标签： 武汉品茶上课

You may not have heard of the welfare model. It is a car brand specially tailored for the disabled, with more detailed functions. Many Japanese brands directly produce welfare cars from the original factory, and the price is relatively cheap, which greatly facilitates the travel of the disabled.

With the continuous advancement of technology and the increasing diversification of consumer demand for automobiles, GAC Trumpchi has paid attention to the needs of a small number of people to travel and launched the first mass-produced welfare model specially customized for the disabled in China – Trumpchi New Energy E9 Electric Welfare Edition. Earlier, the new car was officially launched on March 27, priced at 409,800 yuan, and officially rolled out today. It can be said that the launch of Trumpchi New Energy E9 Electric Welfare Edition has made "travel equality" truly realized.

As an MPV family, this is not the first time that Trumpchi has launched a welfare model. Previously, it also launched a welfare version, but the Trumpchi new energy E9 electric welfare version is equipped with the world’s first separable electric welfare seat, which can rotate out of the car and reduce the height. After landing, it can be separated from the mechanism. At the same time, it has a 26-kilometer battery life, which can be charged in the car by itself. It can be said that with the Trumpchi new energy E9 electric welfare version, there is no need to worry about the travel of the disabled.

The new car is equipped with 2.0T plug-in hybrid power, with a maximum power of 274kW and a maximum torque of 630N · m. At the same time, thanks to the 25.57kWh magazine battery, Trumpchi New Energy E9 Electric Welfare Edition CLTC has a pure electric battery life of 136km and a comprehensive battery life of 1032km. The daily car can basically be charged once a week.

In terms of operation. Drivers and passengers can operate through a 1.54-inch LCD controller or Bluetooth and mobile APP. In addition, the new car supports personalized programming mode, which can adjust the seat rotation path, front and rear movement, seat back angle and height to achieve automatic operation.

In terms of safety, the electric welfare seat strictly follows the vehicle-level front-loading development standards, passing 79 rigorous tests such as dynamic collision of the seat (front/rear) and positive collision of the whole vehicle. The welfare seat can only move back and forth when the door is closed, and the whole system is equipped with a 360 ° airbag matrix as standard. There is no need to worry about safety and reliability.

And the realization of these functions and safety is inseparable from the support of Trumpchi’s advanced intelligent manufacturing factory. Trumpchi New Energy E9 Electric Welfare Edition needs to go through more than 170 processes after painting before it can be assembled into a complete vehicle. After rolling off the assembly line, it has to go through 2,500 dynamic and static tests to ensure that each car meets 100% of the qualified standards before it can leave the factory.

It can be said that the arrival of the Trumpchi new energy E9 electric welfare model not only enriches the dimension of the model, but also makes the Trumpchi E9 household attributes clearer. The current MPV market has been transformed from a blue ocean market to a red ocean market, and new energy models such as,,, and other new energy models have entered the market, striving to seize the market. It is believed that the Trumpchi new energy E9 electric welfare version with seats and wheelchairs will attract some users with sufficient budgets.

In addition, at the GAC Technology Day, not only the blockbuster model Trumpchi New Energy E9 Electric Welfare Edition was rolled off the production line, but also the latest achievements of GAC in intelligent driving systems and power batteries – ADiGO POLIT intelligent driving system and ultra-high safety and large-capacity all-solid-state battery technology. The ADiGO POLIT intelligent driving system got rid of the shackles of high-precision maps and realized the city NDA that "can be opened with navigation". Under the trillion-dollar GAC blueprint, GAC Group is rejuvenating with technological innovation.

The brand was put on July 3, 2021, and the production date of the car was a new car in May 2021.

I bought it and put it home for a month before riding it. Because there is no time to ride! When the new car is bought back, the speed has never exceeded 70 during the running-in period according to reasonable requirements, and it is gentle running-in! Change the oil for the first time at 600 km! Change the oil for the second time in 1300 kilometers! Change the oil for the third time in 1800 kilometers! All engine oils are original engine oils!

But it’s about 2500 kilometers away! I found that the car sometimes just roared! No matter how big the throttle speed is, it will always be 80 kilometers per hour! I have been to 4S shop many times! Can’t give a result! And then it just goes away!

I bought the car for more than a month! The logo began to melt in the sun.

In the third month, the screw of shock absorption began to rust, and the pump began to rebound when braking! (The 4S shop sprayed me with some rust remover and left it alone.) The brake line of the brake light began not to rebound! At first, I thought the brake switch was broken! Another one! Later, it was discovered that it was the brake line! It’s covered with rust!

The shock absorber began to leak oil four months ago, and it was found in the GZ group at that time! Basically, many riders have oil leakage.

After driving 11 thousand kilometers, the line of the odometer broke and the frame rusted.

I drove thirteen thousand kilometers! The big and small dental discs are all sharpened! The chain is completely scrapped! . The rear tire has been worn slippery! The road is a little slippery! I dare not drive! You have to change your tires before you dare to ride.

It’s also 13 thousand kilometers! Because the speed is always unable to get up! I went to the 4S shop and changed the original clutch plate! It cost hundreds of dollars. Still no use! Still fast and slow! In this regard! I gave up, too!

Some time ago! The brake pump is completely scrapped! Open it. It’s rusted inside. At 21,000 kilometers, there was an abnormal noise in the exhaust pipe! It feels like there are several screws in it! Bang bang! It costs more than 900 to go to the 4S shop! I haven’t changed Nepal yet!

Want to wash the car tonight! Found the decorative cover under the fuel tank! The position of the screw mouth! I don’t know why it is broken! It looks like it was shattered! I took this car! It is really rubbish!

There are still many photos that have not been saved! ! ! Hey! Look at it and get angry! !

Special feature of 1905 film network Compared with the films of the past few weeks, the new films released last week seem a little "stingy", mostly based on love sketches and youth literary films.

　

Previously, many people called March this year "Chinese Literature and Art Month". Not only did Seimi Zhang’s film films and well-received first films compete in the same period, but also those who won two Silver Bear Awards in Berlin chose to start the nationwide screening last Friday.

　

For many fans, this is a busy weekend. There is an illusion that I see a table of delicious food, but I don’t know how to put chopsticks.

　

But in fact, these three films didn’t get much attention in the market. On the contrary, Taiwan Province’s love movie, which was ignored by many people in the early stage, became a dark horse in the schedule, and its rising trend surpassed Marvel Comics’s masterpieces.

　

A Sader Story Than Sadness has exceeded 400 million at the box office.

On the first weekend of release, "Over the Spring" grossed less than 7 million. If the low box office of this film is caused by the weak card company, then "On the Balcony" under the banner of Zhou Dongyu, the box office is even more bleak, even less than 4 million.

In Berlin, "crying down a piece of Chinese and foreign media" won 3.095 million box office after three days of screening. Compared with expectations, the whole is still relatively dull.

　

Looking back at the beginning of 2019, it set a box office record for domestic art cinema, but it hasn’t finished the first quarter yet. It seems that the overall data plummeted like the one-day box office of The Earth. Some people even jumped out to question the propaganda of "Spring Festival" and "Balcony". We can’t help asking: what should we do to promote literary films?

What about the "splash" in "On the balcony" and "Over the Spring"?

　

In fact, it is difficult to define what is a literary film. However, in the eyes of the public, it seems that a consensus has been formed, referring to the kind of movies with certain minority feelings and great desire to express. This kind of film theme is generally closer to realism, which is not smooth in the market, and is finally considered "difficult to understand" by the audience.

　

However, with some small achievements in recent years, more and more people have seen the dawn of literary films.

To paraphrase Xú Zhēng, now is the spring of good movies.

Stills of Gang Rinpoche

However, the market for literary films is not so smooth. It used to be said that "the smell of wine is not afraid of the depth of the alley", but now good works still need to be spread, not treasured. No matter how good a work is, it needs publicity. Only with proper publicity can it be seen by more people.

　

If the publicity of "Balcony" and "Spring Festival" is resumed, it is actually very simple, that is, traditional material release, holding a press conference and screening activities. If the keywords of the two films are extracted from the propaganda, that is — —

　

"Over Spring": Different Youth Films, Qualities and First Works

On the Balcony: Zhou Dongyu, Film Movie, Secret Love.

These keywords seem too bland for the ordinary audience.

On the other hand, the online word-of-mouth of the two films, "Over the Spring" Douban scored 8.0, Cat’s Eye movie scored 8.1, and Taobao Film scored 8.3; The score of "On the Balcony" is relatively dull: 6.1 for Douban Film, 5.2 for Cat’s Eye, and 6.1 for Taobao Film, which is hovering on the passing line as a whole.

