月度归档： 2026 年 7 月

There is no agreed time limit for the performance of the loan, and five situations should be paid attention to when determining the limitation period of action.

"Source of this article: Jinan Intermediate People’s Court"
Question: How to determine the limitation period of action when the parties have not agreed on the performance period of the contract?
According to the Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Limitation System in the Trial of Civil Cases (hereinafter referred to as the Provisions on the Limitation System) and the provisions of the Civil Code on the Limitation System (see the "Key Articles" of this article for details), unless otherwise stipulated by law, if the parties have not agreed on the contract performance period, the limitation period shall be determined as follows:
A. If the time limit for performance is unclear, the debtor can perform at any time, and the creditor can also request performance at any time (but the other party should be given necessary preparation time). In this case, the limitation period of action is calculated from the date when the creditor first requests performance (including but not limited to the date of prosecution), and the limitation systems such as suspension and interruption are applicable according to the law;
B. If the time limit for performance can be determined through supplementary agreement, the limitation period of action shall be calculated from the date when the time limit for performance expires;
C. If a supplementary agreement cannot be reached, but the time limit for performance can be determined according to the relevant provisions of the contract or trading habits, the limitation period of action shall be calculated from the date when the time limit for performance expires;
D. If the time limit for performance cannot be determined, the limitation period of action shall be counted from the date when the grace period for creditors to require debtors to perform their obligations expires;
E. If the time limit for performance cannot be determined, and the debtor clearly indicates that he will not perform his obligations when the creditor claims his rights for the first time, the limitation period of action shall be counted from the date when the debtor clearly indicates that he will not perform his obligations.
The reason why the Supreme Court said that the limitation of action in this case should be counted from the date of the lender’s prosecution according to the spirit of the regulations is that it expanded the interpretation of Article 6 of the Provisions on the Limitation of Action System according to the specific circumstances of this case, especially in combination with the lender’s request for repayment from the borrower, and on this basis, it reached a conclusion suitable for this case; Therefore, in practice, we must not easily draw the conclusion that the limitation period of action should be "counted from the date of the lender’s prosecution" in the case of "unclear performance period" or "uncertain performance period"! Instead, we should analyze specific problems and make a correct judgment according to the above methods.
Case index: (China Judgment Document Network) The retrial applicant Liu Liankun and the respondent Wang Jiaqiang’s private loan dispute case, (2021) Supreme People’s Court Shen No.2305.
Date of judgment:2021-06-23，Release date:2021-08-18Referee’s viewpoint
In this case, the Supreme People’s Court believes that according to the spirit of Article 6 of the Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Limitation System in the Trial of Civil Cases, both parties have not agreed on the time limit for the performance of the loan involved in the case, and the limitation period should be counted from the date of Wang Jiaqiang’s prosecution.
The Supreme People’s Court believes that "according to the spirit of Article 6 of the Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Limitation System in the Trial of Civil Cases, the parties to this case did not agree on the time limit for the performance of the loan involved in the case, and the limitation period should be counted from the date of Wang Jiaqiang’s prosecution. Liu Liankun’s claim that the original judgment violated the statute of limitations and that Wang Jiaqiang’s prosecution has exceeded the statute of limitations has no legal basis. "Key law
1. Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Limitation System in the Trial of Civil Cases (adopted by the Supreme Judicial Committee on August 11, 2008 and repealed)
Article 6 Where the time limit for performance of a contract is not stipulated, the time limit for performance can be determined according to the provisions of Articles 61 and 62 of the Contract Law, the limitation period of action shall be counted from the date when the time limit for performance expires; If the time limit for performance cannot be determined, the limitation period of action shall be counted from the date when the grace period for the creditor to ask the debtor to perform his obligations expires, but if the debtor explicitly stated that he did not perform his obligations when the creditor claimed his rights for the first time, the limitation period of action shall be counted from the date when the debtor explicitly stated that he did not perform his obligations.
2. Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Limitation System in the Trial of Civil Cases (amended by the Supreme Judicial Committee on December 23, 2020)
Article 4 Where the time limit for performance of a contract is not stipulated, the time limit for performance can be determined according to the provisions of Articles 510 and 511 of the Civil Code, the limitation period of action shall be counted from the date when the time limit for performance expires; If the time limit for performance cannot be determined, the limitation period of action shall be counted from the date when the grace period for the creditor to ask the debtor to perform his obligations expires, but if the debtor explicitly stated that he did not perform his obligations when the creditor claimed his rights for the first time, the limitation period of action shall be counted from the date when the debtor explicitly stated that he did not perform his obligations.
3. People’s Republic of China (PRC) Contract Law (repealed)
Article 61 After the contract comes into effect, if the parties have not agreed or clearly agreed on the quality, price or remuneration, place of performance, etc., they may supplement it by agreement; If a supplementary agreement cannot be reached, it shall be determined in accordance with the relevant provisions of the contract or trading habits.
Article 62 Where the contents of the relevant contract are not clearly agreed by the parties and cannot be determined according to the provisions of Article 61 of this Law, the following provisions shall apply:(a) the quality requirements are not clear, in accordance with national standards and industry standards; If there is no national standard or industry standard, it shall be performed according to the usual standard or the specific standard that meets the purpose of the contract.　　(2) If the price or remuneration is unclear, it shall be performed according to the market price at the place of performance when the contract is concluded; If government pricing or government-guided pricing should be implemented according to law, it shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions.　　(3) Where the place of performance is not clear, if the money is paid, it shall be performed at the place where the party receiving the money is located; Where real estate is delivered, it shall be performed at the place where the real estate is located; Other targets shall be performed at the place where the party performing the obligation is located.　　(4) If the time limit for performance is unclear, the debtor may perform it at any time, and the creditor may also request performance at any time, but the other party shall be given necessary preparation time.　　(5) If the method of performance is not clear, it shall be performed in a way conducive to the realization of the purpose of the contract.　　(6) If the burden of performance expenses is unclear, it shall be borne by the party performing the obligation.
