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　　On the morning of May 22nd, Guilin Meteorological Observatory of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region released the first rainstorm red warning signal this year. Storm accompanied by thunderous thunder swept through the urban area of Guilin, and waterlogging occurred in many places. Cars driving on the road were like sailing.

　　Meteorological monitoring data show that the local three-hour precipitation in Xiufeng District of Guilin City is 300.1 mm, and the hourly rainfall intensity is 160.6 mm, which is comparable to the "July 20" torrential rain in Zhengzhou in 2021.

　　So, how strong is the rain in Guilin? What caused this extremely heavy precipitation? What impact has it brought to the local area? Tang Qiaoyi, director of Guilin Meteorological Observatory, made an interpretation.

　　1. How strong is the rain in Guilin?

　　A: The characteristics of short-term heavy precipitation in this process are obvious, the precipitation period is particularly concentrated, and the hourly rain intensity is particularly strong. From the early morning of the 22nd to the morning, there were heavy rains and torrential rains in Guilin, and local heavy rains and torrential rains. Lingchuan, Lingui, downtown Guilin, Yongfu and Gongcheng successively issued rainstorm red warning signal.

　　According to statistics, from 5: 00 to 8: 00 on May 22, the precipitation in three hours reached 300.1 mm, and the hourly rainfall intensity reached 160.6 mm, breaking the historical record of hourly rainfall intensity in downtown Guilin.

　　Compared with the "July 20" torrential rain in Zhengzhou in 2021, a rare continuous heavy precipitation weather process occurred in Zhengzhou from 18: 00 on July 18 to 0: 00 on July 21, 2021. The maximum hourly rainfall intensity exceeded 200 mm, and the cumulative average precipitation was 449 mm. It rained for nearly a whole year in previous years in three days (the average annual precipitation in Zhengzhou was about 600 mm).

　　The average annual precipitation in Guilin is between 1800 mm and 1900 mm. As far as the extreme precipitation process in Guilin is concerned, although the daily precipitation at individual stations reached the magnitude of torrential rain and broke the record of hourly rainfall intensity, the rain can flow away quickly because of the criss-crossing rivers and ditches in Guilin, and the precipitation process was mainly concentrated in the early morning to 10: 00, and then the rainfall intensity began to weaken and the urban waterlogging quickly receded, so the harm of this extreme precipitation process to Guilin was far less serious than that in Zhengzhou.

　　2. What caused this extremely heavy precipitation?

　　A: From the early morning of the 22nd to the morning, the extremely heavy precipitation weather in the north-central part of Guilin was mainly affected by the shear line, the low-level southwest jet and the weak cold air.

　　The shear line convergence is relatively strong, which provides dynamic conditions for heavy precipitation; The southwest jet in the lower level is strong, which provides unstable energy and sufficient water vapor source for heavy precipitation.

　　What is important is that during this process, the cold air in the north and the warm and humid jet in the southwest confronted each other in northern Guangxi, and the two sides were "unable to win or lose" for a while, which led to the slow movement of the weather system and the long stay of convective clouds in northern Guangxi, thus bringing about continuous heavy precipitation.

　　3. What is the impact of this extremely heavy precipitation?

　　A: This rain has a great impact on the urban area of Guilin. There has never been such a big extremely short-term heavy precipitation process in the urban area before. Affected by heavy precipitation, Guilin city was seriously waterlogged, traffic on some sections was interrupted, and local schools were suspended.

　　In response to this heavy precipitation process, the Guilin Meteorological Observatory released meteorological service information the day before, that is, on the morning of May 21st, to remind you to guard against this weather process. In the early morning of the 22nd, the duty room of Guilin Meteorological Observatory was busy, with the leaders in charge leading the way, and all business personnel on duty, paying close attention to the weather evolution trend. At 2: 05, a yellow warning signal for lightning was issued, a blue warning signal for gale was issued at 4: 17, an orange warning signal for rainstorm was issued at 4: 45, and the first rainstorm red warning signal this year was updated at 5: 32.

　　At 5: 55, according to the meteorological early warning and flood development trend of Guilin Meteorological Observatory, Guilin Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters launched Class IV emergency response to flood disaster. We made a phone call to the local party and government leaders’ mobile phones, to the duty room of the emergency bureau, and to every street office affected … … The latest forecast and early warning information is sent to the city, county, township and village levels through multiple channels at the first time, which provides support for flood control emergency command and dispatch, mass transfer organization and leadership decision-making.

　　Municipal Water Conservancy Bureau, Hydrological Center, Natural Resources Bureau, Urban Management Committee, Education Bureau, etc. all perform their duties and cooperate with each other. The local authorities strictly implemented the requirement of "everything must stop" and organized schools to suspend classes in time to avoid risks. According to the Guilin Evening News, as of 10: 00 on the 22nd, a total of 371 schools in downtown Guilin were closed, involving 139,813 students.

　　4. What will the local precipitation be like in the future?

　　A: At noon on the 22nd, the heavy precipitation clouds were far away from Guilin, and the impact on the urban area tended to end. Guilin Meteorological Observatory cancelled the orange rainstorm warning signal at 12: 51 on the 22nd and the yellow lightning warning signal at 14: 45.

　　It is expected that the weather in Guilin will be mainly cloudy on the 23 rd; There was a shower on the 24th; There will be showers on the 25th, and there may be some heavy rain, but the precipitation intensity will not be as strong as this precipitation process on the 22nd.

　　Influenced by the underlying surface, the precipitation in Guilin is obviously localized, so it is necessary to pay attention to the floods in small and medium-sized rivers and urban waterlogging caused by local heavy precipitation in flood season. It is particularly important to note that there are many karst landforms in Guilin, and if precipitation is superimposed in the later period, there is a greater risk of disasters such as flash floods, mudslides and landslides.

　　The public should pay attention to prevent short-term heavy rainfall, thunderstorms, hail and other strong convective weather, and the power, transportation, tourism and other industries should guard against its adverse effects.

It seems that the dual-clutch gearbox has always had a bad reputation in the market, saying that it is all kinds of setbacks, and then the low-speed shift is irregular, and there are some design defects and some ghosts. Actually, I agree with you.

Although the dual clutch does bring some uncomfortable experiences at low speed, it also has its own outstanding advantages, such as high shift efficiency and fast shift speed, and makes the power almost seamlessly connected. However, there are also wet and dry types in powershift. Generally speaking, the wet type will be better, because the heat dissipation will be better, and it will not prompt the gearbox to overheat and then start the overheating protection because of a little intense driving …

Because of the special structure system and logical thinking of the dual clutch, it still needs some skills to be "comfortable" when driving a dual clutch vehicle. Let me give the dual clutch a wave of "rehabilitation".

Don’t let the clutch whine

Many owners of dual clutch gearboxes complain that their dual clutches are easily broken, but most of them are caused by improper use. For example, when stopping at a red light, many car owners like to step on the brakes, and then the car stops, just fine. The brakes are not stepped to the end. In fact, this is very burning the clutch plate, which is equivalent to the manual car stepping on the brakes without stepping on the clutch. Originally, the clutch plate was replaced about 80 thousand kilometers, and then the clutch plate of 50 thousand kilometers was GG.

Make more use of neutral position

Many old drivers like to stop and step on the foot brake, which is very irrational and even stupid. N-block is for you to stop for a short time. Others are good to say. If the vehicles in powershift keep stepping on the brakes when parking, the loss of your vehicles will be much greater than others. So it’s always right to park in N gear and be diligent.