　

For many people, at least "Over the Spring" can rely on word-of-mouth marketing to make the film discovered by more audiences. But who knows, in the end, it caused a group of people in the industry to be "dissatisfied", and some people even complained that this was "comic book propaganda".

"Spring and Balcony are not grounded enough this time." Xiao M, who has been doing propaganda planning for 2 years, said. "In fact, the publicity of" Over the Spring "is very hard, but it lacks a key marketing event."

　

Indeed, the story sadder than sadness in the same period did not receive much publicity, and even the publicity period was shorter than the other two.

However, after the film was released, the propagandist followed the propaganda method of Ex-3. On new media platforms such as Tik Tok, it featured the topic of "Bring a paper towel to watch a story sadder than sadness", and promoted a group of female viewers who were immersed in sad emotions after watching the film, sitting and sobbing with subtitles, which had a good "sinking" effect.

Not only that, but some people even spit out that "the announcement of" Over the Spring "is really a long story. Seeing that the box office is not working, it began to release materials to play erotic edge balls. Such a good scene in the film has become a gimmick."

In fact, this kind of "eye-catching" is not what they do. Xiao Dianjun learned from the propagandist of "Over the Spring" that these comments are excerpted from netizens’ comments.

　

"I have seen people praising this scene in my circle of friends and WeChat official account, and they did use similar language. Moreover, if the film picks up the original comments of netizens, it is actually not a spontaneous erotic edge ball. I do propaganda myself, and from the marketing point of view, I follow the trend. I can understand this way and think that more people can pay attention to this movie. " Xiao M further expressed her opinion to Xiao Dianjun. "It may be a bit too much to say that pornography is rubbing. The main paragraph is just a content highlight, not a publicity focus. "

　

In addition to Xiao M, Xiao Yi, who has been engaged in film propaganda and planning for 3 years, also went to see these two films at the weekend and talked about his own views. "First of all, the two films are too small, and they are not subject types that can be accepted by most people. At the same time, I met the phenomenon-level topic movie "A Story More Sad than Sadness". The latter is to make you cry, simple and rude, and it can bring more intuitive feelings than the former two. "

　

Does the literary film come out of the circle, relying on works or marketing events?

　

In terms of box office results, the story sadder than sadness, which was almost zero-publicized in the early stage, was successfully released.

　

So, who is paying attention to movies?

　

According to the survey data of China Film Distribution and Projection Association, the contributors to the box office in China are mainly the post-90s, followed by the post-80s and post-90s. Therefore, the orientation of literary films should not only be an "elite" minority, but a new social youth facing the mainstream public, starting with the mainstream audience.

　

The tonality of content determines that literary films can only be developed in circles, and it seems that it is difficult to find a reproducible marketing method for a while.

　

For the ordinary audience, the cast can certainly attract them into the cinema, but the topic of the film is also an important factor affecting their choice of watching movies. For example, before the release of The Last Night of the Earth, frequent "Kissing New Year’s Eve" on Tik Tok and friends circle will naturally arouse their interest in watching movies.

　

"I think the idea of’ one kiss for the New Year’ is quite good, but this point is too different from the temperament of the film itself." Xiao M said, "In fact, the marketing event of the film should be related to the film content itself, otherwise the audience will definitely’ explode’ when they walk into the cinema and see the actual content."

　

In recent years, all kinds of literary films have been thinking about going out of the circle in various ways. The most typical one is the "kneeling out of the circle" of producer Fang Li in the live broadcast during the release period. Since then, the box office of the film has risen from 3.65 million in the first week to the last 86.9069 million. Although Fang Li’s behavior is not worth promoting, the quality of the film has made it further recognized by the audience.

　

&hellip, a fiery live broadcast platform four years ago and a short video platform in recent years; … The new media industry is full of vitality. For literary films, it is necessary to use the weapons of the media platform to gain public awareness. By using these media, one hot topic after another can be formed, so as to keep the popularity during the film release and draw the audience into the cinema.

　

"The quality of" Over the Spring "is very brilliant. It is actually very clever to promote the main’ different youth films’, but a few years ago, those dog blood youth films have caused many audiences to resist this kind of films. At the same time, it can’t extract the emotional commonness of’ another self’ like that. So the key is that the emotional level cannot reach the audience’s heart. " TT of the film production company said. "I read the script in the early stage and have been paying attention to this movie, but there are colleagues around me who don’t know that this movie is released."

　

It can be seen that it is very important for film marketing to use emotion and culture appropriately, find empathy with the target audience and stir up the topic. When it was released, the propaganda slogan of "buy a movie ticket for parents" was played, and the middle-aged and elderly people were opened up; During the screening of Gang Rinpoche, select the audience of pan-cultural circle who have a deep understanding of pilgrimage … …

　

Of course, the quality of works is the key thing, but in the era of more and more good works, film marketers still have to think of ways to make the "wine fragrance float out of the alley."

With the opening of Universal Studios Beijing, Megatron, the interactive highlight in the park, frequently boarded hot searches, and its verbal properties gained a large number of fans. However, few people know that Megatron in the park is artificially manipulated by a real actor standing on stilts and wearing a mecha. Most people only see the prestige and humor in front of him, ignoring the hardships and helplessness of the actor behind him. In addition to the physical effort and the incomprehension of others, Megatron in the park also received complaints and reports from some tourists because of his classic line "stupid human beings". This article is intended to explore the bitterness and helplessness behind the cool mecha.

　

author　| qianjiang evening news Hour Journalist Liu Qiaoyan Rong Zhang

edit　| Cao Yumeng

source　| qianjiang evening news

The text is 3848 words in total | Estimated reading time is 10 minutes.

△ Photo courtesy of Megatron CFP at Universal Studios Beijing

"Crazy, netizens are crazy, and even Megatron’s mantra has to be reported."

With the opening of Universal Studios Beijing, Megatron, the interactive highlight in the park, frequently boarded hot search. This well-known villain in Transformers captured the hearts of tourists with his huge body and talkative attributes as soon as he appeared. However, its life in China was not so smooth. Just a few days after its opening, there were successive controversies.

According to BRTV Capital Economic Report, Megatron was reported and complained for calling tourists "stupid humans" every day.

But this sentence was originally Megatron’s classic line in Transformers. If you can’t even say this, your mouth is full of love and peace, which really doesn’t conform to Megatron’s original setting in the movie.

In fact, Megatron’s "descent to the world" was a bit miserable. He "killed the crazy autobots" in the movie, but he often acted as the aunt of the neighborhood Committee in Universal Studios Beijing, adjusting the contradiction of tourists jumping in line. After the adjustment failed, there was no way but to regret leaving.

Just a few days ago, a little girl kicked Megatron and went on a hot search. In the face of the "violent behavior" of human cubs, Megatron seemed helpless. Finally, it posed for a photo with the girl’s parents, without the risk of being a villain.

Even in the face of unfriendly gestures from the audience, Megatron can only borrow lines from the movie to deal with it. Finally, Megatron still took a group photo with the tourist as a souvenir, which can be said to be completely out of line.

In fact, it is not so much Megatron as the staff of Universal Studios interacting with tourists. Many netizens speculated that Megatron was AI before, but in fact, it was actually arranged for a staff member to stand on the knee of the mecha like walking on stilts, carrying a 30-pound mecha, artificially controlling the movement and sound, and finally processing it through a voice changer.

Behind Megatron are actually migrant workers like us ordinary people, ordinary lives and shining dreams. Qianjiang evening news Hour News interviewed Wang Ming, the "China Mecha Operator" who once played Megatron. He endowed the Mecha with soul and satisfied people’s infinite imagination of the Mecha, and behind this, there were thousands of runs-in between man and machine.

Wang Ming, 33, once performed in Hangzhou in armor. On September 30th, he told us the secret of Megatron and his little-known professional joys and sorrows.

Megatron is played by people.

There may be voice changing devices and sensors in the mecha.

△ Photo courtesy of Megatron CFP at Universal Studios Beijing

"Megatron in Universal Studios is about 3.3 meters tall. Like us, actors have to step on stilts, with their feet almost at Megatron’s thigh and their heads at the breastplate, artificially manipulating the whole mecha." Wang Ming told qianjiang evening news Hour reporter with a smile.

When Wang Ming first put on the mecha, Universal Studios Beijing had not yet opened. Because he liked Transformers, he first learned about Megatron of Universal Studios Los Angeles. At that time, this field in China was still blank.