4. Provisions of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the limitation of action system.
Article 188 The limitation of action for requesting protection of civil rights from a people’s court shall be three years. Where there are other provisions in the law, such provisions shall prevail.
The limitation period of action shall be counted from the day when the obligee knows or should know that the right has been damaged and the obligor. Where there are other provisions in the law, such provisions shall prevail. However, if more than 20 years have passed since the right was damaged, the people’s court will not protect it. Under special circumstances, the people’s court may decide to extend it according to the application of the obligee.
Article 189 Where the parties agree to perform the same debt by installments, the limitation period of action shall be counted from the date when the last installment expires.
Article 190 The limitation period of action for a person without capacity for civil conduct or a person with limited capacity for civil conduct to claim his legal representative shall be counted from the date when the legal representative terminates.
Article 191 The limitation of action for a minor’s claim for damages for sexual assault shall be counted from the date when the victim reaches the age of 18.
Article 192 If the limitation of action expires, the obligor may raise a defense of non-performance.
After the expiration of the limitation period of action, if the obligor agrees to perform it, he shall not plead on the grounds of the expiration of the limitation period of action; If the obligor has voluntarily performed it, he may not request to return it.
Article 193 A people’s court may not apply the prescription of action on its own initiative.
Article 194 During the last six months of the limitation of action, if the right of claim cannot be exercised due to the following obstacles, the limitation of action shall be suspended:
(1) Force majeure;
(2) A person without or with limited capacity for civil conduct has no legal representative, or his legal representative dies, loses his capacity for civil conduct or loses his power of agency;
(3) No heir or estate manager has been determined after the beginning of inheritance;
(4) The obligee is controlled by the obligor or others;
(5) Other obstacles that prevent the obligee from exercising the right of claim.
The limitation of action expires after six months from the date when the reasons for the suspension of the limitation of action are eliminated.
Article 195 If the limitation of action is interrupted in any of the following circumstances, the limitation of action shall be recalculated from the time when the interruption and relevant procedures are terminated:
(1) The obligee makes a request for performance to the obligor;
(2) The obligor agrees to perform the obligation;
(3) The obligee brings a lawsuit or applies for arbitration;
(4) Other circumstances that have the same effect as bringing a lawsuit or applying for arbitration.
Article 196 The limitation of action shall not apply to the following claims:
(a) request to stop the infringement, remove obstacles and eliminate dangers;
(2) The obligee of immovable property right and registered movable property right requests to return the property;
(3) Requesting to pay alimony, alimony or alimony;
(four) other claims that are not applicable to the limitation of action according to law.
Article 197 The duration, calculation method and reasons for suspension or interruption of the limitation of action shall be prescribed by law, and the agreement of the parties shall be invalid.
The parties’ prior waiver of the interests of limitation of action is invalid.
Article 198 Where the law provides for the limitation of arbitration, such provisions shall prevail; Where there are no provisions, the provisions on limitation of action shall apply.
Article 199 Unless otherwise provided by law, the duration of the rights such as the right of revocation or rescission stipulated by the law or agreed by the parties shall be counted from the day when the obligee knew or should have known that the rights arose, and the provisions on suspension, interruption and extension of the limitation of action shall not apply. At the expiration of the term of existence, the rights of revocation and rescission shall be extinguished.
Article 510 After the contract comes into effect, if the parties have not agreed or clearly agreed on the quality, price or remuneration, place of performance, etc., they may supplement it by agreement; If a supplementary agreement cannot be reached, it shall be determined in accordance with the relevant provisions of the contract or trading habits.
Article 511 Where the parties’ agreement on the contents of the relevant contract is unclear and cannot be determined according to the provisions of the preceding article, the following provisions shall apply:
(a) the quality requirements are not clear, in accordance with the mandatory national standards; If there is no mandatory national standard, it shall be implemented in accordance with the recommended national standard; If there is no recommended national standard, it shall be implemented in accordance with industry standards; If there is no national standard or industry standard, it shall be performed according to the usual standard or the specific standard that meets the purpose of the contract.
(2) If the price or remuneration is unclear, it shall be performed according to the market price at the place of performance when the contract is concluded; If government pricing or government-guided pricing should be implemented according to law, it shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions.
(3) Where the place of performance is not clear, if the money is paid, it shall be performed at the place where the party receiving the money is located; Where real estate is delivered, it shall be performed at the place where the real estate is located; Other targets shall be performed at the place where the party performing the obligation is located.
(4) If the time limit for performance is unclear, the debtor may perform at any time, and the creditor may also request performance at any time, but the other party shall be given necessary preparation time.
(5) If the method of performance is not clear, it shall be performed in a way conducive to the realization of the purpose of the contract.
(6) If the burden of performance expenses is unclear, it shall be borne by the party performing the obligation; The performance expenses increased due to the creditor’s reasons shall be borne by the creditor.
Transfer from: the highest case
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Hangzhou strives to improve the effectiveness of grassroots governance.

