time to reduce costs. On the basis of the previous cost reduction results, through the joint efforts of the government and enterprises, the implementation of the cost reduction plan will further reduce the cost of enterprises and inject more kinetic energy into the real economy.

　　Innovation drives thinning and bottoming.

　　"Make up the shortcomings" and lay a solid foundation with "innovation"

　　On September 15th, China launched the Tiangong-2 Space Laboratory with the Long March-2 FT2 rocket at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. (Photo by Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhen Zhenhua)

　　"Innovation is the first driving force for development. Grasping innovation means grasping development, and seeking innovation means seeking the future. The key to adapting to and leading the new normal of China’s economic development is to rely on scientific and technological innovation to transform the development momentum. "

　　In recent years, China’s technological innovations in high-performance computers, manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, mobile communication, quantum communication, Beidou navigation, manned deep diving, high-speed railways, aircraft carriers and other fields have provided strong support for China’s economic and social development. At the same time, we should also see that although the emerging science and technology industries are growing strongly, they are not enough to offset the slowdown of traditional industries, and the backward technical equipment and insufficient innovation ability of enterprises are still the weak links in China’s economic transformation and upgrading.

　　As an important part of the supply-side structural reform, the short board is to make up these short boards. The central government emphasizes that it is to improve the "barrel capacity" of China’s economy by deepening reform, implementing innovation-driven, expanding effective supply, promoting the concentration of innovative elements to enterprises, and accelerating innovation in technology, products and formats.

　　As General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Promote the sustained and healthy development of China’s economy and society, promote the supply-side structural reform, and implement ‘ Three go, one drop and one supplement ’ The task must be a fundamental change in the endogenous motivation and vitality to promote development, and shape more leading development driven by innovation and giving full play to the first-Mover advantage. "

　　Since the beginning of this year, many provinces in China have issued specific action plans to "fill the shortcomings" in supply-side reform, with an investment scale of more than one trillion. One of them is the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. For example, Guizhou has proposed that 70 billion yuan will be invested in technological transformation this year, while Sichuan has allocated 1 billion yuan of provincial industrial development funds for technical transformation and technological innovation subsidies. Shanghai proposes to strive to form a high-quality, sustainable and dynamic industrial development pattern by 2020.

　　On the other hand, we should vigorously develop strategic emerging industries. For example, Zhejiang mentioned that it should vigorously develop seven major industries, such as the core industry of information economy, financial industry and high-end equipment manufacturing industry; Guizhou will focus on the development of big data industry, and the development goal is that the total scale will increase by more than 20% annually. Shanghai said that it is necessary to give full play to the overall coordination role of Zhangjiang National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone, explore the establishment of cooperation and exchange mechanisms among industrial parks in this city, and better promote the project landing and industrial layout optimization.

　　If you have extraordinary merits, you must treat extraordinary people. "Talent is the foundation of innovation, and innovation-driven is essentially talent-driven." General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that whoever has first-class innovative talents will have the advantages and leading power of scientific and technological innovation. It is necessary to select and use the best talents in the world, implement a more active policy of introducing innovative talents, and gather a group of leading talents who stand at the forefront of science and technology in the industry and have international vision and ability. The important conclusion of the Supreme Leader General Secretary profoundly reveals the relationship between talents and innovation, points out the breakthrough and focus of innovation-driven development strategy, and needs to fill the shortcomings of innovation-driven talents in China.

　　In March this year, the Central Committee issued the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the System and Mechanism of Talent Development, proposing a number of measures to speed up the construction of a strong country with talents, to stimulate talents to innovate and create entrepreneurial vitality to the maximum extent, and to gather outstanding talents from all walks of life into the cause of the party and the state to provide strong talent support for realizing the goal of "two hundred years".

　　Since then, all parts of the country have also introduced relevant talent policies to reform the system and mechanism of talent development. A series of reform measures are put forward in the aspects of management system, introduction and use, training support, evaluation flow, incentive and guarantee, etc., so as to stimulate talent innovation and create entrepreneurial vitality to the maximum extent and provide strong talent support for innovation drive.

　　Innovation is an inexhaustible motive force for human development, and innovation is the soul of national progress. As long as we in Qi Xin work together to fill the shortcomings, implement the innovation-driven development strategy, build an innovative country, and unswervingly follow the road of strengthening the country through science and technology, we will surely realize the goal of China’s great national rejuvenation.

　　The five major tasks of "three to one, one reduction and one supplement" are the breakthrough of supply-side structural reform. Deepening reform in an all-round way is the fundamental driving force for promoting structural reform on the supply side.

　　"At present and in the future, it is the peak period for comprehensively deepening the reform and the crucial period for implementing the reform task. The task of grasping planning, overall planning and implementation is still arduous and arduous." Facing the future, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward new tasks and requirements at the 27th meeting of the Central Deep Reform Group.

　　"Only when it is difficult is it more brave; Only when it is done, it is precious. " Entering the "Wanshan Circle" of the new normal of economic development, when encountering problems, we must show the courage of "opening roads on every mountain and bridging bridges when encountering water". Only by vigorously deepening reforms in an all-round way can we "decorate this mountain and look better today".