With the megatron fire out of the circle, more and more people are beginning to wonder, is artificial intelligence behind this megatron, which is taller than human beings and can pose all kinds of actions at any time, and even has some verbal properties, or is it played by innocent people?

Wang Ming gave the answer that he had been in this business for many years-the role of innocent people.

"One leg weighs almost 20 pounds." Wang Ming revealed that the actor who plays Megatron should stand on the knee or thigh of the mecha like walking on stilts, and complete the action of manipulating the mecha. When performing, the people inside need to wear invisibility cloaks to completely hide the possibility of the human body that can be seen by the naked eye. As for the twisting of the mecha’s head, it is actually the same as the principle of wearing a hat. The actor is equivalent to wearing a mecha’s hat on his head, and the real-time twisting of the mecha’s head is realized through the twisting of his head.

As for how to interact with people around him, Wang Ming explained: "People inside need to look around through the cracks in the mecha. Because the field of vision is narrow, visitors can’t get too close. When preparing for interaction, the people inside need to match the corresponding body movements with language, and the sound is transmitted to the tourists’ ears in real time through the voice changer, thus completing the interaction. "

Wang Ming said that there should be at least sound changing devices, sensors and other equipment in the Megatron Mech of Universal Studios, which should be synchronized with the actors’ performances. As for the internal details, "this is a commercial secret of Universal Studios, and they should not disclose it to the public. In short, it should be a part without artificial intelligence. "

Mecha manipulator

A profession that has no name for the time being

△ Photo courtesy of Megatron CFP at Universal Studios Beijing

Wearing a wearable mecha on his back, he makes all kinds of movements and interacts with people at the same time. At home, people in this line of work can’t find a very suitable word to define their occupation. In the United States, they are called "actors" and "special technicians", but in China, the mecha performance is still in the blank. Wang Ming looked up a lot of information on the Internet, and found a word from science fiction movies, comics and novels to define his occupation-"Mecha Manipulator".

Different from the common name of "actor" in the United States, Wang Ming wants to give life and soul to the cold mecha, and he wants to create a mecha culture that belongs exclusively to China.

At first, Wang Ming’s performances all started with imitation, such as playing bumblebee.

"Here comes the bumblebee!" Often, Wang Ming is surrounded by groups as soon as he appears. Facing the noisy crowd, Wang Ming curled up slightly, put his hands around his head, stepped back and squatted in the corner like a shy child.

All of a sudden, Wang Ming stood up again, raised his right arm, lifted his head slightly, and looked around at a 45-degree angle-this was Wang Ming’s trademark action when he performed "Bumblebee", which meant that it entered a state of "fighting".

After long-term practice, Wang Ming can transform three kinds of sounds freely without a voice changer. As long as the mecha are changed, Wang Ming can be a naughty bumblebee, a powerful Optimus Prime, and a scary Megatron.

In the past few years, Wang Ming has completed thousands of similar performances, with more than 20,000 hours. Wang Ming has heard countless people curiously discuss, "Is there anyone here?" He thought, what would the audience call themselves if they knew there was someone inside? "Wear a mecha? Or the performer? "

General weakness after the performance.

But I feel the heat between people

△ Wang Ming took off his heavy armor

Behind the prestige or interest of the audience is the hardship of a profession that is unknown.

In the first few years, the mecha controlled by Wang Ming were all made of EVA. "It’s not much different from ordinary clothes." At the beginning of 2019, he came into contact with NK01, the first exoskeleton mecha in China. Although it takes 30 minutes to take off this mecha with the help of two engineers, Wang Ming feels that this is the real "Iron Man".

"When performing, it’s like dancing with a person on his back." Usually, after performing an activity, Wang Ming was caught in a heavy rain, his clothes stuck to his body, and his hair was soaked with sweat, forming plumes on his forehead. And this kind of performance often lasts for several days, just like Megatron of Universal Studios, as long as he stands out, he must always be in a role state. Wang Ming, who unloaded the mecha, felt weak, almost dizzy, and his shoulders and elbow joints were particularly sore.

△ After taking off the mecha, the whole body of the mecha manipulator was soaked with sweat.

Go outside the mecha, Wang Ming became silent, "I talk to others about mecha, few people understand; Even if someone understands, I am worried that I am very wonderful in their eyes. "

Wang Ming said that few people understood him, including his family, and once branded him as "doing nothing". Many people question, "It’s just like cosplay, it’s very simple, and it can’t be counted as a career."

For a two-hour performance, Wang Ming’s price ranges from 1,200 yuan to 3,000 yuan. And NK01, which has scientific and technological elements, is worth as much as six figures, and Wang Ming can get thousands of dollars. However, in the past two years, due to the epidemic, the number of performances in Wang Ming has dropped significantly. "I don’t know when the next performance will come." He told qianjiang evening news Hour reporter some reluctantly.

Wang Ming is full of guilt for his family because of his precarious job, but he is addicted to his heroic and fearless role interpretation. "When I was a child, I was very naughty. I was king of the children; But when I grow up, the world seems different. " Wang Ming said.

From Gundam to Transformers, the mech robot carries Wang Ming’s childhood memories, all his dreams and the definition of bravery.

"There is a wonderful feeling injected into the body, which is very healing." At those moments in the mecha’s body, Wang Ming felt that he was really "deformed", became a fearless hero, and became fond of communicating and hugging strangers. "This is the other side of me."

"In this world, the relationship between people is more indifferent. On the street, if you see a stranger, you won’t talk; But if it is a robot, you will take the initiative to go over and see, touch and even communicate. " Wang Ming regrets ground say, let him feel the heat between people under the mecha.

The dream continues.

I hope to have my own Megatron as soon as possible.

△ Wang Ming took off his heavy armor

Before contacting the mecha, Wang Ming was a soldier. After retiring from the army in 2011, he returned to his hometown of Puyang, Henan Province, worked as a security guard and waiter, sold mala Tang and mobile phones, and changed jobs almost every six months. He once fell into the confusion of life. "I don’t know what to do every day, I can’t find the value of life."

Wang Ming once suffered from narcolepsy. For half a year, he slept in bed for more than ten hours every day: "Why am I not a hero?" "What can I do to get others’ love?" Memories of childhood came into his mind. "Is it possible for me to become a Transformers, a hero and be noticed?"

With the help of Internet extending in all directions, Wang Ming found that someone had boldly tried his "fantasy"-playing Transformers. Later, Wang Ming found a group of like-minded friends who loved the Mecha. From the hot online discussion to 2016, they formed a team to manufacture and perform the Mecha.

At first, Wang Ming can only take the initiative to run, go to large and small shopping malls and media companies to promote their own mecha, usually only two months before a chance falls from the sky. Later, Wang Ming gradually became a minor celebrity in the circle, and the gap period was shortened to half a month. Wang Ming traveled all over the country with his mecha and appeared on various occasions, playing the role of welcome robot, warm-up guest and marriage guardian. Wang Ming will also be on the stage of various variety shows, taking photos with stars and shaking hands with celebrities.

"It’s like being possessed." Wang Ming is immersed in this world. Whenever he has time, he repeatedly watches his own performance videos and robot-related movies, always pays attention to the information in the field of mecha, fiddles with robot models, constantly studies, imitates and learns, and regularly integrates new elements into the mecha and adds new actions that are more in line with the role positioning. On one occasion, Wang Ming stayed up for three consecutive nights and was taken to the hospital the next day.
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About the mecha, Wang Ming is still having more and longer dreams. In the dream, Wang Ming dressed the robot in costumes, painted Facebook, and went to the world with a mecha full of China elements; In the dream, the mecha industry has formed a complete industrial chain, from manufacturing and training to control and evaluation; In the dream, professional mecha controllers have norms and grades, which bring happiness to many people and are respected.

Wang Ming thinks that one day, China will have its own image of a mecha like Megatron, and go to the world.

△ Photo courtesy of Megatron CFP at Universal Studios Beijing

　　

　　Covid-19 is thought to originate from bats, and it is 96.2% similar to RaTG13 (collected by Shi Zhengli, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Yunnan, China in 2013) in nucleotide sequence level. However, it is a kind of novel coronavirus that has not been detected in humans and other animals before, and its appearance has brought many new problems to be solved urgently, including whether other pets, livestock and poultry may be infected by Covid-19 besides humans?