　　Since the beginning of this year, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province has focused on the key issues that restrict the improvement of the efficiency of grassroots governance, adhered to the clear orientation of "grasping the grassroots and focusing on party building", focused on improving the organizational strength of village community party organizations, and explored the action of "striving for star promotion and strengthening the whole region" to continuously improve the level of grassroots governance.

　　Carefully touch, find the right cause and set a prescription.

　　"This time, it took a lot of effort. The village sent a steering group to sift one by one with the village control index system, and formulated the ‘ One village, one policy ’ The rectification plan, our village was rated as ‘ Four stars ’ 。” Luo Changmu, secretary of the Party branch of Hujiaping Village, Fu Wang Township, Chun ‘an County, said, "Contrast ‘ Five stars ’ Indicator system, the shortcoming of Hujiaping Village lies in the collective economic income of the village. Therefore, we introduce professional managers and develop advantageous industrial projects, and strive to rush to ‘ Five stars ’ 。”

　　Hangzhou has set up 47 specific indicators for star rating in five aspects, such as good pilot-driven team, good demonstration and development of common prosperity, good security management, good service with one heart and one mind, and good civilized and harmonious atmosphere, and over 80% of the indicators have achieved quantitative assessment. Full coverage to carry out a round of big ups and downs, the implementation of "two-level hall, portrait one by one", by the town street by village by community comparison index system analysis, portrait evaluation, county-level organizations by town street to listen to reports, unified filing, the city’s 3179 village communities have formulated a "one village, one policy" star competition program.

　　"If we find out the base and find out the cause, we can prescribe the right medicine and the work is more targeted." Li Jun, member of the Standing Committee of Shangcheng District Committee and Minister of Organization Department, said, "When summarizing and analyzing the problems, we found that the lack of party-mass service positions in old communities is a prominent common problem in the whole region, which greatly limits the community’s service to residents. So we integrated and revitalized 49,000 square meters of idle houses in district-level organs, all of which were used for the construction of party-mass service positions in old communities. Now this short board has been filled, and residents’ sense of acquisition and happiness is getting stronger and stronger."

　　Strengthen the assessment, create the first competition performance.

　　"Doing a good job in party building and leading grid management is the key to consolidating the foundation of grassroots governance. Due to the strong mobility of community personnel and the large number of people under management, the original grid is relatively large." Zhang Jiancheng, secretary of the Party Committee of Tangjia Community in Linping District, said that after the city started the exam, Tangjia Community followed the 300— The standard division of 500 households into small grids, fully equipped with strong grid leaders and full-time and part-time grid members, makes the existing grid not only have the function of safe and comprehensive management, but also add seven functions such as party building leading and public service. "The grid is strong, and the community governance is really different."

　　Hangzhou has carried out in-depth examination contest, focusing on the breakthrough of key indicators in the action of "Striving for the Star’s Promotion and Building a Strong Whole Region", and carried out six special tackling actions, such as party building leading grid management, joint construction and upgrading of community properties, and strengthening street excellent cooperatives under the unified leadership. At the municipal level, the "four ones" promotion mechanism of "one city leader in charge, one lead department in charge, one special plan implementation and one on-site meeting promotion" has been established. At the district level, a horse racing mechanism of "competing for stars" in real time and "one race in one season" will be formed, which will promote the village community party organizations to form a strong atmosphere of striving for Excellence.

　　Make concerted efforts and make concerted efforts to support it.

　　"This time ‘ Striving for the promotion of stars ’ The biggest difference from the past is that the responsibility of towns, streets and departments is tied to the village community for assessment. Now we work together with the community to complete the goal of competing for stars. " Yu Chengguo, deputy director of Fuyang District Civil Affairs Bureau, said, "During the epidemic prevention and control period, we personally felt the disadvantages caused by the lack of grassroots work. Therefore, according to the star competition standard of not less than 18 community workers per 10,000 urban residents, 350 social workers were recruited, and they played an important role in the refined governance of the community. After the community work force has been enriched, we are more calm in dealing with various challenges. "

　　"In order to make the responsibility more real, the town has set up 74 joint village working groups, which are integrated with the contact villages and the assessment results are linked to the evaluation at the end of the year. In addition, we follow the ‘ Striving for the promotion of stars ’ Action requirements, strengthen the ‘ Five stars ’ ‘ Four stars ’ With the encouragement of the village community, the atmosphere of the whole town rushing up and down is even stronger. " Li Guoping, Party Secretary of Guali Town, Xiaoshan District, said.

　　Hangzhou has established a responsibility mechanism of "evaluating village communities, grasping towns and streets, and promoting departments". When counties, towns and streets recommend provincial-level advanced collectives, priority should be given to the evaluation results of "five-star" village communities in their respective jurisdictions; When the functional departments carry out the annual assessment, they should give priority to the importance attached to the construction of grass-roots organizations, and implement "whether the party building is excellent or not" if the support and guarantee are weak and the village community problems are not solved for a long time. Driven by this mechanism, various departments in Hangzhou have formed a working pattern of concerted efforts and sinking resources, constantly amplifying the overall effect of "five stars" and improving the level of grassroots governance led by party building.

Ma Qi Lin Zou Mengqiu ｜ ｜RCEP promotes the study of domestic business environment.

Ma Qi Lin

Professor, Zhejiang Gongshang University Law School

Zou Mengqiu

Master student of Zhejiang Gongshang University Law School

principal items

First, the meaning and development model of business environment

Second, the priority of scientific and technological innovation in the Yangtze River Delta g60 science and technology corridor construction

Third, the development opportunity brought by the signing of rcep for the construction of g60 Science and Technology Corridor

Fourth, the main challenges faced by g60 Science and Technology Corridor in docking rcep

V. Countermeasures and suggestions for g60 Science and Technology Corridor Construction in Yangtze River Delta under the influence of rcep

As a comprehensive, modern, high-quality and mutually beneficial regional free trade agreement, the signing of rcep marks the official launch of a free trade zone covering one third of the world economy, with the largest number of members and the most potential for development, which brings opportunities and challenges to the development of China’s state-owned business environment. The construction of g60 Science and Technology Corridor in the Yangtze River Delta has made the economic development in the Yangtze River Delta region form a unique business environment model dominated by scientific and technological innovation. From the perspective of the planning and construction of g60 Science and Technology Corridor in the Yangtze River Delta, this paper analyzes the opportunities and challenges of rcep in the development of China’s state-owned business environment, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the challenges.