Remember to step on the brake to the end.

If you change gears frequently in traffic jam, it will be troublesome, so I will teach you a method, that is, brake to the end, so that the clutch plate will loosen, because the computer has detected that you have to park.

Don’t worry about starting.

Many car owners who drive dual clutch vehicles often report that when they start in D gear, they don’t understand when they step on the accelerator. This is because the clutch plate will have 0.7 seconds to engage in the semi-clutch state after you put it in gear, so the engine will idle before stepping on the accelerator, and the best way is to wait for the idle speed to bring the car up before stepping on the accelerator.

Try to avoid low-speed peristalsis

Many times, when a female driver with dual clutch stops in the basement, the temperature of the gearbox is too high and she needs to stop to dissipate heat because of moving the car for a long time. That’s because the clutch plates are always in a state of semi-linkage. If the friction time is too long, the protection mechanism will be activated. Therefore, when driving a dual-clutch car at a low speed, it must be wretched and don’t wave.

　　[Global Network Military Report on May 7] According to a report on the website of the US Army Times on May 4, the US Navy "Seals" commandos who died in Iraq on the 3 rd were members of a rapid reaction force. Their task was to pick up a US military operational advisory group that was attacked by "Islamic State" militants in the Kurdish region of Iraq. At 7: 50 in the morning, after receiving the report of "the troops were attacked", the US military commander ordered the rapid reaction unit where the special forces staff sergeant Charlie Keating was located to join the battle and assist those US military advisers to evacuate. When Keating and his troops arrived in the village, they found that Kurdish armed forces and American military advisers were engaged in fierce melee with the enemy.

　　A national defense official said on the 3rd that at 7: 30 in the morning, about 125 "Islamic State" militants suddenly attacked the town of Taylor Askov.The militants acted in groups, with 20 armored vehicles and several car bombs, trapping more than 10 US military operational advisers. These consultants were on a one-day mission in the local area at that time, meeting with Kurdish a freedom fighter militants who had several operational outposts near the area controlled by the Islamic State.

　　"There were bullets everywhere," said Colonel steve warren, a spokesman for the US Department of Defense in Baghdad. He (Keating) was hit in this gun battle. " Warren said that Keating was shot at 9: 30 am that day, and was taken by helicopter to the US military medical center in nearby Abiel for treatment at 10: 19 am, but died shortly after.

　　Warren said that it is very rare to use the rapid reaction force in Iraq. The battle on the 3rd was the first time in several months that an American army called for emergency operations support. Keating, 31, is the third American soldier killed in Iraq since the US-led Coalition forces began to fight against the "Islamic State". At present, the US military is sending more ground troops to combat the "Islamic State" in Iraq and Syria.

　　The US military operational advisory group entered the town of Taylor Askov at dawn. The town is less than 5 miles (1 mile is about 1.6 kilometers) from the area controlled by the "Islamic State". Warren said that the U.S. military commander had ordered the rapid reaction force to assemble and stand by in advance in case the U.S. military "advice and assistance" team was in danger.

　　The "Islamic State" militants and their convoy of 20 vehicles entered the area without the knowledge of US military consultants and Kurdish armed intelligence personnel. Warren said, "You can’t monitor every inch of land all the time."

　　Warren said: "The enemy was able to gather enough troops in a very secret way, including several car bombs and some bulldozers, and of course their infantry. They were able to cross the local Kurdish armed defense line, cross the front line and advance rapidly to the town of Taylor Askov. There is their goal. "

　　The photos of the battle posted by the "Islamic State" on social media show that its militants drove several American Hummer military vehicles equipped with simple armor and a modified pickup truck equipped with heavy anti-aircraft machine guns. Warren said that there is no evidence that the "Islamic State" militants knew that there were Americans in the town when they launched the attack.

　　Warren said that shortly after the fighting started, American planes arrived over the town of Taylor Askov, including drones, F-15s and F-16s, several B-52s and A-10s. These planes dropped dozens of bombs, destroying all 20 armored vehicles of the "Islamic State" militants, as well as two cars, a bulldozer and three mortars. According to Warren’s estimation, 58 "Islamic State" militants were killed in the air raid.

CCTV News:Recently, the problem of sulfur dioxide exceeding the standard in Linfen City, Shanxi Province has aroused widespread concern. As a typical resource-based city in the north, the ambient air quality in Linfen City has turned sharply since the winter of 2016, and heavy smog weather has continued to appear. Up to now, Linfen City has experienced six heavy pollution weather processes, which lasted for 48 days and issued 13 heavy pollution weather warnings. On January 4, 2017, the air quality index (AQI) of monitoring points in Linfen City continued to rise, and the concentration of SO2 (sulfur dioxide) was as high as 1,300 μ g/m3, exceeding the national third-class standard ("minimum requirements for people to be exposed to acute health damage in the short and medium term") by more than 1,000, ranking first in 388 cities in China, 719 higher than the second.

On the 15th, Shanxi Provincial Environmental Protection Department announced that after three days’ investigation and analysis, the joint expert group of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Shanxi Province has preliminarily identified five reasons for the excessive concentration of sulfur dioxide in Linfen:

First, coal consumption is large.From 2013 to 2016, the city’s coal consumption in Linfen increased from 30 million tons to 36.6 million tons, of which coking coal accounted for a high proportion, accounting for 65.3%, followed by power generation coal of 9.7 million tons, accounting for 26.5%.

Second, residents’ loose coal combustion emissions have aggravated sulfur dioxide pollution in winter.According to preliminary estimates, the annual sulfur dioxide emissions from coal-fired heating (except cogeneration) in six counties and cities (districts) along the Fenhe River in Linfen City are about 38,000 tons, accounting for 45% of the annual sulfur dioxide emissions. When winter enters the heating season, the proportion is even more prominent, accounting for about 70%. Among them, the emissions from heating boilers other than cogeneration account for 13% of the living sources.

Third, the promotion and use of clean coke did not achieve the expected results.Although clean coke is widely used in urban areas, due to its high burning point and difficulty in bank up, some people abandon the distributed clean coke, some mix clean coke with inferior coal, and a small number of clean coke fail to meet the sulfur index, and the amount of sulfur dioxide emitted by residents in urban areas and surrounding areas is still large.

Fourth, the transformation of coal-fired heating boilers and clean energy lags behind.At present, there are still 86 130-ton coal-fired boilers in urban areas, and there are basically no desulfurization measures. Although clean coke is used, the sulfur dioxide emission is still very large, which has a direct impact on the sulfur dioxide index in urban areas.

Fifth, there is no on-line monitoring for central heating in Dongcheng, the desulfurization device is ineffective, the factory area is messy and the management measures are not in place.(CCTV reporter Hu Xiaodong)

　　Covid-19 is thought to originate from bats, and it is 96.2% similar to RaTG13 (collected by Shi Zhengli, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Yunnan, China in 2013) in nucleotide sequence level. However, it is a kind of novel coronavirus that has not been detected in humans and other animals before, and its appearance has brought many new problems to be solved urgently, including whether other pets, livestock and poultry may be infected by Covid-19 besides humans?