　　On April 8th, local time, the top academic journal Science published the paper "Susceptibility of Ferrets, Cats, Dogs, and Different Domestic Animals to SARS-coronavirus-2" online. The purpose of this study is to find out some questions: Will Covid-19 be transmitted to other animal species, thus becoming a "reservoir" of infection? Covid-19 infection has many clinical manifestations in humans, ranging from mild infection to death, so how is it manifested in other animals? With the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs, which animals can be used to simulate the effects of these drugs or vaccines on humans most accurately?

　　In order to solve these problems, research teams from the State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the National High-level Biosafety Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control evaluated the susceptibility of different model experimental animals, pets and livestock to Covid-19, infected Covid-19 through experiments, observed the clinical manifestations and pathological changes of vaccinated animals and cohabiting animals, and detected the viral load of organs and tissues, the emission of respiratory and intestinal viruses, and the seroconversion of antibodies against Covid-19 in animals.

　　Their research shows that Covid-19 has weak replication ability in dogs, pigs, chickens and ducks, but it can replicate efficiently in ferrets’ upper respiratory tract and cats’ respiratory system and digestive system. Experimental infected cats can spread Covid-19 through the air; Some cats can cause serious illness or even death after infection, and the illness of young cats is obviously more serious than that of older cats.

　　Histopathological observation confirmed that virus infection in cats can cause lung inflammation and intestinal mucosal damage to varying degrees. Immunohistochemical study showed that there were a large number of virus infections in mucosal epithelium and olfactory bulb cells of upper respiratory tract (nasal cavity, maxilla, tonsil), mucous gland epithelial cells of trachea and bronchial mucosa, and intestinal mucosal epithelium.

　　The correspondent of this paper is Chen Hualan, academician of China Academy of Sciences, chief scientist of the innovation team of animal influenza basic and prevention research in Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Bu Zhigao, director of Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and director of the national high-level biosafety laboratory for animal disease prevention and control, and Wu Guizhen, secretary of the Party Committee of Institute of Viral Disease Prevention and Control of China CDC and director of BSL-3 laboratory. Previously, on March 31st, local time, the research team had taken the lead in publishing the research on the preprint platform bioRxiv.

　　It is worth mentioning that the National High-level Biosafety Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Control is one of the existing two P4 laboratories in China, and the other is in Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences. All the experiments of Covid-19 infection in this study were carried out in P4 laboratory, which was approved by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China. Animal research and animal welfare programs were approved by the Animal Experimental Ethics Committee of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

　　According to the press release issued by official website, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, different coronaviruses have been prevalent in mammals and poultry, but most of these coronaviruses are limited to specific species of animals and generally cannot infect humans. Similarly, several common coronaviruses in humans do not infect other animals. However, some coronaviruses from bats, such as SARS and MERS virus, can often infect many animals and humans.

　　At present, Covid-19 is popular among a wide range of people in the world, and the risk of introducing animals in close contact with human beings is increasing. Therefore, it is urgent to study the susceptibility of domestic animals in close contact with human beings to Covid-19, evaluate whether domestic animals are exposed to Covid-19 hazards and become potential intermediate hosts, and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of Covid-19.

　　In addition, in view of the current global epidemic situation of COVID-19, it is very likely that it will evolve into a common infectious disease, and it is urgent to establish a stable and reliable animal infection model to meet the needs of vaccine and drug research and development evaluation.

　　The research team stressed that the monitoring of cat COVID-19 should be regarded as an auxiliary means to eliminate the current Covid-19 epidemic. They called for close monitoring and protection of cats in epidemic areas, avoiding their contact with infectious sources and preventing them from becoming possible transmission hosts or storage hosts.

　　In addition, it was previously questioned that cats infected with COVID-19 were caused by large doses under laboratory conditions. However, in addition to this research, on April 3rd, Academician Jin Meilin, professor of the State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Huazhong Agricultural University, director of the Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Preparations of the Ministry of Agriculture, director of the Research Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and researcher Shi Zhengli, director of the Key Laboratory of Highly Pathogenic Biology and Biosafety of Chinese Academy of Sciences, also published a study on the preprint platform bioRxiv. Through the investigation of cat serum, they found that the serum ELISA test of 102 cats collected after the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan showed that the serum from 15 cats (14.7%) was positive for Covid-19 receptor binding domain (RBD).

　　Nadia, a 4-year-old tiger from Bronx Zoo in new york, USA, was recently diagnosed with Covid-19. On April 5, local time, the US Department of Agriculture issued a statement confirming that a tiger in a zoo in new york was diagnosed with Covid-19, and several other lions and tigers also showed symptoms of respiratory diseases. Officials at the Bronx Zoo in new york said that nadia, three other tigers and three African lions had symptoms of dry cough and loss of appetite, but they are expected to recover. Public health officials believe that these animals were infected by an asymptomatic employee.

　　Covid-19 can be replicated in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets for up to 8 days, but it will not cause serious illness or death.

　　Ferrets are often used as animal models of human respiratory viruses. Therefore, the research team first tested ferrets’ sensitivity to Covid-19.

　　Two Covid-19 strains were used in this study: F13-E from Wuhan South China Seafood Market and CTan-H from a patient infected with Covid-19.

　　The research team inoculated 10 5 PFU (Plaque Forming Unit) F13-E or CTan-H into ferrets through nose respectively, and euthanized them on the 4th day after inoculation (P.I.). The turbinate, soft palate, tonsil, trachea, lung, heart, spleen, kidney, pancreas, small intestine, brain and liver of each ferret were collected, and the viral RNA was determined by qPCR and virus titration.

　　Viral RNA：A in ferrets’ organs or tissues: A, F13-E, B, CTAN-H..

　　The results showed that viral RNA and infectious virus were detected in the turbinate, soft palate and tonsil of all four ferrets, but not in other tissues.

　　C, virus titer in organs or tissues of ferrets inoculated with F13-E, D and CTAN-H.

　　The research team believes that these results show that Covid-19 can replicate in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets, but it has not been detected in other tissues.

　　In order to study the replication dynamics of virus in ferrets, the research team intranasally inoculated 6 ferrets with 10^5pfu of F13-E(3) or CTan-H(3), and then placed them in three isolated cages. On the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th day, ferret nasal wash and rectal swab were collected for virus RNA detection and virus titration. At the same time, their body temperature and COVID-19 signs were monitored for two weeks.

　　Viral RNA in the nasal wash of ferrets inoculated with F13-E(E) and CTan-H(F). Viral titers in the nasal wash of ferrets inoculated with F13-E(G) and CTan-H(H).

　　The results showed that viral RNA was found in the nasal wash of all six ferrets on the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th day. Viral RNA was also found in some rectal swabs, but the copy number was significantly lower than that of nasal wash. Infectious virus was detected in nasal wash of all ferrets, but none of them was found in rectal swab.

　　One ferret in each group developed fever and loss of appetite on the 10th and 12th days respectively. In order to investigate whether these symptoms are caused by virus replication in the lower respiratory tract, the research team euthanized the two ferrets on the 13th day and collected their organs for virus RNA detection.

　　However, except for the ferret turbinate inoculated with CTan-H, the low copy number was detected, and no viral RNA was detected in any other tissues or organs.

　　Pathological studies showed that two ferrets euthanized on the 13th day had severe lymphoplasmacytic vasculitis and vasculitis, the number of type II alveolar cells, macrophages and neutrophils in alveolar septa and alveolar cavities increased, and the lungs had mild bronchiolitis.

　　The asterisk indicates that the animals were euthanized on the 13th day after inoculation, and the other four animals were euthanized on the 20th day.

　　Covid-19 antibody was detected in all ferrets by ELISA and neutralization test, and the antibody titers of two ferrets euthanized on the 13th day were significantly lower than those euthanized on the 20th day.

　　In order to further study whether Covid-19 was replicated in ferrets’ lungs, the research team inoculated 8 ferrets with 10^5 pfu of CTan-H through trachea, and euthanized 2 animals on the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 14th days, respectively, and detected virus RNA in tissues and organs.

　　Among the two ferrets euthanized on the second day and the two ferrets euthanized on the fourth day, the researchers only detected viral RNA； in the turbinate and soft palate of one of them. Among the two ferrets euthanized on the eighth day, viral RNA； was detected in the soft palate of one ferret and in the turbinate, soft palate, tonsil and trachea of the other ferret. No viral RNA was detected in the two ferrets euthanized on the 14th day.

　　These results indicate that Covid-19 can replicate in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets for up to 8 days without causing serious illness or death.