First, the meaning and development model of business environment

A good business environment in emerging markets not only helps enterprises to carry out market-oriented economic activities, promote the effective flow of processing elements of emerging products, and promote the economic development of emerging industrial product processing enterprises, but also helps to promote the healthy and vigorous development of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics. Some scholars believe that the business environment consists of various important factors that may directly promote China’s rapid economic growth, such as "climate, geography, economic development policies, history and socio-economic development". At the same time, some scholars sum up the improvement of China’s business environment as the relevant laws and policies used by the state or an administrative region to promote and regulate commercial activities, and put the complexity of legal supervision process, the completeness of laws and regulations system and the transparency of local government information disclosure into the concept of business environment. At present, the most convincing business environment assessment system is the Business Environment Report issued by the World Bank. According to the comprehensive environmental assessment standard of the World Bank’s Business Environment Report, the business environment refers to "a lot of time and labor costs required by an enterprise in starting a company, applying for a construction supervision license, obtaining public electricity, registering personal property, obtaining commercial credit, paying taxes, cross-border service trade, performing contracts, handling enterprise bankruptcy and so on". In the practice of optimizing the business environment, Singapore, Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Tianjin and other regions in China have developed a unique business environment model, which has certain reference significance for optimizing the business environment of g60 Science and Technology Corridor in the Yangtze River Delta.

Singapore: Priority Mode of Rule of Law

Singapore’s public administration management policies and legal systems are relatively complete, with a sound litigation system and a better intellectual property protection system in the world, which provides a strong guarantee for the development of intellectual property rights in Singapore. A sound legal system, a fair and just judicial trial system, a law enforcement system for the people, and citizens’ good awareness of abiding by the law have formed an excellent legal environment in Singapore, which plays an important role in encouraging immigrants and introducing high-level talents. A sound and complete judicial trial system also provides a strong guarantee for the protection of citizens’ legitimate rights and interests.

Hong Kong, China: Internationalization Priority Mode

As one of the "Four Little Dragons" of Asian economic development, and a world-famous offshore financial center and free port, Hong Kong has always maintained an open and transparent business environment to promote economic activities. Hong Kong is connected with many important markets in the region. It has an absolute geographical advantage, occupies the best business stronghold and has a far-sighted international vision. As a prosperous business center in the Asia-Pacific region, Hong Kong has provided a highly secure and robust regulatory system for banking, securities and futures, insurance and retirement plans with reference to international best operating models and standards. Hong Kong’s advanced commercial infrastructure, international commercial transportation, international logistics and communication, public services for the people, municipal construction, urban management and road planning have all promoted Hong Kong to become a high-level international financial center.

Shenzhen, China: Efficiency Priority Mode

Shenzhen regards the construction of smart cities as an important starting point for deepening reform, optimizing business environment and enhancing people’s well-being, and has launched a series of reform measures to improve the efficiency of government services and market operation. The information sharing and reuse of personal electronic application license and other electronic application materials have been strengthened, and the function of "second report" (non-inductive quick application) of electronic declaration has been introduced, that is, on the basis of mutual trust, mutual use and mutual recognition of data, the application materials are directly retrieved by the application system to automatically fill in the relevant information of the application form, thus realizing the whole process of government affairs handling without meeting, zero running and full automation.

Tianjin, China: Convenience Priority Mode

Tianjin takes promoting steady economic development, improving financial service system, gathering high-tech industries, and standardizing legal operation as its development strategic goals, and taking investment convenience and trade convenience as its starting point, it actively promotes the "one-line operation" of registration matters such as enterprise start-up, change and cancellation, expands the application of electronic business licenses, and simplifies the procedures for canceling enterprises to optimize enterprise start-up services. By enhancing the convenience of online government services, improving the ability level of government services, and promoting the development of the platform of "one government, one network", the government’s government service level has been improved. By enhancing the convenience of cross-border trade, improving the convenience of enterprise financing and improving the efficiency of obtaining water and gas, we will create a dynamic market environment.

G60 Science and Technology Corridor in Yangtze River Delta: Priority Mode of Scientific and Technological Innovation

The g60 Science and Technology Corridor along the Yangtze River Delta has become one of the regions with the most vitality in China’s economic development and the highest degree of urban economy and modernization in the world. It is an economic and trade highland that promotes the change of China’s economic system and is the main driving force for implementing the development ideas in the new era and leading the construction of innovative demonstration zones. G60 Science and Technology Corridor in the Yangtze River Delta should fully absorb Singapore’s rule of law priority model, Hong Kong’s internationalization priority model, Tianjin’s convenience priority model and Shenzhen’s efficiency priority model, and give full play to its own advantages to create a business environment model featuring scientific and technological innovation on the basis of enhancing the legal protection of the business environment and improving the internationalization, convenience and efficiency of the business environment. G60 Science and Technology Corridor in Yangtze River Delta is committed to transforming traditional advantageous industries and developing high-tech industries, making full use of the advantages of industrial innovation, improving the level of scientific and technological innovation, cultivating the real economy and advanced manufacturing highlands, and providing a unique business environment for building the scientific and technological innovation center of Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration.