　　On April 8th, local time, the top academic journal Science published the paper "Susceptibility of Ferrets, Cats, Dogs, and Different Domestic Animals to SARS-coronavirus-2" online. The purpose of this study is to find out some questions: Will Covid-19 be transmitted to other animal species, thus becoming a "reservoir" of infection? Covid-19 infection has many clinical manifestations in humans, ranging from mild infection to death, so how is it manifested in other animals? With the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs, which animals can be used to simulate the effects of these drugs or vaccines on humans most accurately?

　　In order to solve these problems, research teams from the State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology of Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the National High-level Biosafety Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control evaluated the susceptibility of different model experimental animals, pets and livestock to Covid-19, infected Covid-19 through experiments, observed the clinical manifestations and pathological changes of vaccinated animals and cohabiting animals, and detected the viral load of organs and tissues, the emission of respiratory and intestinal viruses, and the seroconversion of antibodies against Covid-19 in animals.

　　Their research shows that Covid-19 has weak replication ability in dogs, pigs, chickens and ducks, but it can replicate efficiently in ferrets’ upper respiratory tract and cats’ respiratory system and digestive system. Experimental infected cats can spread Covid-19 through the air; Some cats can cause serious illness or even death after infection, and the illness of young cats is obviously more serious than that of older cats.

　　Histopathological observation confirmed that virus infection in cats can cause lung inflammation and intestinal mucosal damage to varying degrees. Immunohistochemical study showed that there were a large number of virus infections in mucosal epithelium and olfactory bulb cells of upper respiratory tract (nasal cavity, maxilla, tonsil), mucous gland epithelial cells of trachea and bronchial mucosa, and intestinal mucosal epithelium.

　　The correspondent of this paper is Chen Hualan, academician of China Academy of Sciences, chief scientist of the innovation team of animal influenza basic and prevention research in Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Bu Zhigao, director of Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and director of the national high-level biosafety laboratory for animal disease prevention and control, and Wu Guizhen, secretary of the Party Committee of Institute of Viral Disease Prevention and Control of China CDC and director of BSL-3 laboratory. Previously, on March 31st, local time, the research team had taken the lead in publishing the research on the preprint platform bioRxiv.

　　It is worth mentioning that the National High-level Biosafety Laboratory for Animal Disease Prevention and Control is one of the existing two P4 laboratories in China, and the other is in Wuhan National Biosafety Laboratory of Chinese Academy of Sciences. All the experiments of Covid-19 infection in this study were carried out in P4 laboratory, which was approved by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China. Animal research and animal welfare programs were approved by the Animal Experimental Ethics Committee of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

　　According to the press release issued by official website, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, different coronaviruses have been prevalent in mammals and poultry, but most of these coronaviruses are limited to specific species of animals and generally cannot infect humans. Similarly, several common coronaviruses in humans do not infect other animals. However, some coronaviruses from bats, such as SARS and MERS virus, can often infect many animals and humans.

　　At present, Covid-19 is popular among a wide range of people in the world, and the risk of introducing animals in close contact with human beings is increasing. Therefore, it is urgent to study the susceptibility of domestic animals in close contact with human beings to Covid-19, evaluate whether domestic animals are exposed to Covid-19 hazards and become potential intermediate hosts, and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of Covid-19.

　　In addition, in view of the current global epidemic situation of COVID-19, it is very likely that it will evolve into a common infectious disease, and it is urgent to establish a stable and reliable animal infection model to meet the needs of vaccine and drug research and development evaluation.

　　The research team stressed that the monitoring of cat COVID-19 should be regarded as an auxiliary means to eliminate the current Covid-19 epidemic. They called for close monitoring and protection of cats in epidemic areas, avoiding their contact with infectious sources and preventing them from becoming possible transmission hosts or storage hosts.

　　In addition, it was previously questioned that cats infected with COVID-19 were caused by large doses under laboratory conditions. However, in addition to this research, on April 3rd, Academician Jin Meilin, professor of the State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Huazhong Agricultural University, director of the Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Preparations of the Ministry of Agriculture, director of the Research Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and researcher Shi Zhengli, director of the Key Laboratory of Highly Pathogenic Biology and Biosafety of Chinese Academy of Sciences, also published a study on the preprint platform bioRxiv. Through the investigation of cat serum, they found that the serum ELISA test of 102 cats collected after the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan showed that the serum from 15 cats (14.7%) was positive for Covid-19 receptor binding domain (RBD).

　　Nadia, a 4-year-old tiger from Bronx Zoo in new york, USA, was recently diagnosed with Covid-19. On April 5, local time, the US Department of Agriculture issued a statement confirming that a tiger in a zoo in new york was diagnosed with Covid-19, and several other lions and tigers also showed symptoms of respiratory diseases. Officials at the Bronx Zoo in new york said that nadia, three other tigers and three African lions had symptoms of dry cough and loss of appetite, but they are expected to recover. Public health officials believe that these animals were infected by an asymptomatic employee.

　　Covid-19 can be replicated in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets for up to 8 days, but it will not cause serious illness or death.

　　Ferrets are often used as animal models of human respiratory viruses. Therefore, the research team first tested ferrets’ sensitivity to Covid-19.

　　Two Covid-19 strains were used in this study: F13-E from Wuhan South China Seafood Market and CTan-H from a patient infected with Covid-19.

　　The research team inoculated 10 5 PFU (Plaque Forming Unit) F13-E or CTan-H into ferrets through nose respectively, and euthanized them on the 4th day after inoculation (P.I.). The turbinate, soft palate, tonsil, trachea, lung, heart, spleen, kidney, pancreas, small intestine, brain and liver of each ferret were collected, and the viral RNA was determined by qPCR and virus titration.

　　Viral RNA：A in ferrets’ organs or tissues: A, F13-E, B, CTAN-H..

　　The results showed that viral RNA and infectious virus were detected in the turbinate, soft palate and tonsil of all four ferrets, but not in other tissues.

　　C, virus titer in organs or tissues of ferrets inoculated with F13-E, D and CTAN-H.

　　The research team believes that these results show that Covid-19 can replicate in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets, but it has not been detected in other tissues.

　　In order to study the replication dynamics of virus in ferrets, the research team intranasally inoculated 6 ferrets with 10^5pfu of F13-E(3) or CTan-H(3), and then placed them in three isolated cages. On the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th day, ferret nasal wash and rectal swab were collected for virus RNA detection and virus titration. At the same time, their body temperature and COVID-19 signs were monitored for two weeks.

　　Viral RNA in the nasal wash of ferrets inoculated with F13-E(E) and CTan-H(F). Viral titers in the nasal wash of ferrets inoculated with F13-E(G) and CTan-H(H).

　　The results showed that viral RNA was found in the nasal wash of all six ferrets on the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th day. Viral RNA was also found in some rectal swabs, but the copy number was significantly lower than that of nasal wash. Infectious virus was detected in nasal wash of all ferrets, but none of them was found in rectal swab.

　　One ferret in each group developed fever and loss of appetite on the 10th and 12th days respectively. In order to investigate whether these symptoms are caused by virus replication in the lower respiratory tract, the research team euthanized the two ferrets on the 13th day and collected their organs for virus RNA detection.

　　However, except for the ferret turbinate inoculated with CTan-H, the low copy number was detected, and no viral RNA was detected in any other tissues or organs.

　　Pathological studies showed that two ferrets euthanized on the 13th day had severe lymphoplasmacytic vasculitis and vasculitis, the number of type II alveolar cells, macrophages and neutrophils in alveolar septa and alveolar cavities increased, and the lungs had mild bronchiolitis.