　　At the end of the paper, the research team also mentioned that, comparatively speaking, Covid-19 is different from other influenza viruses that can replicate in the upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract of ferrets, and even human SARS-CoV. Covid-19 is only replicated in ferrets’ nasal bones, soft palate and tonsils. It can also replicate in the digestive tract, but even if the virus is inoculated in the trachea, the virus is still not detected in the lungs of ferrets.

　　Cats are highly susceptible to "cat-to-cat transmission": the monitoring of cat Covid-19 should be regarded as an auxiliary means of epidemic prevention and control.

　　It is worth noting that cats and dogs are in close contact with humans, so the research team thinks that besides laboratory animals like ferrets, it is very important to know the susceptibility of domestic animals that often live with humans to COVID-19 for the control of Covid-19.

　　The research team first studied the replication of Covid-19 in cats. Five 8-month-old subadult domestic cats (inbred lines) were intranasally inoculated with 10^5pfu of CTan-H, and two of them were scheduled to be euthanized on the sixth day to evaluate the virus replication in their organs. Three cats were put in separate cages in the isolator. In order to monitor the spread of respiratory droplets, an uninfected cat was placed in a cage adjacent to each cat vaccinated with the virus.

　　Because 8-month-old cats are aggressive, it is difficult to carry out routine nasal cleaning on them. In order to avoid possible harm, the research team collected the feces of these cats and checked the viral RNA in their organs after euthanasia.

　　Virus RNA was detected in the nasal bone, soft palate and tonsils of two sub-adult domestic cats euthanized on the 6th day, and virus RNA was also detected in the trachea of one cat and the small intestine of the other cat. However, no viral RNA was detected in any lung samples of these two cats.

　　Infectious viruses were detected in the nasal bones, soft palate, tonsils and trachea of these cats, but no infectious viruses were found in the small intestine with positive viral RNA.

　　The spread of Covid-19 among cats.

　　In the study of virus transmission, RNA virus was detected in the feces of two vaccinated cats on the third day, and RNA virus was detected in the feces of all three vaccinated cats on the fifth day. Among the three cats at risk of virus exposure, viral RNA was detected in the feces of one cat on the third day.

　　Virus-infected cats with positive feces were euthanized on the 11th day. Virus RNA was detected in the soft palate and tonsils of the infected cats and in the nasal bones, soft palate, tonsils and trachea of the exposed cats, indicating that respiratory droplets spread between cats.

　　On the 12th day, the research team euthanized the remaining cats. Viral RNA was detected in the tonsils of one virus-infected cat and the nasal bone, soft palate, tonsils and trachea of another virus-infected cat, but it was not detected in any organ or tissue of the two virus-exposed cats.

　　Through ELISA and neutralization test, Covid-19 antibody was detected in all three cats inoculated with virus and one cat exposed to virus.

　　Covid-19 replicates efficiently in respiratory system and digestive system of infected cats, causing pathological damage and inflammatory reaction. Histopathological and immunohistochemical study on cats that died or were euthanized three days after virus infection. (a) The arrangement of nasal mucosa epithelium is disordered, cilia fall off (arrow), and lymphocytes in lamina propria infiltrate (arrow). (b) The tonsil epithelial cells are degenerated and necrotic, and the surface of mucosal epithelium (asterisk) is covered with cell fragments and neutrophils (arrow). (c) Epithelial degeneration and necrosis of tracheal mucosa (arrow), with mucus (asterisk) mixed with a large number of cell fragments on the surface. (d) Epithelial necrosis of tracheal mucous glands and infiltration of lymphocytes (arrow). (e) Normal lung tissue structure of uninfected cats. (f) Aggregation of inflammatory cells in pulmonary blood vessels and coagulation of fibrin (arrow). (g) A large number of macrophages and lymphocytes infiltrated in alveoli, that is, alveolar septa. (h) Infiltration and proliferation of alveoli and alveolar septitis. (i) Some cells in the epithelium of small intestine are degenerated and necrotic, and lymphocytes in the lamina propria are moderately infiltrated (arrow). (j) A large number of epithelial cells of turbinate mucosa were positive for virus antigen (brown). (k) A large number of exfoliated cells in tonsil mucosa epithelium and mucosa surface were positive for virus antigen (brown). (l) A large number of virus antigens were positive (brown) in serous cells of tracheal mucous glands. (m) A large number of small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells were positive for virus antigen (brown). Ruler line A, I = 100 μ m, B-H, J-L = 200 μ m, M = 500 μ m

　　The research team also repeated the above-mentioned replication and transmission research in sub-adult cats in young cats (70-100 days). Histopathological studies on the samples of young cats who died or were euthanized on the third day after being inoculated with the virus showed that the nasal cavity and tracheal mucosa epithelium and lungs of the two cats had a lot of damage.

　　These results indicate that Covid-19 can be effectively replicated in cats, and young cats are more susceptible to infection. More importantly, the virus can spread from cat to cat through respiratory droplets.

　　Next, the research team also studied the replication and spread of Covid-19 in dogs, and the results showed that dogs were less sensitive to Covid-19. Similar studies also show that pigs, chickens and ducks are not sensitive to Covid-19.

　　Overall, the research team found that ferrets and cats are highly sensitive to Covid-19, dogs are less sensitive, and domestic animals including pigs, chickens and ducks are not sensitive to the virus.

　　In addition, it is reported that Covid-19 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as its receptor to enter cells, and ACE2 is mainly expressed in type II lung cells and serous epithelial cells of ferrets’ tracheal-bronchial submucosal glands. Therefore, the research team believes that the potential mechanism to prevent Covid-19 from replicating in ferrets’ lower respiratory tract remains to be studied.

　　The results of this study show that ferrets can be used as animal models for vaccine and drug evaluation in Covid-19. Dogs, pigs, chickens and ducks are not susceptible to Covid-19, which has important guiding significance for the traceability of virus hosts; More importantly, cats are highly susceptible to Covid-19.

　　The research team called for close monitoring and protection of cats in epidemic areas to avoid contact with infectious sources and prevent them from becoming possible transmission hosts or storage hosts. The monitoring of cat COVID-19 should be regarded as an auxiliary means to eliminate the current Covid-19 epidemic.

　　Paper link: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/early/2020/04/07/science.abb7015.full.pdf.

　 　 Special feature of 1905 film network In fact, the concept is not new, not to mention the amazing short film. In 2012, the animated film invited the protagonists of the game and turned it upside down. Up to now, Sony’s "Pixel Wars" has taken the road of combining real people with CG. Comedy stars such as adam sandler, kevin james and Josh Gad are invited. Obviously, the film didn’t want to be normalized from the beginning, and it was played in the guise of "war" and alien invasion, but it was still a shit and Loser transformation. It was not interesting or harmful.

　 　 At the beginning of the film, the film played a card of feelings and memories. Several strange-looking little boys, one of whom lost how to play the game, and the other, although brave, was defeated by others in the final championship battle. The other likes to chat with the girl in the game machine, full of small and medium-sized Xuan Xuan. Obviously, the film is paving the way, and it is also a common routine of Hollywood movies. Everyone’s adult life is greatly influenced by his childhood, so-called psychological trauma. So, the runner-up of the game, carrying the shadow of the second place, grew up to be an ordinary employee of a home appliance company, while the little fat man with no ambition and only catching dolls became the president of the United States. Yes, you are not mistaken. What is the screenwriter’s brain wide open for irony? Another "little devil" got into the panic, and the geek who is infatuated with beautiful women, as always, started a technical otaku.

　 　 When the scene jumps to the present, when adam sandler comes out, the whole style of painting is wrong, not to mention that kevin james has become the boss of the United States. From this time on, the tone of the film is slightly ironic and teasing. After watching such low-cost comedies in the United States, you will be quite familiar with and benefit from all kinds of jokes and techniques, such as ridiculing the American president to pieces and not knowing the "disaster". Isn’t it obvious that the president has no education? In addition, all kinds of important people in the White House have also become the object of ridicule, portrayed as a group of straw bags, officials are not like officials, and the general seems to be half buried in the ground. Of course, Americans haven’t forgotten to give a black hand to their good brother Britain again. The female prime minister has become thin and toothless, and looks like a menopausal woman with hormonal instability. She is not only pale but also very neurotic, which makes people think of her naked contempt for the Queen of England. Behind these satire and ridicule, what we can actually see is the characteristics of the film Pixel Wars, or the serious hooliganism as mentioned above.