Second, the priority of scientific and technological innovation in the Yangtze River Delta g60 science and technology corridor construction

As one of the regions with the fastest sustained economic development, the highest level of openness and innovation and the best independent research and development capability in China, the Yangtze River Delta region has an important position and function in the stable development pattern of the national economy. Solidly promoting the integration process of Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui plays an important role in promoting the high-quality economic development of the entire Yangtze River Economic Belt. Since the 13th Five-Year Plan, the construction of g60 Science and Technology Corridor has gone through the "triple jump" of version 1.0, version 2.0 and version 3.0, extending from version 1.0 of "Shanghai Songjiang Science and Technology Corridor" founded in May 2016 to version 2.0 of "Shanghai Jiahang g60 Science and Technology Corridor" and then to version 3.0 of the Yangtze River Delta g60 Science and Technology Corridor which runs through "three provinces, one city and nine cities in the Yangtze River Delta", gradually deepening the integration of the Yangtze River Delta region. Version 3.0 of g60 Science and Technology Corridor in the Yangtze River Delta has unique advantages and conditions in promoting the flow of innovation factors, Industry-University-Research cooperation, and the integration of production and city development, which is of great significance to the optimization of business environment in the Yangtze River Delta region.

Promoting the flow of innovation elements with g60 Expressway as a link

G60 Science and Technology Corridor takes g60 Expressway as the link, connecting nine cities in series, namely Shanghai, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Jinhua, Suzhou, Huzhou, Xuancheng, Wuhu and Hefei. Based on the transportation network, it breaks down the administrative barriers among cities, so that innovative elements can flow freely among cities. Different from the previous construction of industrial parks by Shanghai enterprises in other places, g60 Science and Technology Corridor is a window for enterprises from all over the world to set up product R&D centers, product incubators and talent docking in Songjiang, while "R&D achievements and production links are transferred to Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui". Due to the difference of economic development level, there is a certain gap between the innovation ability and industrial development ability of the nine cities. As the core area of the Yangtze River Delta region, Shanghai is rich in high-end science and technology resources and platform advantages, and has an international high-quality living environment, which has the advantages of attracting high-end R&D talents in medical treatment, schooling, international exchange and air transportation. Innovation is also inseparable from the support of scientific research institutions. For some prefecture-level and county-level cities in g60 Science and Technology Corridor, the level of scientific research is relatively backward, while Songjiang District is rich in talents, technology, funds, devices, institutions, projects and other elements. The establishment of g60 Science and Technology Corridor makes the advantages of science and technology resources in Songjiang University Town not only in Songjiang area, but also continuously exported to the industrial production of cities along the g60 Science and Technology Corridor, transforming academic knowledge into practical technology.

Promoting Collaborative Innovation with "Industry-University-Research Cooperation" as the Carrier

G60 Science and Technology Corridor in the Yangtze River Delta vigorously promotes multi-agent collaborative innovation of specialized science and technology service platforms, research institutes and leading enterprises, which provides an important driving force for innovation-driven and transformational development in the Yangtze River Delta region. Scientific and technological innovation needs to give full play to the subjective initiative of innovation and research subjects. g60 Science and Technology Corridor gathers high-tech industries, which requires high scientific research capabilities of enterprises. The independent research and development capabilities of enterprises along g60 Science and Technology Corridor are uneven, and the "Industry-University-Research Cooperation" model of universities, enterprises, research institutions and science and technology platforms can form a joint force of scientific and technological innovation, which effectively makes up for the shortcomings of independent research and development within enterprises. G60 Science and Technology Innovation Corridor has built a "Industry-University-Research" collaborative innovation system. Colleges and universities give full play to their academic characteristics and dominant disciplines, strengthen basic research on scientific and technological innovation, carry out research and development on key technologies of industrial commonality, cultivate innovative talents, and jointly demonstrate their scientific research capabilities with research institutions and science and technology innovation platforms. Enterprises are responsible for applied research and technology development, and transform basic innovations into practical technologies to promote the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.

The leading corridor for the integration and development of production and city

The good business environment formed by the integration of production and city is conducive to promoting technological innovation and urban construction in this region. In the process of promoting the integration of production and city development, g60 Science and Technology Corridor adheres to the concept of "science and technology, humanity and ecology" and adheres to networking, service, synergy and intelligence. Through the network to promote the spatial organization of the integrated development of production cities, relying on the networked development of big data, we will gather innovative elements and promote innovative achievements. By promoting the synergy of information resources in cities and making full use of Internet information technology, we can effectively promote the integration and sharing of information resources in cities and realize accurate and coordinated urban governance. Through the intelligentization of government information, it provides multi-level, all-field and high-quality public services for the integration of production and city, promotes the disclosure of government information, and strengthens the coordination and cooperation between departments. By improving service, we will strive to build a scientific and technological innovation system, promote industrial transformation and upgrading, adjust industrial structure, and accelerate the integration and development of manufacturing and service industries. The cities along g60 Science and Technology Corridor adhere to the matching of urban planning and industrial development, take the government as the core, guide the development of high-tech industries through the improvement of urban functions, attract high-end talents to gather, and create an emerging industrial ecology.

Third, the development opportunity brought by the signing of rcep for the construction of g60 Science and Technology Corridor

Contribute to industrial technological innovation.

As one of the most economically developed regions in China, the rent and labor costs of enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta region are rising continuously, and industrial upgrading and transfer have become one of the important directions for the development of enterprises in this region. G60 Science and Technology Corridor in Yangtze River Delta aims to build an advanced corridor from China manufacturing to China creation, and a pilot corridor of double-wheel innovation in science and technology and system. Creating innovative industrial clusters efficiently and rationalizing industrial upgrading and industrial transfer are the development directions of g60 Science and Technology Corridor. The signing of rcep will make the Asia-Pacific region become the largest unified market in the world. The rich resources and markets in the Asia-Pacific region can largely reconstruct the layout direction of China’s industrial transfer, providing more transfer directions for the industrial transfer of g60 Science and Technology Corridor. At the same time, due to the opening of the market, it is bound to bring closer technical exchanges and provide a broader platform and technical conditions for the development of technology-intensive industries. Large-scale market is an important driving force for technological innovation of enterprises. The more investment and advanced technology are used for product innovation, the more large-scale market is needed to level R&D costs and build independent brands.