　　The asterisk indicates that the animals were euthanized on the 13th day after inoculation, and the other four animals were euthanized on the 20th day.

　　Covid-19 antibody was detected in all ferrets by ELISA and neutralization test, and the antibody titers of two ferrets euthanized on the 13th day were significantly lower than those euthanized on the 20th day.

　　In order to further study whether Covid-19 was replicated in ferrets’ lungs, the research team inoculated 8 ferrets with 10^5 pfu of CTan-H through trachea, and euthanized 2 animals on the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 14th days, respectively, and detected virus RNA in tissues and organs.

　　Among the two ferrets euthanized on the second day and the two ferrets euthanized on the fourth day, the researchers only detected viral RNA； in the turbinate and soft palate of one of them. Among the two ferrets euthanized on the eighth day, viral RNA； was detected in the soft palate of one ferret and in the turbinate, soft palate, tonsil and trachea of the other ferret. No viral RNA was detected in the two ferrets euthanized on the 14th day.

　　These results indicate that Covid-19 can replicate in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets for up to 8 days without causing serious illness or death.

　　At the end of the paper, the research team also mentioned that, comparatively speaking, Covid-19 is different from other influenza viruses that can replicate in the upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract of ferrets, and even human SARS-CoV. Covid-19 is only replicated in ferrets’ nasal bones, soft palate and tonsils. It can also replicate in the digestive tract, but even if the virus is inoculated in the trachea, the virus is still not detected in the lungs of ferrets.

　　Cats are highly susceptible to "cat-to-cat transmission": the monitoring of cat Covid-19 should be regarded as an auxiliary means of epidemic prevention and control.

　　It is worth noting that cats and dogs are in close contact with humans, so the research team thinks that besides laboratory animals like ferrets, it is very important to know the susceptibility of domestic animals that often live with humans to COVID-19 for the control of Covid-19.

　　The research team first studied the replication of Covid-19 in cats. Five 8-month-old subadult domestic cats (inbred lines) were intranasally inoculated with 10^5pfu of CTan-H, and two of them were scheduled to be euthanized on the sixth day to evaluate the virus replication in their organs. Three cats were put in separate cages in the isolator. In order to monitor the spread of respiratory droplets, an uninfected cat was placed in a cage adjacent to each cat vaccinated with the virus.

　　Because 8-month-old cats are aggressive, it is difficult to carry out routine nasal cleaning on them. In order to avoid possible harm, the research team collected the feces of these cats and checked the viral RNA in their organs after euthanasia.

　　Virus RNA was detected in the nasal bone, soft palate and tonsils of two sub-adult domestic cats euthanized on the 6th day, and virus RNA was also detected in the trachea of one cat and the small intestine of the other cat. However, no viral RNA was detected in any lung samples of these two cats.

　　Infectious viruses were detected in the nasal bones, soft palate, tonsils and trachea of these cats, but no infectious viruses were found in the small intestine with positive viral RNA.

　　The spread of Covid-19 among cats.

　　In the study of virus transmission, RNA virus was detected in the feces of two vaccinated cats on the third day, and RNA virus was detected in the feces of all three vaccinated cats on the fifth day. Among the three cats at risk of virus exposure, viral RNA was detected in the feces of one cat on the third day.

　　Virus-infected cats with positive feces were euthanized on the 11th day. Virus RNA was detected in the soft palate and tonsils of the infected cats and in the nasal bones, soft palate, tonsils and trachea of the exposed cats, indicating that respiratory droplets spread between cats.

　　On the 12th day, the research team euthanized the remaining cats. Viral RNA was detected in the tonsils of one virus-infected cat and the nasal bone, soft palate, tonsils and trachea of another virus-infected cat, but it was not detected in any organ or tissue of the two virus-exposed cats.

　　Through ELISA and neutralization test, Covid-19 antibody was detected in all three cats inoculated with virus and one cat exposed to virus.

　　Covid-19 replicates efficiently in respiratory system and digestive system of infected cats, causing pathological damage and inflammatory reaction. Histopathological and immunohistochemical study on cats that died or were euthanized three days after virus infection. (a) The arrangement of nasal mucosa epithelium is disordered, cilia fall off (arrow), and lymphocytes in lamina propria infiltrate (arrow). (b) The tonsil epithelial cells are degenerated and necrotic, and the surface of mucosal epithelium (asterisk) is covered with cell fragments and neutrophils (arrow). (c) Epithelial degeneration and necrosis of tracheal mucosa (arrow), with mucus (asterisk) mixed with a large number of cell fragments on the surface. (d) Epithelial necrosis of tracheal mucous glands and infiltration of lymphocytes (arrow). (e) Normal lung tissue structure of uninfected cats. (f) Aggregation of inflammatory cells in pulmonary blood vessels and coagulation of fibrin (arrow). (g) A large number of macrophages and lymphocytes infiltrated in alveoli, that is, alveolar septa. (h) Infiltration and proliferation of alveoli and alveolar septitis. (i) Some cells in the epithelium of small intestine are degenerated and necrotic, and lymphocytes in the lamina propria are moderately infiltrated (arrow). (j) A large number of epithelial cells of turbinate mucosa were positive for virus antigen (brown). (k) A large number of exfoliated cells in tonsil mucosa epithelium and mucosa surface were positive for virus antigen (brown). (l) A large number of virus antigens were positive (brown) in serous cells of tracheal mucous glands. (m) A large number of small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells were positive for virus antigen (brown). Ruler line A, I = 100 μ m, B-H, J-L = 200 μ m, M = 500 μ m

　　The research team also repeated the above-mentioned replication and transmission research in sub-adult cats in young cats (70-100 days). Histopathological studies on the samples of young cats who died or were euthanized on the third day after being inoculated with the virus showed that the nasal cavity and tracheal mucosa epithelium and lungs of the two cats had a lot of damage.

　　These results indicate that Covid-19 can be effectively replicated in cats, and young cats are more susceptible to infection. More importantly, the virus can spread from cat to cat through respiratory droplets.

　　Next, the research team also studied the replication and spread of Covid-19 in dogs, and the results showed that dogs were less sensitive to Covid-19. Similar studies also show that pigs, chickens and ducks are not sensitive to Covid-19.

　　Overall, the research team found that ferrets and cats are highly sensitive to Covid-19, dogs are less sensitive, and domestic animals including pigs, chickens and ducks are not sensitive to the virus.

　　In addition, it is reported that Covid-19 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as its receptor to enter cells, and ACE2 is mainly expressed in type II lung cells and serous epithelial cells of ferrets’ tracheal-bronchial submucosal glands. Therefore, the research team believes that the potential mechanism to prevent Covid-19 from replicating in ferrets’ lower respiratory tract remains to be studied.

　　The results of this study show that ferrets can be used as animal models for vaccine and drug evaluation in Covid-19. Dogs, pigs, chickens and ducks are not susceptible to Covid-19, which has important guiding significance for the traceability of virus hosts; More importantly, cats are highly susceptible to Covid-19.

　　The research team called for close monitoring and protection of cats in epidemic areas to avoid contact with infectious sources and prevent them from becoming possible transmission hosts or storage hosts. The monitoring of cat COVID-19 should be regarded as an auxiliary means to eliminate the current Covid-19 epidemic.

　　Paper link: https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/early/2020/04/07/science.abb7015.full.pdf.