　 　 Therefore, after adam sandler saw the heroine’s swaying posture, the first sentence she blurted out was "Wow", a heartfelt surprise brought out by hormones, and then the heroine happened to be in the emotional loss stage of life. Two people flirted and secretly fell in love, but they did not expect to start bickering because of a misunderstanding of a kiss, and they began to stage the plot of tell it to the judge. This way of communication between men and women is obviously the favorite of this kind of comedy, and they don’t like each other. Of course, adam sandler is not the only serious hooligan. Otaku still thinks about the dream girl in his game, and even draws many cartoons full of psychosexuality. One of the conditions for the little devil to join the team against alien aggression is to have dinner with tennis superstar Serena and spend the night together.

　 　 The more the film goes to the back, the stronger the desire of these men for women, and the creator has generously satisfied all their wishes. After becoming a salvation star, adam sandler won the beauty home, and the cartoon goddess of the otaku was regarded as a reward for the victory of the game, and became a real person, and Serena was waiting for the sandwich night that the little devil was thinking about … … It can be seen that these women were rewarded as trophies to these geeks, so when the beautiful game goddess in the movie dropped her double swords and leaned over to kiss the fat and filing otaku, the boys in the audience couldn’t help but make a sound with multiple meanings of regret, envy and jealousy.

　 　 It can be seen that "Pixel Wars" is like a beautiful world that a bunch of game geeks fantasize about themselves. In this world, not only can they become superheroes, but the opponents they beat are actually BOSS, who often can’t get through customs in the game, and then save the world. By the way, they also saved the setting that they have been a loser for the first half of their lives, and finally they can even win the beauty. Therefore, it is not surprising that the film is full of all kinds of imagination about beauty, hero and strength. After all, for the game otaku, the imagination of the external world is always better than the reality, otherwise Serena, a world champion who is strong and independent both physically and mentally, can’t throw herself at a cheating game champion.

　 　 It is precisely because of this that the audience of this "Pixel Wars" is estimated to be very limited. After all, the value position of such male chauvinism and taking all women as trophies is really out of line with the prevailing trend of feminism, not to mention that all the women in the movie are beautiful and amazing, while all the men seem to be a little diabetic.

"Pixel Wars" is such a typical American brainless comedy. The concept of pixels in the old-fashioned game of the film to create alien attacks is somewhat interesting in itself, but it is only limited to this. Wasted the setting and nostalgia that this attack method is electronic and gamified. On the one hand, the game characters in Pixel are much richer, and the story in the movie is still from a human perspective. On the other hand, they are all set as villains who will only destroy or even show their faces and break into slag, destroying their childhood and feelings in the game hall with steel.

　

project

serial number

Preferential items

Application materials

I. Items exempted from VAT

one

Care and education services provided by nurseries and kindergartens

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.
2. Certification materials such as the permit for running the park issued by the education department at or above the county level.
3. The original and photocopy of the approval or filing materials for the approval of fees by the competent price department.
4. Relevant certification materials of income.

2

Pension services provided by pension institutions

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.
2. Nursing homes provide the original and photocopy of the approval certificate for the establishment of social welfare institutions issued by the civil affairs department, and other nursing homes provide the original and photocopy of the documents approved by the relevant departments or the certification issued by the relevant departments.
3. Relevant certification materials of income.

three

Parenting services provided by welfare institutions for the disabled

1 "Taxpayer’s Tax Reduction and Exemption Registration Form".

2. The original and photocopy of the approval certificate for the establishment of social welfare institutions.

3. Relevant certification materials of income.

four

Marriage introduction service

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. Proof materials of marriage introduction service.

3. Relevant certification materials of income.

five

Funeral service

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. Relevant certification materials of income.

six

Services provided by the disabled themselves to the society

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. The original and photocopy of "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Disabled Persons’ Card" or "People’s Republic of China (PRC) disabled soldiers Card (Grade 1 to 8)".

3. Original and photocopy of personal identification.

seven

Medical services provided by medical institutions

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. The original and photocopy of the Practice License of Medical Institution.

3. Relevant certification materials of income.

eight

Educational services provided by schools engaged in academic education

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. The original and photocopy of the approval or filing materials for the approval of fees by the competent price department.

3. The license for running an ordinary school, or the original and photocopy of the document that all kinds of schools whose students are recognized by the state are approved by the people’s government at or above the prefecture (city) level or the education administrative department of the government at the same level, or the document that a technical school or a senior technical school is approved by the administrative department of human resources and social security at or above the provincial level, or the document that a technician college is approved by the provincial people’s government.

4. Relevant certification materials of income.　

nine

Services provided by students through work-study programs.

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2 proof materials issued by the school work-study management service organization.

3. Relevant certification materials of income.

10

Agricultural mechanization, irrigation and drainage, pest control, plant protection, agriculture and animal husbandry insurance and related technical training services, breeding and disease prevention of poultry, livestock and aquatic animals.

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. The original and photocopy of the relevant business contract and agreement or relevant business certification materials.

3. Relevant certification materials of income.

11

The first ticket income obtained by memorial halls, museums, cultural centers, management institutions of cultural relics protection units, art galleries, exhibition halls, painting and calligraphy institutes and libraries providing cultural and sports services in their own places.

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. Relevant certification materials of income.

twelve

Tickets for cultural and religious activities in monasteries, temples, mosques and churches.

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. Relevant certification materials of income.

13

Government funds and administrative fees charged by other units other than administrative units that meet the conditions stipulated in Article 10 of the Pilot Implementation Measures.

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.
2 the State Council, the Ministry of Finance, the provincial people’s government and its financial and price departments approved the establishment of funds or fees and a copy of the original document.
3. The original and photocopy of the payment book that all the money received has been turned over to the finance.

4. A bill stub has been issued.

14

Individual transfer of copyright

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. Copyright registration certificate, original and photocopy of individual copyright transfer contract.

15

Personal sales of self-built and self-occupied housing

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. Self-built certification materials issued by the housing management department or the land department.

3. Original and photocopy of property ownership certificate.

4. Original and photocopy of personal identification.

5 sale of housing contracts and income proof materials.

16

Before December 31, 2018, the public rental housing management unit rented public rental housing.

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2 people’s governments at or above the county level sponsored or identified as low-cost housing management unit related certification materials.

3. The original and photocopy of the lease contract signed with the housing security object.

4. Proof materials of price norms issued by the people’s governments at or above the county level.

17

Taiwan Province shipping companies and airlines engaged in cross-strait direct sea and air services in the mainland.

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. The original and photocopy of the contract signed between the enterprise and Taiwan Province shipping companies and airlines to engage in cross-strait direct sea and air services.

3. The original and photocopy of the "Permit for Cross-Strait Waterway Transportation in Taiwan Province" issued by the Ministry of Transport, and the registered address of the company indicated in the permit is in Taiwan Province.

4. The "Business License" issued by the Civil Aviation Administration of China or the original and photocopy of the certification materials of the airlines whose registered address is in Taiwan Province, which are approved to operate the cross-strait irregular (charter) transport of passengers, goods and mail according to the provisions of the Cross-Strait Air Transport Agreement and the Supplementary Agreement on Cross-Strait Air Transport.

18

Direct or indirect international freight forwarding services provided by taxpayers

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. Proof that all the income from international freight forwarding services collected from the entrusting party and the international transportation fees paid to international transportation carriers have been settled through financial institutions.

3. The original and photocopy of the international freight forwarding service contract signed by the enterprise.

19

Before December 31, 2016, the interest income of small loans of farmers in financial institutions

1 "taxpayer tax reduction and exemption registration form" 2 copies.

2 farmers’ residence certificate issued by the township.

3. Small loan contracts signed by financial institutions and farmers.

Interest income of national student loan

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.
2 student loan ledger, student loan contract and a copy of the original.
3. List of National Student Loan Interest.

4. The original and photocopy of the student’s identity certificate.

Interest income from national debt and local government debt

Two copies of the Registration Form for Taxpayer’s Tax Reduction and Exemption.

Interest income from loans of the People’s Bank of China to financial institutions

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. The original and photocopy of the loan contract signed by the People’s Bank of China and the financial institution.

Interest income of individual housing loans issued by the housing provident fund management center with the housing provident fund in the designated entrusted bank.

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. The original and photocopy of the entrusted loan agreement signed with the designated entrusted bank.

3. The bank signed a list of housing loan amount and interest income with individuals.

Interest income of foreign exchange loans entrusted by foreign exchange management departments to financial institutions in the process of engaging in the operation of national foreign exchange reserves.

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. The original and photocopy of the foreign exchange loan contract agreement issued by the entrusted financial institution.