Contribute to the substantial improvement of the investment environment

Rcep has made provisions on tariff reduction, technical barriers, trade aid, investment and financing, services and trade, intellectual property rights, e-commerce and technical exchange, adhered to the principle of most-favoured-nation treatment, protected the free transfer of investors’ assets, enhanced investment convenience, improved trade freedom, compensated property losses caused by trade disputes, and improved the business environment of member States. With the increasing financial and policy support of local governments along g60 Science and Technology Corridor, the business environment in the Yangtze River Delta has been improved as a whole. The signing of rcep will become an important driving force for g60 Science and Technology Innovation Corridor to further develop its technological innovation advantages, and promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing, financial industry, Internet economy and other industries along the corridor. At the same time, the improvement of investment freedom and convenience also makes capital flow more convenient and free. Rcep has strengthened the financial supervision rules, which is of great significance for improving the transparency of capital flows and reducing the uncertainty of trade risks.

Contribute to the reconstruction of regional value chain.

Under the realistic background of "anti-climbing repression" in the global value chain, rcep regional value chain cooperation has not only found an "alternative scheme" for China manufacturing, but also helped to play a demonstration effect. The signing of rcep will greatly change the direction of China’s industrial layout, enhance China’s international status, and break the technical restrictions and trade containment of developed countries in Europe and America. From the supply side, the huge low-cost production environment brought by the signing of rcep can effectively undertake China’s low-end manufacturing industry and provide a broad industrial transfer environment for the reconstruction of China’s regional value chain. From the demand side, the trade of semi-finished products and end products is more and more inclined to rcep internal transactions.

Help people to move freely and conveniently.

Rcep regards the standardization of cross-border movement of natural persons as a separate chapter, and promotes the cross-border movement of personnel in member countries by standardizing and simplifying visa and business visit procedures, greatly reducing the cost of personnel movement. In a word, firstly, it has expanded the consumption market of each member, which is conducive to the expansion of g60 Science and Technology Corridor market and the development of the industry. The second is to provide a cheaper labor market. G60 Science and Technology Corridor is densely populated. Although it is committed to building technology-intensive industries, it also has a huge demand for basic labor. The signing of rcep will integrate the labor in all members and transfer the labor from surplus labor areas to shortage areas. The third is to provide technical talents. The innovation of science and technology is inseparable from high-level talents. The construction of g60 Science and Technology Corridor needs a large number of high-level talents. The signing of rcep has accelerated the flow of high-tech talents and promoted the development of high-tech industries in China.

Fourth, the main challenges faced by g60 Science and Technology Corridor in docking rcep

The signing of rcep has further opened up the new pattern and space of g60 Science and Technology Corridor in the Yangtze River Delta, which is of great significance to the construction of industrial chain, supply chain and value chain in the region, and has a positive effect on the optimization of business environment in cities along the region, but it also brings some new challenges, mainly including the following points.

The challenge of industrial structure adjustment and technological innovation

The rising value chain should have corresponding cutting-edge innovative technologies. At present, rcep is in the initial stage of development after signing, and the industrial cooperation of all members has not been deepened. The specific direction of China’s industrial adjustment has not yet been determined, and the technical containment has not been alleviated. Although rcep has made provisions on technical barriers, at present, for the sake of their own interests, the management and control of talents and technologies are still strict, and the elimination of technical barriers will not happen overnight. This also means that China still needs to rely on independent innovation to achieve technological breakthroughs in the short term, and the innovative technology development of g60 Science and Technology Corridor still needs to rely on independent research and development of cities along the corridor. At the same time, due to the lack of rapid technological innovation in a short period of time, it is difficult for China’s high-end industries to develop rapidly. The liberalization and facilitation of investment brought about by the signing of rcep will lead to a large number of low-end manufacturing capital flowing to other ASEAN developing countries, which may also directly lead to the "hollowing out" trend of China’s industrial structure.

Internal structural risk

The unbalanced internal development of rcep members enables them to complement each other in economic structure and industrial layout, but this complementarity also brings certain challenges to the business environment in China. China can reconstruct the regional value chain based on rcep, which will make China’s industrial structure climb to the high end of the value chain. However, the process of value chain climbing will inevitably affect the industrial interests of established developed countries, and these countries or regions will also hinder China’s value chain climbing, thus affecting China’s industrial structural transfer and high-quality economic development. As one of the most economically developed regions, the development of g60 Science and Technology Corridor is bound to be affected, which is not conducive to the development of happy technology industry in g60 Science and Technology Corridor. At the same time, as a low-end industrial chain, Southeast Asian countries are also committed to restructuring the regional value chain, and its rising regional value chain will also affect China’s industrial interests and hit China’s low-end manufacturing industry.

External competitive risk

Asia-Pacific economies have built most of the global free trade agreements, and also covered the central region of rcep. Because there are some differences in system and ideology among rcep members, even if countries can still reach an agreement on interest integration at present, the stability of the agreement is still uncertain. Even if the United States has not joined rcep, its influence on some signatories of rcep should not be underestimated. Once China’s high-quality economic development affects the interests of the United States in the Asia-Pacific region, it will use this influence to undermine rcep’s trade agreements. More importantly, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Brunei, Vietnam and Malaysia, which are members of rcep, are also members of cptpp. The disproportionate and complicated international trade agreements often have the risk of "spaghetti bowl" at the same time, that is, complex free trade rules and initiative standards may cause the trade burden of the corresponding members, and may also restrict the in-depth cooperation among the members.