　　The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Resolution on the Great Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party’s Hundred Years’ Struggle (hereinafter referred to as the Resolution) adopted by the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee pointed out: "Mao Zedong Thought is Marxism–Leninism’s creative application and development in China, a correct theoretical principle and experience summary about China’s revolution and construction that has been proved by practice, and the first historic leap of China Marxism." This is a scientific summary and summary of Mao Zedong Thought. Seriously studying and implementing the spirit of the Resolution is of great theoretical and practical significance for continuing to hold high the great banner of Mao Zedong Thought and constantly pushing forward the China-oriented Marxism under the new historical conditions.

　　First, the scientific theory formed and developed in China’s revolution and construction practice.

　　The revolution in semi-colonial and semi-feudal China is confronted with the special national conditions that peasants account for the vast majority of the population, the backward and scattered small-scale peasant economy, small-scale production and its social influence are deeply rooted, and the economy and culture are very backward. What kind of road to choose to lead the China revolution to victory is the primary problem and an unprecedented problem in the history of Marxist development. Young the Communist Party of China (CPC) once simply applied Marxism–Leninism’s general principles about proletarian revolution and copied the experience of armed uprising in Russian October revolutionary cities, which made the China revolution suffer serious setbacks.

　　In the arduous exploration of the whole party to find the revolutionary road in China, Comrade Mao Zedong led the autumn harvest uprising troops to change from attacking big cities to marching into the countryside, which was a decisive new starting point for the China revolution. In the practice of revolutionary struggle, Comrade Mao Zedong scientifically analyzed the international and domestic political situation, systematically answered the problems why the red regime in China existed, expounded the theory of the trinity of agrarian revolution, armed struggle and the construction of revolutionary base areas, and put forward that the China revolution should be centered on the countryside, which opened up the correct revolutionary road. The Resolution pointed out: "the Communist Party of China (CPC) people, with Comrade Mao Zedong as the main representative, combined Marxism–Leninism’s basic principles with China’s concrete reality, made a theoretical summary of a series of original experiences accumulated through hard exploration and great sacrifice, opened up the correct revolutionary road of encircling cities from rural areas and seizing political power by armed forces, founded Mao Zedong Thought, and pointed out the correct direction for winning the victory of the new-democratic revolution."

　　The cause of Marxism in China is arduous and complicated, and it has never been smooth sailing. The process of Mao Zedong Thought’s formation and development runs through the process of fighting against "Left" and Right-leaning mistakes and profoundly summing up the historical experience in this respect. The Zunyi Conference held in 1935 actually established the leading position of Comrade Mao Zedong in the CPC Central Committee and the Red Army, and began to establish the leading position of the correct Marxist line with Comrade Mao Zedong as the main representative in the CPC Central Committee, which created important conditions for Mao Zedong Thought to mature. In October 1938, Comrade Mao Zedong clearly put forward the proposition of "China Marxism" at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the enlarged Party. At the turn of 1939 and 1940, in order to systematically clarify the Party’s theory and program, answer the question of where China is going, and better guide the revolutions in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and China, Comrade Mao Zedong published many important theoretical works, profoundly summarized and comprehensively expounded a series of major theoretical issues of the China Revolution, and formed a relatively systematic philosophy, military thinking, United front thinking and party building thinking. In particular, the systematic exposition of the theory of new democracy and the incisive demonstration of the Party’s policies and strategies are of great significance to guiding the China revolution. The creation of these theories marks the maturity of Mao Zedong Thought. The Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China established Mao Zedong Thought as the party’s guiding ideology and wrote it into party constitution. Under the guidance of Mao Zedong Thought, the Party United and led the people to create great achievements in the new-democratic revolution, and realized the national independence and people’s liberation that several generations of Chinese dreamed of.It has created fundamental social conditions for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　After the founding of New China, faced with the basic end of the new democratic revolution and the beginning of the socialist revolution, Comrade Mao Zedong further put forward and expounded the theory, principles and policies of the transition from new democracy to socialism, led the whole party and the people of the whole country to creatively open up a socialist transformation road suitable for China’s characteristics, successfully completed the task of the socialist revolution, and established the socialist system, laying an important foundation for all progress and development in China.

　　After the establishment of the basic socialist system, how to build socialism in China is a brand-new task facing the Party. Comrade Mao Zedong has made arduous explorations on the road of socialist construction suitable for the situation in China. The Resolution pointed out: "Comrade Mao Zedong proposed to’ second combine’ Marxism–Leninism’s basic principles with China’s concrete reality, and the Communist Party of China (CPC) people, with Comrade Mao Zedong as the main representative, combined with the new reality to enrich and develop Mao Zedong Thought." In April, 1956, Comrade Mao Zedong made a speech on "On Ten Major Relations" at the enlarged meeting in the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and initially put forward some new policies for China’s socialist economic and political construction, which indicated that our party had its own new and important understanding of how to build socialism. During this period, the party also put forward a series of important ideas on socialist construction, many of which are still of great guiding significance. It is also under the guidance of Mao Zedong Thought that the Party united and led the people to create great achievements in socialist revolution and construction, laying a fundamental political premise and institutional foundation for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Second, enrich and develop Marxism–Leninism with original theoretical achievements.

　　The Resolution pointed out: "Upholding and developing Marxism requires extremely arduous and challenging efforts by Marxists all over the world from theory to practice." Comrade Mao Zedong is a great pioneer of Marxism in China, and Mao Zedong Thought has added new contents to Marxism–Leninism’s theoretical treasure house with his original theoretical achievements.

　　Starting from the historical and social conditions in China, Comrade Mao Zedong deeply studied the characteristics of the China Revolution and the laws of the China Revolution, developed Marxism–Leninism’s thought on the leadership of the proletariat in the democratic revolution, and established the theory of a new-democratic revolution led by the proletariat, based on the alliance of workers and peasants, for the masses, and against imperialism, feudalism and bureaucratic capitalism, which provided a basic basis for our party to become the core of the leadership of the whole nation and create a new road of the China Revolution.

　　Comrade Mao Zedong and the Communist Party of China (CPC), based on the economic and political conditions for the transition to socialism created by the victory of the new-democratic revolution, adopted the policy of simultaneous socialist industrialization and socialist transformation, and implemented the specific policy of gradually transforming the private ownership of the means of production, thus theoretically and practically solving the difficult task of establishing a socialist system in China, a big country with nearly a quarter of the world’s population and backward economy and culture. During this period, the theory of people’s democratic dictatorship put forward by Comrade Mao Zedong greatly enriched Marxism–Leninism’s theory of proletarian dictatorship.

　　After the establishment of the socialist system, Comrade Mao Zedong creatively put forward that the socialist society is a long historical stage, strictly distinguish and correctly handle the contradictions between the enemy and ourselves and among the people, correctly handle the ten major relations in China’s socialist construction, embark on an industrialization road suitable for China’s national conditions, respect the law of value, implement the policy of "long-term coexistence and mutual supervision" in the relationship between the party and the democratic parties, and implement the policy of "letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend" in scientific and cultural work.

　　In the practice of revolution and construction, Comrade Mao Zedong systematically solved the problem of how to build a revolutionary army with farmers as the main component into a new type of people’s army with proletarian nature, strict discipline and close ties with the people. The people’s war thought put forward systematically by Comrade Mao Zedong, and the thoughts on strengthening national defense, building modern revolutionary armed forces and developing modern national defense technology are all outstanding contributions to Marxist-Leninist military theory.