In the unified borrowing and repayment business, the interest charged by the enterprise group or the core enterprises in the enterprise group and the financial companies affiliated to the group to the enterprise group or the subordinate units within the group is not higher than the loan interest rate paid to financial institutions or the coupon rate level of bonds paid.

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. The original and photocopy of the loan or loan contract signed by the core enterprise, finance company and the group or its subsidiaries.

3 enterprise groups or core enterprises in enterprise groups to borrow money from financial institutions or issue bonds to obtain funds.

twenty

The cancelled financial institution pays off debts with goods, real estate, intangible assets, securities, bills and other property.

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. The original and photocopy of the certificate that the People’s Bank of China decided to cancel according to law.

3. Original and photocopy of the property disposal contract (agreement).

4. Proof of income from the liquidation and disposal of property by the revoked financial institution.

21

Premium income from life insurance products offered by insurance companies for more than one year.

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.
2. Receipt or approval document (copy) of the CIRC for the record of insurance products.
3. Insurance clauses of insurance products.

4. Insurance product rate table.

22

Income from the transfer of financial commodities entrusted by qualified foreign investors (QFII) to domestic companies to engage in securities trading in China.

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. The original and photocopy of the securities investment business license issued by the CSRC.

3. Original and photocopy of the entrustment contract.

Investors in Hong Kong market (including units and individuals) buy and sell A shares listed on Shanghai Stock Exchange through Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect, and the income from financial commodity transfer.

Two copies of the Registration Form for Taxpayer’s Tax Reduction and Exemption.

Income from the transfer of financial commodities to investors in Hong Kong market (including units and individuals) who buy and sell mainland fund shares through mutual recognition of funds.

Two copies of the Registration Form for Taxpayer’s Tax Reduction and Exemption.

Securities investment funds (closed-end securities investment funds, open-end securities investment funds) managers use the funds to buy and sell stocks and bonds.

Two copies of the Registration Form for Taxpayer’s Tax Reduction and Exemption.

Income from financial commodity transfer from individuals engaged in financial commodity transfer business

Two copies of the Registration Form for Taxpayer’s Tax Reduction and Exemption.

23

Interest income from capital transactions between financial institutions and the People’s Bank of China

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. The original and photocopy of the business license of the enterprise or the certification materials that the institution was established with the approval of the People’s Bank of China, the China Banking Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission and operated the financial and insurance business.

Inter-bank interest income

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.
2. The original and photocopy of the business license of the enterprise.

Interest income from capital transactions between financial institutions

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.
2. The original and photocopy of the business license of the enterprise or the certification materials that the institution was established with the approval of the People’s Bank of China, the China Banking Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission and operated the financial and insurance business.

Discounted interest income between financial institutions

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.
2. The original and photocopy of the business license of the enterprise or the certification materials that the institution was established with the approval of the People’s Bank of China, the China Banking Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission and operated the financial and insurance business.

24

The income (excluding credit rating, consulting, training and other income) obtained by guarantee institutions that meet the prescribed conditions from engaging in credit guarantee or re-guarantee business for small and medium-sized enterprises shall be exempted from value-added tax within 3 years.

1. Two copies of the Registration Form of Credit Guarantee Exemption from VAT for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises.
2. Items, basis, scope and duration of tax exemption.
3. Copy of business license and articles of association.

25

The national commodity reserve management unit and its directly affiliated enterprises undertake the task of commodity reserve, and the interest subsidy income and the spread subsidy income obtained from the central or local finance.

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.
2. Items, basis and scope of tax exemption.
3. Accept the entrustment of the relevant departments of the central, provincial, municipal and county governments (or the management units designated by the government), undertake the task of storing six kinds of commodities, such as grain (including soybeans), edible oil, cotton, sugar, meat and salt (limited to the central reserve), and purchase, store and sell the above six kinds of reserved commodities according to relevant policies, and obtain relevant certification materials of financial reserve funds or subsidies.

26

Taxpayers provide technology transfer, technology development and related technical consultation and technical services.

1 "taxpayer tax reduction and exemption registration form" 2 copies;
2. The original and photocopy of the contract signed by the enterprise for technology transfer, technology development and related technical consultation and technical service (which has been recognized by the provincial or municipal, county and city-level science and technology authorities where the enterprise is located);

3 provincial or municipal, county and district-level science and technology departments to identify registration documents.

27

Contract energy management service

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. The original and photocopy of the energy management project contract signed by the enterprise belongs to the energy-saving benefit sharing contract.

3. Proof that the technologies related to the energy management contract meet the technical requirements stipulated in the General Rules for Energy Management Contract (GB/T24915-2010) issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the State Standardization Administration.

28

Before December 31, 2017, the ticket income of popular science units, as well as the ticket income of party and government departments at or above the county level and the Association for Science and Technology to carry out popular science activities.

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. The certification materials of the science and technology department for the identification of popular science activities and popular science bases.

29

The government-run institutions of higher learning, secondary schools and primary schools engaged in academic education (excluding subordinate units) all the income obtained from holding advanced courses and training courses belongs to the school.

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.
2. The original and photocopy of the certificate approved by the relevant department.
3. The original and photocopy of the payment book for the special account of fiscal revenue remittance.
4. unified account certification materials provided by the school.
5. Relevant certification materials on income from holding refresher courses and training courses.

30

Vocational schools established by the government mainly provide internship places for students in school, which are funded by the school and managed by the school, and the operating income belongs to the school. They are engaged in the business activities of "modern services" (excluding financial leasing services, advertising services and other modern services) and "life services" (excluding cultural and sports services, other life services and saunas and oxygen bars) in the Notes on Sales Services, Intangible Assets or Real Estate.

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.
2. The original and photocopy of the certificate approved by the relevant department.
3. The original and photocopy of the payment book for the special account of fiscal revenue remittance.
4. unified account certification materials provided by the school.
5. Description of the enterprise’s site, funders, operation, etc. and relevant certification materials on the income from sales services.

31

The income of domestic service enterprises from domestic service provided by employee domestic servants.

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.
2. The original and photocopy of the business license of the enterprise.
3. The original and photocopy of the labor contract or service agreement signed by the enterprise and the domestic servant for half a year or more.
4. The list of social insurance such as basic old-age insurance, basic medical insurance, work-related injury insurance and unemployment insurance paid in full by the enterprise for the domestic workers on a monthly basis, or the domestic workers put forward in writing that they will no longer pay social insurance, and issue a certificate issued by their township or original unit that they have paid relevant insurance.
5. The enterprise actually pays a list of wages not lower than the minimum wage standard approved by the provincial people’s government to the domestic helpers through financial institutions.

32

Income from the issuance of welfare lottery tickets and sports lottery tickets

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.
2. Relevant certification materials that taxpayers can engage in welfare lottery and sports lottery issuance.

3. Relevant certification materials of income.

33

Rental income of military spare real estate

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.
2. Relevant certification materials that the property belongs to the army.

3. Real estate lease contract.

34

In order to cooperate with the reform of the national housing system, the income obtained by enterprises and administrative institutions from the sale of housing at the cost price and standard price of housing reform

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.
2 provide housing reform approval and other relevant certification materials.
3 sale of housing contracts and income proof materials.

35

Transfer land use rights to agricultural producers for agricultural production.

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.
2 original and photocopy of the contract for the transfer of land use rights.

36

Individuals involved in the division of family property transfer real estate and land use rights free of charge.

1. Registration Form for Personal Free Donation of Real Estate.
2. The original and photocopy of the house property right certificate and the land use right certificate.
3. The original and photocopy of the identity certificates of both parties shall be transferred free of charge, and the original and photocopy of the identity certificate of the donee shall be provided if the will is inherited.
4. The following information should be provided separately:
(1) divorce property division, provide the original divorce certificate, property division agreement confirmed by the civil affairs department or the original and photocopy of the court judgment.
(2) If the real estate or land use right is inherited, the original and photocopy of the notarial certificate of inheritance right issued by the notary office shall be provided.
(3) If the testator disposes of the real estate and land use right, the original and photocopy of the testamentary notarial certificate, testamentary succession certificate or bequest certificate issued by the notary office shall be provided.
(4) If the donor is given free of charge to the person who bears the obligation of direct support or maintenance, the original and photocopy of the judgment of the people’s court that proves the support or maintenance relationship between the donor and the donee, or the original and photocopy of the notarial certificate issued by the notary office, or the original and photocopy of the support or maintenance relationship certificate issued by the township government or sub-district office.
(5) In other cases, provide the original and photocopy of the judgment of the people’s court that proves the kinship between the donor and the donee, or the original and photocopy of the notarial certificate issued by the notary office; The original and photocopy of the notarial certificate of the property owner’s gift and the donee’s acceptance of the gift, or the notarial certificate of the gift contract jointly handled by both parties.