V. Countermeasures and suggestions for g60 Science and Technology Corridor Construction in Yangtze River Delta under the influence of rcep

The signing of rcep not only brings opportunities to g60 Science and Technology Corridor in Yangtze River Delta, but also brings certain challenges. In order to better cope with the challenges and seize the opportunities, we should make a concrete analysis of specific issues.

Broaden the path of innovation and accelerate the reconstruction of regional value chain

Broadening the innovation path, improving the independent innovation ability of enterprises and accelerating the reconstruction of regional value chain are the keys to seize opportunities and meet challenges. First of all, g60 Science and Technology Corridor should open the market of high-tech products more actively, eliminate trade monopoly, actively introduce high-tech products from other developed countries in the agreement, and provide convenient conditions for the flow of innovation factors. Secondly, give full play to the synergy of g60 Science and Technology Corridor in Industry-University-Research, introduce enterprise R&D centers to promote the industrialization of scientific and technological innovation achievements, and gather high-tech enterprises and enterprise R&D centers to promote the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. In addition, g60 Science and Technology Corridor should aim at the world’s advanced technology, firmly grasp industrial innovation, focus on building new energy vehicles, new finance, artificial intelligence creation, life sciences and other technical industries, and guide the direction of regional and even world industrial chain and value chain reconstruction.

Practice the concept of community of human destiny and deal with internal structural risks through win-win cooperation.

What the community of human destiny shows is a world of "lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, development tolerance and common beauty". In the development of high-end industries, China, Japan and South Korea can aim at "common prosperity" and "openness and tolerance" and refine their cooperation in industrial division, that is, they can divide their industries in different segments of the same industry, and China can provide regional markets, and countries such as Japan and South Korea can provide technical support. Building a community of human interests peacefully takes the pursuit of national interests as the primary goal, taking into account the reasonable interests and concerns of other countries, and promoting common prosperity and harmonious development through mutual cooperation and mutual benefit and win-win in the process of exploring the path of common development between China and other countries. G60 Science and Technology Corridor should pay attention to the coordinated development of industrial transfer while transferring high-end industries, and at the same time open the corresponding regional markets.

Smooth the domestic circulation and build local brands to cope with external competitive risks

While adhering to the basic position and principle of high-quality and high-level opening up, China should pay more attention to tapping the potential of domestic demand, adhere to the domestic and international dual-cycle system, and take the domestic economic cycle as the main body. Under the background of the rise of trade doctrine and the shrinking of global market, it is particularly important to tap domestic demand and establish a huge and dynamic internal consumer market. The signing of rcep plays a significant role in improving the domestic business environment. At the same time, under the favorable policy situation, it has obvious advantages to actively build a unified and stable domestic market, and it also plays an important role in reducing the circulation cost and transaction cost of the domestic market. G60 Science and Technology Corridor should form a unique regional development advantage, make full use of the vast domestic market to achieve economies of scale, reduce production costs, build local brands with international competitiveness, and weaken the threat of external competitiveness.

Shangguan number author: Shanghai Law Society

These ＂rules＂ of various countries are special and novel! You should know when traveling abroad.

　　Chinanews. com client March 21 ST (Wu Heqin) The footsteps of spring come unexpectedly, which is a good time to go out to play, but whether you are traveling overseas or staying in the local area, you must ask the customs when entering the country. In some countries, tangible and intangible regulations need to be mastered, and taboos between races should be noted to avoid embarrassing stepping on "minefields". Imagine focusing your actions in Britain, Bali, the United States and other places on one day: on a sunny morning, you go out for a walk chewing gum and ask a group of African-American young people where there are watermelons. My god, every move you make inadvertently may cause big trouble!

　　Don’t go out.

　　— — There are four bans during the "quiet day" in Bali.

　　"Don’t go out? How can I do that? I have spent a lot of money and time traveling overseas, isn’t it just to go out and play? " That’s true, but choose the right place at the right time. For example, March 17th, which just passed, was Hari Raya Nyepi in Bali. On the same day, Bali Wulalai International Airport was temporarily closed for 24 hours. If you plan to go to Bali on this day, it is obviously inappropriate, even if you were there, you can’t go out.

　　"Quiet Day" is the Hindu New Year in Bali. Different from the lively celebrations of ordinary festivals, there is no celebration on the day of "quiet residence". People sit quietly at home and meditate, and must follow the following four prohibitions: no fire (turning on the light), no work, no going out and no entertainment activities. During the period, except for hospitals, fire departments, police stations and other necessary public service institutions, all shops or units on the island are temporarily closed, and pedestrians and vehicles are not allowed to engage in outdoor activities.

　　Don’t open

　　— — Poland introduced the Law of Closed on Sundays in March.

　　In China, the weekend is the golden business period of many shopping malls and markets, and people who are busy for a week will also use their holidays to "go shopping". However, this is absolutely impossible in Poland. Poland recently promulgated the "Sunday Closed Law", which was officially implemented on March 1, 2018. Of course, restaurants, bakeries, gas stations, flower shops, post offices, pharmacies, and shops in railway stations and airports are not subject to this law.

　　According to the law, from March to December, 2018, on the first and last Sunday of each month, as well as two Sundays before Christmas and one Sunday before Easter, shops can open, and the rest sundays are closed. If Sunday, which was originally open for business, falls on a public holiday, shops are not allowed to open. By 2019, the closed hours will also include the first Sunday of each month.