　　Comrade Mao Zedong brilliantly demonstrated the extreme importance of policies and strategies, pointing out that policies and strategies are the life of the Party and the starting point and destination of all practical actions of revolutionary parties. We must formulate the Party’s policies according to the political situation, class relations, actual conditions and their changes, and combine principle with flexibility. Comrade Mao Zedong also put forward many important ideas with long-term significance in ideological and political work and cultural work.

　　It is an extremely arduous task to build a Marxist proletarian party with broad masses in a country with a small number of proletarians and strong fighting capacity, and farmers and other petty bourgeoisie account for the majority of the population. Comrade Mao Zedong’s theory of party building successfully solved this problem. Comrade Mao Zedong clearly pointed out that there must be a great party to guide the great revolution, and party building is a "great project". He put forward the principle of building the party ideologically, adhering to democratic centralism, adhering to the three fine styles of integrating theory with practice, closely contacting the masses, criticizing and self-criticizing, and forming three magic weapons of United front, armed struggle and party building. Fully foresee the new challenges facing the country’s ruling, clearly put forward that we must continue to maintain the style of modesty, prudence, arrogance and rashness, and we must continue to maintain the style of hard struggle and actively explore major issues of party building under the ruling conditions. Many of these important expositions still have strong practical pertinence, which is an important ideological weapon for our party to strengthen the construction of the ruling party.

　　The "Resolution" points out: "Mao Zedong Thought’s living soul is the position, viewpoint and method that runs through all components, which are embodied in three basic aspects: seeking truth from facts, mass line and independence." Comrade Mao Zedong applied dialectical materialism and historical materialism to all the work of proletarian political parties, and formed these positions, viewpoints and methods with the Communist Party of China (CPC) characteristics in the long and arduous struggle of China’s revolution and construction, which had a far-reaching impact on our party’s theoretical innovation and practical innovation.

　　In the process of the formation and development of Mao Zedong Thought, many outstanding leaders of our party have made important contributions. Mao Zedong Thought is the crystallization of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s collective wisdom. Mao Zedong’s scientific works are its concentrated summary.

　　Third, inherit the excellent traditional culture

　　"Resolution" pointed out that Marxist theory "must be China to take root and localization to be deeply rooted in people’s hearts". Mao Zedong Thought was created by "applying Marxism–Leninism’s scientific method to summarize China’s history, society and all revolutionary struggle experiences", "the highest expression and theoretical generalization of China’s national wisdom", "completely Marxist and completely China’s", with "fresh and lively China style and China style loved by China people".

　　In the development of Marxism in China, the history of the nation and the present situation, the form and the content of the nation have always been inseparable, and Comrade Mao Zedong has always advocated the close combination of the two. Comrade Mao Zedong once pointed out against the error of "Left" dogmatism: "No matter the history of China in the past hundred years or in ancient times, it is still dark in the minds of many party member. Many scholars in Marxism–Leninism also said that they were Greek, but they were sorry for their ancestors and forgot. The air of seriously studying the status quo is not strong, and the air of seriously studying history is not strong. " Rectifying the style of study in Yan ‘an Rectification Movement is to emphasize the study of China’s realistic struggle, as well as the modern and ancient history of China, inherit the excellent traditional culture and create a Marxist national form.

　　Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out that the culture of China for thousands of years is mainly feudal culture, so we must make a concrete analysis of it. There are many good things left by China’s history, but there are also many toxins and dross, which cannot be uncritically eclectic. "From Confucius to Sun Yat-sen, we should sum up", but "we must distinguish all the decadent things of the ancient feudal ruling class from the excellent people’s culture in ancient times, that is, something more or less democratic and revolutionary". It is a necessary condition for developing national new culture and improving national self-confidence to get rid of its feudal dross and absorb its democratic essence. The "national scientific mass culture" put forward and advocated by Comrade Mao Zedong is the "new culture of the Chinese nation" that "enhances national self-confidence".

　　The "national" culture is to oppose imperialist oppression and uphold the dignity and independence of the Chinese nation. It belongs to our nation and has the characteristics of our nation. The Communist Party of China (CPC) people must combine Marxism with national characteristics, and only after a certain national form can it be useful, and it must never be applied subjectively. A "scientific" culture opposes all feudal and superstitious ideas, advocates seeking truth from facts, advocates objective truth, and advocates the consistency of theory and practice. "The current new culture in China is also developed from the ancient old culture. Therefore, we must respect our own history and never cut it off." The "popular" culture is democratic, should serve the broad masses of workers and peasants, and gradually become their culture. As for China’s fine historical tradition, "we want to inherit it, but the purpose is still for the people", and as for the historical and cultural forms of the past era, "we don’t refuse to use them, but these old forms have been transformed and added with new contents, which will become revolutionary things serving the people".

　　Comrade Mao Zedong paid attention to combining the basic principles of Marxism with Chinese excellent traditional culture, so that Marxism could take root in China.

　　Fourth, adhere to and develop Mao Zedong Thought.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: Mao Zedong Thought has educated generations of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people, and it has trained a large number of backbones, which not only played an important role in the new democratic revolution, socialist revolution and socialist construction, but also played an important role in creating and building Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new historical period. Many of Comrade Mao Zedong’s important works were written during the period of the new-democratic revolution and the period of socialist revolution and construction, but we still have to study them frequently. This is not only because history cannot be cut off, but if we don’t understand the past, it will hinder our understanding of current problems; And because many basic principles, principles and scientific methods contained in these works are of universal significance, they will play an important guiding role for us now and in the future. The Resolution pointed out that Mao Zedong Thought "provided scientific guidance for the development of the cause of the Party and the people". We must continue to adhere to Mao Zedong Thought, earnestly study and apply its stand, viewpoint and method to study new situations and solve new problems in practice. Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "We want to restore Mao Zedong Thought, adhere to Mao Zedong Thought and even develop Mao Zedong Thought. In these aspects, he has provided a foundation." It is in this sense that Mao Zedong Thought provided an important ideological foundation for the theoretical creation of our party.

　　Comrade Mao Zedong said in "On Practice": "The movement of change in the objective real world will never end, and people’s understanding of truth in practice will never end. Marxism–Leninism did not end the truth, but constantly opened up the road to understanding the truth in practice. " Just as Marx must never be asked to provide ready-made answers to the problems that arose hundreds of years after his death, Comrade Mao Zedong must never be asked to undertake the task of solving a series of new problems that occurred in China and the world after his death. Real Marxism–Leninism people must know, inherit and develop Marxism–Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought according to the present situation. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out that he is not a Marxist as Marx; Equal to Marx, not a Marxist; Only when you surpass Marx can you be a Marxist.

　　Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party, our Party has persisted in proceeding from the reality of China, gained insight into the general trend of the times, grasped the historical initiative, made arduous explorations, constantly pushed forward the modernization of Marxism in China, guided the people of China to continuously push forward the great social revolution, successively founded Deng Xiaoping Theory, formed Theory of Three Represents and formed Scientific Outlook on Development, scientifically answered a series of basic questions about the construction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, formed a theoretical system of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and achieved a new leap in the sinicization of Marxism.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the people of the Communist Party of China (CPC), with the Supreme Leader as the main representative, have persisted in combining the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China and the excellent traditional Chinese culture, persisted in Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development, profoundly summed up and made full use of the historical experience since the founding of the Party, and set out from the new reality, created Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in a new era. This thought is contemporary China Marxism and 21st century Marxism, and it is the essence of Chinese culture and China spirit, and it has achieved a new leap of Marxism in China.