37

Land owners transfer land use rights and land users return land use rights to land owners.

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.
2. The land use right is returned to the land owner, and the relevant certification materials of the land owner’s return of income.

38

The local people’s governments at or above the county level or the administrative departments of natural resources transfer, transfer or recover the right to use natural resources (excluding land use rights).

Two copies of the Registration Form for Taxpayer’s Tax Reduction and Exemption.

39

Employment of dependents

1 for the placement of dependents employment and new enterprises:
(1) 2 copies of the Registration Form for Taxpayers’ Tax Reduction and Exemption.
(2) the original and photocopy of the certificate of dependents issued by the political and logistics organs at or above the military level.

(3) The original and photocopy of the certification materials of "enterprises with dependents reaching the specified proportion" jointly issued by the political and logistics organs at or above the military level and stamped with the official seal of the army.

2 dependents engaged in self-employment:
(1) 2 copies of the Registration Form for Taxpayers’ Tax Reduction and Exemption.
(2) the original and photocopy of the certificate issued by the political organ at or above the division level that can show the identity of the dependents.

40

Employment of demobilized military cadres

1 engaged in self-employed demobilized military cadres:
(1) 2 copies of the Registration Form for Taxpayers’ Tax Reduction and Exemption.
(2) the original and photocopy of the transfer certificate issued by the troops at or above the division level.
(3) Other information required by the competent tax authorities.
2. Newly established enterprises for the employment of demobilized military cadres who choose their own jobs:
(1) 2 copies of the Registration Form for Taxpayers’ Tax Reduction and Exemption.
(2) Description of the proportion of employed demobilized cadres to all on-the-job employees.
(3) the original and photocopy of the transfer certificate issued by the troops at or above the division level.

41

Cross-border service

1 "Cross-border taxable services tax exemption filing form";
2. Original and photocopy of the cross-border service contract;
3. If the service takes place overseas, the original and photocopy of the proof materials that the service place is overseas shall be submitted;
4. To provide cross-border services to overseas units, the certification materials that the service recipient’s institution is located overseas and all the service income is obtained from overseas shall be submitted;
5. Other materials required by the tax authorities.
If the original of the cross-border service contract is in a foreign language, a Chinese translation shall be provided and signed by the legal representative (person in charge) or sealed by the unit. If the original overseas materials cannot be provided, only a copy can be provided, marked with the words "the copy is consistent with the original", and signed by the legal representative (person in charge) or sealed by the unit; If the original of overseas materials is in a foreign language, a Chinese translation shall be provided and signed by the legal representative (person in charge) or sealed by the unit. If the competent tax authorities have doubts about the overseas certification materials submitted, they may require taxpayers to provide certification materials issued by overseas notary departments.

forty-two

Ship inspection service of ABS classification society

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. Original and photocopy of the identity certificate of ABS Classification Society of the United States.

43

Qinghai-Tibet railway transportation service

Two copies of the Registration Form for Taxpayer’s Tax Reduction and Exemption.

forty-four

Universal postal service and special postal service

Two copies of the Registration Form for Taxpayer’s Tax Reduction and Exemption.

45

Before December 31, 2016, the interest income of farmers’ small loans from farmers’ self-reliance service agencies (centers) and small loan companies

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2 farmers’ residence certificate issued by the township.

3 farmers’ self-reliance service agencies (centers), small loan companies and farmers signed a small loan contract.

4 farmers’ self-reliance service center (center) is organized by Zhonghe Rural Credit Cooperative Project Management Co., Ltd. and China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation; Proof of the establishment of a small loan company by Zhonghe Rural Credit Cooperative Project Management Co., Ltd..

46

Disposal of non-performing assets by asset companies

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.

2. Original and photocopy of the contract or agreement for transfer and financial lease.

3. Relevant certification materials on the income from disposal of non-performing assets (including interest income from accepting non-performing creditor’s rights, income from assets and project evaluation and audit services).

II. VAT refund upon collection

one

Pipeline transportation service

1 pipeline transportation service enterprises to apply for qualification filing materials to be submitted:
(1) 2 copies of the Registration Form for Taxpayers’ Tax Reduction and Exemption.
(2) The original and photocopy of the business license.
2 pipeline transportation service enterprises to apply for tax refund information to be submitted:
(1) Application Form for Tax Refund (Refund).
(2) enterprise tax refund application report (list the basic information of the enterprise, pipeline transportation income, calculation of tax paid and tax refund amount, etc., and affix the official seal of the enterprise).
(3) People’s Republic of China (PRC) Tax Payment Letter (Special for Bank Collection) or People’s Republic of China (PRC) Tax Payment Certificate (original and photocopy).

2

Tangible movable property financing lease

1. Materials to be submitted by the tangible movable property financial leasing enterprise to apply for qualification filing:
(1) 2 copies of the Registration Form for Taxpayers’ Tax Reduction and Exemption.
(2) The original and photocopy of the certificate that the People’s Bank of China, the China Banking Regulatory Commission and the Ministry of Commerce approved the enterprise to operate the financial leasing business.

(3) The original and photocopy of the certificate that the provincial commerce department authorized by the Ministry of Commerce and the National Economic and Technological Development Zone approved the enterprise to engage in financial leasing business; Original and photocopy of the time proof materials on whether the paid-in capital of the enterprise reaches 170 million yuan and 170 million yuan. Enterprises only need to provide the first and second information or the first and third information when applying for filing.
2. Materials to be submitted by tangible movable property financial leasing enterprises when applying for tax refund:
(1) Application Form for Tax Refund (Refund).
(2) An application report for enterprise tax refund (stating the basic information of the enterprise, the operation of the tangible movable property financing lease project, the calculation of the tax paid and the tax refund amount, etc., with the official seal of the enterprise affixed).
(3) Original and photocopy of the contract for the tangible movable property financing lease project involved in the tax refund.
(4) People’s Republic of China (PRC) Tax Payment Letter (Special for Bank Collection) or People’s Republic of China (PRC) Tax Payment Certificate (original and photocopy).

III. Deduction of VAT items

one

Retired soldiers start their own businesses and obtain employment.

1. Self-employed retired soldiers provide:
① 2 copies of the Registration Form for Taxpayer’s Tax Reduction and Exemption.
(2) The original and photocopy of the Certificate of Discharged Servicemen of China People’s Liberation Army or the Certificate of Discharged Servicemen of China People’s Liberation Army.

2 resettlement enterprises to provide:
① 2 copies of the Registration Form for Taxpayer’s Tax Reduction and Exemption.
(2) the original and photocopy of the "China People’s Liberation Army conscripts discharged from active service certificate" or "China People’s Liberation Army noncommissioned officers discharged from active service certificate" for newly recruited self-employed retired soldiers.
(3) the original and photocopy of the labor contract (copy) signed between the enterprise and the newly recruited self-employed retired soldiers, the list of salary payment, and the record of social insurance premiums paid by the enterprise for employees.
④ Work schedule of self-employed retired soldiers in enterprises this year.

2

Entrepreneurial employment of key groups

1 entrepreneurs engaged in individual business to provide:
① 2 copies of the Registration Form for Taxpayer’s Tax Reduction and Exemption.
② Employment and Entrepreneurship Certificate (marked with "self-employment tax policy" or "self-employment tax policy within graduation year") or Employment and Unemployment Registration Certificate (marked with "self-employment tax policy" or attached with "self-employment certificate for college graduates") obtained before January 27, 2015.
③ Original and photocopy of personal identification.
2 resettlement enterprises to provide:
① 2 copies of the Registration Form for Taxpayer’s Tax Reduction and Exemption.
(2) Employment and Entrepreneurship Certificate or Employment and Unemployment Registration Certificate obtained before January 27, 2015 (marked with "enterprise tax absorption policy").
(3) the original and photocopy of the labor contract or service agreement, salary payment and social insurance payment list.

Fourth, specific projects

one

Individual housing sales are exempt from VAT.

1 "taxpayer tax relief registration form" 2 copies.
2. Original and photocopy of the house purchase and sale agreement.
3. The original and photocopy of the house property certificate.
4. Original and photocopy of deed tax payment certificate.
5. Original and photocopy of identity certificates of both parties to the transaction.