　　The people of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China cherish all the achievements in China’s revolution, construction, reform and Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s great practice in the new era, combining Marxism–Leninism’s basic principles with China’s concrete reality and with China’s excellent traditional culture, and apply and develop these achievements in new practice, enriching and developing our party’s theory with new principles and conclusions that are in line with reality, and ensuring that our cause is in Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of "Three Represents", the scientific development concept and the new supreme leader.

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guide　language

The treatment scheme of herpes zoster can be roughly divided into traditional Chinese medicine therapy and western medicine therapy. Today, we will learn the western medicine therapy recommended by the guide.

Therapeutic goal of herpes zoster

Relieve acute pain; Shorten the duration of skin lesions; Prevent the spread of skin lesions; Prevent or reduce complications.

First, antiviral drugs

Commonly used drugs in clinical treatment of herpes zoster can effectively shorten the course of disease, accelerate the healing of rash, reduce the formation of new rash and reduce the spread of virus to internal organs. It should be used within 72 hours after the eruption, so as to quickly reach and maintain the effective concentration and obtain the best therapeutic effect. At present, the approved systemic antiviral drugs include acyclovir, valaciclovir, famciclovir, bromovudine and foscarnet sodium.

acyclovir

Function characteristics:

Acyclovir triphosphate is produced by phosphorylation of viral thymidine kinase in infected cells, which can inhibit viral DNA polymerase and stop the extension of viral DNA chain.

　 Usage:

(1) Oral administration: 400-800 mg/time, 5 times/day, for 7 days;

(2) Intravenous drip: 5 ~ 10 mg/kg for patients with immune impairment or serious nervous system diseases, once every 8 hours, with a course of 7 days.　

Precautions:

Patients should drink plenty of water during the administration of acyclovir to prevent acyclovir from precipitating in renal tubules and damaging renal function.

Valaciclovir

Function characteristics:

The prodrug of acyclovir is quickly absorbed by oral administration and quickly converted into acyclovir in gastrointestinal tract and liver, and its bioavailability is 3~5 times that of acyclovir.

　 Usage:

Oral administration: 300 ~ 1000 mg/time, 3 times/day, for 7 days.

Fanciclovir

Function characteristics:

The prodrug of penciclovir is rapidly converted into penciclovir after oral administration, and maintains a long half-life in cells. The mechanism of action is the same as that of acyclovir, the bioavailability is higher than that of acyclovir, and the frequency and dosage of administration are lower than that of acyclovir.

　 Usage:

Oral administration: 250 ~ 500mg/time, 3 times/day, for 7 days.

brivudine tablets

Function characteristics:

The antiviral effect is highly selective, and the process of inhibiting virus replication is only carried out in virus-infected cells.　

Usage:

Oral administration: 125mg／/day, l times/day, for 7 days.

Sodium foscarnet

Function characteristics:

Blocking the phosphate binding site of viral DNA polymerase in a non-competitive way, thus showing antiviral activity.

　 Usage:

Intravenous drip: 40 mg/kg each time, once every 8 hours.

Note meaning　

Patients with renal insufficiency should reduce the dosage accordingly;

If renal function continues to decline, acyclovir should be stopped immediately and famciclovir or other antiviral drugs should be used to continue treatment;

For patients suspected of renal insufficiency, creatinine level should be detected before initial administration (creatinine level is not required for bromovudine).

Second, analgesics

Mild to moderate pain:Acetaminophen and tramadol can be selected;　

Moderate and severe pain:

1. Opioid drugs, such as morphine or oxycodone;

2. Drugs for the treatment of neuropathic pain, such as calcium channel regulator gabapentin and pregabalin, in addition to amitriptyline and 5% lidocaine patch. Severe acute pain during herpes zoster is a risk factor for post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). Combined with calcium channel regulator can not only effectively relieve pain, but also reduce the occurrence of PHN. Studies have shown that early use of pregabalin can significantly reduce the pain score of herpes zoster, especially within 7 days of herpes occurrence, which can significantly reduce the incidence of PHN. The pain of elderly patients with herpes zoster is more common and severe, which seriously affects all aspects of life, such as anxiety, disorder and inability to work or live normally. Studies have shown that pregabalin combined with oxycodone can not only further reduce the incidence of PHN, but also improve the daily activities and sleep of patients and improve their quality of life.

Third, glucocorticoid

At present, there is still controversy about whether to use glucocorticoid to treat herpes zoster.

It is generally believed that systematic application of glucocorticoid in the early stage of acute onset of herpes zoster and gradual decrease can inhibit the inflammatory process, shorten the duration of acute pain and the healing time of skin lesions, but it is ineffective for the pain with PHN.　

Recommended dose:The initial dosage of prednisone is 30~40 mg／/day, which is taken orally and gradually reduced, and the course of treatment is 1~2 weeks.

　Fourth, neurotrophic drugs

It is also helpful to relieve neuroinflammation and neuralgia. Commonly used drugs include mecobalamin, vitamin B1 and vitamin B12, etc., which are taken orally or injected intramuscularly.

Five, topical drugs

Mainly dry and anti-inflammatory.　

Blister fluid is not broken:Calamine lotion, acyclovir cream or penciclovir cream can be used externally.　

After herpes is broken:

3% boric acid solution wet compress;

1: 5000 furacilin solution wet compress;

0.5% neomycin ointment for external use;

2% mupirocin ointment.　

Ophthalmic herpes:3% Acyclovir Eye Ointment and Iodine Eye Drops for External Use.

References: [1] Herpes Zoster Expert Consensus Working Group. Herpes Zoster Expert Consensus in China [J]. Chinese Journal of Dermatology .2018,51 (6): 403-406.

Laiyuan/Yunque

　　On Thursday, local time, with the soaring yield of 10-year US bonds and the "assistance" of the yield of 10-year British bonds, the risk appetite of market investors continued to be suppressed. The three major indexes of US stocks recorded a three-day losing streak. After the S&P 500 index, the Dow also fell below the 50-year moving average, which is usually regarded as a signal of a short-term downward trend.

　　It should be noted that the American Association of Individual Investors released the latest market sentiment survey report on Thursday, and the bullish enthusiasm of American retail investors in the next six months has plummeted, directly from 44.7% to 35.9%, breaking the state of being better than the historical average in the past 10 weeks. It is enough to show that current investors are not optimistic about the future trend of the market.

　　The relatively vague monetary policy direction of the Federal Reserve has played a great role. According to the latest calendar of the Federal Reserve in official website, Powell will deliver a speech at the annual meeting of Jackson Hole Central Bank on August 25th, local time. If you have memories, you should remember last year’s "nine minutes of darkness". Powell’s speech directly caused the S&P 500 index to plummet by 3%, and then it went from 4,200 to below 3,500 in the next two months.

　　The market may be worried that Powell’s speech this year may still cause market turmoil before inflation is completely tamed, and monetary policy may continue to be tightened during the year. At present, according to the observation tool of CME Federal Reserve, the probability of raising interest rates again at the end of the year has risen to over 30%, while the hope of lowering interest rates is slim, which was originally the biggest catalyst in the market.

　　In other important news, on Thursday (August 17th), local time, the latest report released by market research company Counterpoint Research showed that global smartphone shipments will drop by 6% to 1.15 billion units this year. If it is finally true, it will be the lowest level in ten years.

　　North America is still the main drag on the global recovery, and the disappointing performance in the first half of the year may bring the year-on-year decline of shipments in this region to double digits. However, the high-end market still maintains some flexibility. The report pointed out that Apple will therefore be in a favorable position, and the company will usher in an important product upgrade in the second half of this year, which may make it perform strongly before the end of this year.

　　In addition, on Thursday night, Beijing time, Musk, the world’s richest man, announced his arrival in Japan on the social media platform, but did not disclose the itinerary. A sudden visit to Japan has caused a lot of discussion in the market. The important daily activities of his social media platform X come from Japan, with a population of only one-third of that of the United States, but the daily activities are comparable to those of the United States.

　　Musk’s team is still frantically seizing the satellite Internet business in low-earth orbit. Japanese Defense Minister Yasukazu Hamada has previously confirmed that the Japanese Self-Defense Force has started testing this equipment since March this year.

　　It is worth mentioning that on the occasion of Musk’s visit to Japan, when Tesla’s redesigned Model 3 was exposed to mass production, did this trip take a fancy to the potential of the Japanese electric vehicle market? The share of electric vehicles in the Japanese market has just exceeded 2%, and the best-selling Mini-EV is Nissan SAKURA, which sold 33,000 vehicles in the whole fiscal year of 2022. Tesla and () are regarded as luxury brands.

　　[overnight U.S. stocks]

　　Among the large-scale Chinese stocks, Alibaba rose 1.78%, Baidu fell 0.54%, Netease fell 0.09%, Tencent Music rose 5.78%, and Pinduoduo rose 0.81%.

　　Among the large US technology stocks, Apple fell 1.46%, Amazon fell 0.81%, Google A rose 0.95% and Netflix fell 3.00%.

　　[global index]

　　In the European stock market, the FTSE 100 index in Britain fell slightly by 0.63% to 7310 points. The French CAC40 index fell slightly by 0.94% to 7192 points. Germany DAX index fell slightly by 0.71% to 15,677 points.

　　[global goods]

　　The main contract of WTI crude oil closed at $80.16 per barrel, up 0.98%; The main contract of Brent crude oil closed at $83.90 per barrel, up 0.54%; The main contract of crude oil in the previous period closed at 639.00 yuan per barrel overnight, down 0.08%.

　　Overnight, the Shanghai gold main contract closed down 0.30% to 455.42 yuan per gram; The main contract of Shanghai Bank closed down 0.02% to 5627.00 yuan per kilogram.

　　[overnight news]

　　Powell will deliver a speech at Jackson Hole’s annual meeting next week.

　　The Federal Reserve also quietly updated official website’s calendar after the close, showing that Powell will deliver the annual meeting speech of Jackson Hole at 10: 05 local time on August 25th. Investors should still remember clearly that on August 26th last year, with Powell’s famous "9-minute speech", not only did the S&P 500 index drop by 3% that day, but in the next two months, it even fell from 4,200 to 3,500.

　　US retail investors’ bullish enthusiasm plummeted

　　The American Association of Individual Investors also released the latest market sentiment survey report on Thursday. The bullish enthusiasm of American retail investors in the next six months has "dived down", directly dropping from 44.7% to 35.9%, breaking the state of being better than the historical average in the past 10 weeks.

　　Fed officials are increasingly wary of the stock market’s rise.

　　According to the latest minutes of the Fed meeting, Fed staff pointed out at the FOMC policy meeting in July that stock prices generally rose, corporate bond spreads narrowed, asset valuation pressure was "significant", and the risk assessment in May was "moderate"; Also named residential and commercial real estate prices, calling them "relatively high in terms of fundamentals".

　　Research report: global mobile phone shipments may fall to a 10-year low, and Apple is expected to go against the trend.

　　The latest report released by Counterpoint Research, a market research company, shows that global smartphone shipments are expected to hit the worst year in a decade in 2023. Despite the overall decline in smartphone shipments, the high-end market still maintains a certain degree of flexibility. The report pointed out that Apple will therefore be in a favorable position, and the company will usher in an important product upgrade in the second half of this year, which may make it perform strongly before the end of this year.

　　After energy and food, the signs of sticky inflation in the United States reappear, and the price of used cars rose for the first time in four months.

　　According to statistics, the wholesale data of used cars in the first half of August in the United States rose for the first time in four months, and the market is worried. This is another sign that inflation may be stuck for a long time after the rebound of energy and food prices.

　　The global bond market selling added fuel to the fire, and the demand for Japanese bond auctions was the worst since 1987.

　　The auction results of 20-year Japanese bonds on Thursday may show that investors are increasingly betting that the Bank of Japan will soon relax the easing policy YCC to control the yield curve. As the global sovereign bond yield has reached a 15-year high, the rising Japanese bond yield threatens global bonds.

　　[company news]

　　Tesla’s modified Model 3 was exposed to lower bicycle costs or add a "price war" card.

　　Tesla’s revised Model 3 may start mass production in Shanghai as early as next month. This electric car faucet is in the final stage of the production of the demonstration car, and the vehicle will be transported to the Tesla exhibition hall later this month. Large-scale production will follow closely, starting in September at the earliest. These people familiar with the matter added that Tesla will also increase production during the National Day holiday.

　　One of the people familiar with the matter said that the revised Model 3 has been changed in terms of design and interior parts, making it more fashionable. He added that in the case of full production, its cost will be lower than the current version of Model 3, or as low as 200,000 yuan.

　　Musk suddenly announced his arrival in Japan. What is he going to do?

　　On Thursday night, Beijing time, Musk, the world’s richest man, announced on his social media platform X that he had arrived in Japan. In view of his extreme love of showing himself on the Internet, this totally unexpected trip triggered a hot discussion among netizens: What is he doing in Japan?

　　The important daily activities of Musk’s social media platform X come from Japan, with a population of only one-third of that of the United States, but the daily activities are comparable to those of the United States. Musk’s team is still frantically seizing the satellite Internet business in low-earth orbit. Japanese Defense Minister Yasukazu Hamada has previously confirmed that the Japanese Self-Defense Force has started testing this equipment since March this year.

　　Mardner: The latest version of COVID-19 vaccine can produce a strong response to EG.5 mutant.

　　Mardner disclosed on Thursday that preliminary clinical trial data confirmed that the company’s COVID-19 vaccine updated in autumn and winter this year showed a strong immune response against the latest dominant mutant strain EG.5 Mardner’s vaccine was developed for XBB.1.5 mutant, which belongs to Omicron mutant family with EG.5. The latest version of the vaccine is expected to be supplied for autumn vaccination in the next few weeks, and is subject to the approval of relevant departments.

　　[AI dynamic]

　　Google’s Gemini, the "most powerful model of mankind", will be released in autumn.

　　The media broke the news that Google’s "brand-new killer" Gemini combines the capabilities of GPT-4, Midjourney and Stable Diffusion, and can also provide analysis charts, create graphics with text descriptions, and use text or voice command control software.

　　AI enters the consulting circle McKinsey launches the first AI chat application Lilli.

　　McKinsey, the world’s largest consulting firm, launched Lilli, the first AI chat application, for consulting project assistance. Lilli has been tested in the company for two months, and it is reported that the effect is good, which can shorten the task that originally took several weeks to several hours.

　　[financial calendar]