　　There are many restrictions, so can you manage my secret business? Of course I do. Maybe I’ll go to jail. The law clearly stipulates that stores shall not arrange employees to undertake any work on Sundays when they are closed. Individual stores can and can only be opened by the owner himself on the relevant Sunday. Once you violate the law, you will face a fine of up to about 186,000 yuan, and you may be sentenced to imprisonment for repeated violations.

　　Don’t throw up

　　— — Britain plans to levy chewing gum tax to combat "road psoriasis"

　　According to statistics, people on earth spend about 14 billion pounds (about 123.026 billion yuan) on chewing gum every year, but most of these chewing gum "endings" are stuck on the road or on the soles of shoes. Only the local government in Britain spends 50 million pounds a year to clean up the chewing gum stuck on the road. The country has also used various methods to recycle chewing gum, but with little effect.

　　Recently, philip hammond, the British Chancellor of the Exchequer, said that the government is considering introducing a tax policy for chewing gum, aiming at combating this "road psoriasis" which is difficult to clean up. From March 13th, the British Treasury will solicit opinions from the public to discuss whether a "chewing gum tax" should be imposed on chewing gum products.

　　The industry said that "chewing gum is a problem everywhere, and the only long-term sustainable solution is to change people’s behavior." Then, let’s start with you and me. We shouldn’t spit gum anywhere, not just in Britain, should we?

　　Don’t look back.

　　— — Dutch "red light district" issued a new regulation: back to the window girl.

　　The city government of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, will implement the new regulations from April. If tour guides lead groups of more than 5 people to the "red light district", they must first obtain permission, while group guests of more than 20 people are prohibited from entering.

　　In addition, even if the group is allowed to enter the "red light district", it must abide by a series of regulations, including not staying on the main roads such as bridges, not using loudspeakers and making noise, not taking pictures when passing through a specific window, and the tour guide must also ask the members to turn their backs on the window girl when they stop walking. If a tour group violates the regulations, the tour guide may be fined 190 euros if caught, and the tour company may be fined 950 euros.

　　A local tour guide explained that the purpose of turning your back to the window is to hope that tourists will refrain from spitting, cursing and other indecent behaviors when standing in front of the window girl. As for walking, you can of course browse around. Little friends, the rules are between raising one’s hand and casting one’s foot, so you should be sure of your discretion.

　　Don’t eat melons

　　— — Throwing watermelons at African-Americans involves racial discrimination.

　　Watermelon also involves racial discrimination? But also in court. At the end of last year, five students were suspended for throwing watermelons at African-Americans, and one of them was accused of racial discrimination. I would like to remind my compatriots that in the United States, they must enter the country to ask the customs, and at the same time, they should pay attention to the taboos between races.

　　So, why not mention watermelon in front of African-Americans?

　　Watermelon is a delicious and cheap fruit. During the American Civil War and the African-Americans’ struggle for freedom, the slave owners would give this fruit as a reward to the black slaves working in the cotton fields as a good summer product. Therefore, African-Americans have been labeled as a stereotype that they love watermelon.

　　An extreme example is that a newly hired white firefighter brought watermelons to his colleagues as a meeting gift, but he didn’t expect to immediately arouse other people’s dissatisfaction, resulting in his dismissal after only one day’s work. Because 90% of the firefighters in this consumer station are African-American.

　　In addition, Gabrielle Union, the wife of Dwyane Wade, a famous basketball player, went to work in China one year, during which she was invited to go to KTV, and there were a lot of watermelons in KTV boxes and fruit bowls in China. The group was dumbfounded immediately after entering the box, and the misunderstanding was eliminated after explanation.

　　Friends who are ready to travel, have you mastered these taboos? (End)

Secret： How is a prosthetic made？

Original: Wang Yong

Prosthetic limb is one of the most important assistive devices for the physically disabled, which can help them to work, study and live like normal people. So how are artificial limbs made? Let’s look at a set of pictures first:

Take the leg prosthesis as an example. First, a plaster bandage should be wrapped around the end of the stump to take shape.

Secondly, take off the plaster bandage and it will become a negative type, and then adjust the negative type according to the patient’s situation.

Thirdly, pouring gypsum into the female mold to form the male mold. Similarly, the male type should be adjusted.

Fourth, with a male mold, you can make an inner sleeve (soft material to protect the part in contact with the prosthesis).

Fifth, make a receiving cavity (where the stump is inserted, use strong materials such as resin).

Sixth, assembly (the receiving cavity, joints, foot plates, etc. are assembled together).

Seventh, test, adjust and shape.

Whether it looks simple or not, it is actually very complicated. Then, how can people with physical disabilities get funding and install artificial limbs? In mid-July, the reporter of Public Welfare Times went to Qinghai to fit prostheses for local disabled people with the help of the implementation team of the prosthetic orthopedic adaptation rescue project of the China Welfare Foundation for the Disabled, and learned about related issues.

Personalized adaptation

On the morning of July 10th, 55-year-old Zhao Changqing finally met Liu Jinsong, director of the Orthopedic Department of Beijing Bo ‘ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, who came to fit his prosthesis.

As a teenager, Zhao Changqing, who was accidentally crushed to the leg by a train and had his left calf amputated, has been fitted with a prosthetic for several years, but it has not been replaced because of financial difficulties at home. In order to reduce the wear and tear, Zhao Changqing had to wrap the rest of his left leg in layers of cloth, and then wear artificial limbs.

Liu Jinsong carefully examined the condition of Zhao Changqing’s left stump. "There is too little left in the calf, it is not easy to exert force, it is more difficult to drive the prosthesis, and the end is not able to bear the weight. It is more complicated than I knew before. " Liu Jinsong said.

After discussion, Liu Jinsong team decided to assemble the left kneeled leg prosthesis for Zhao Changqing.

According to Liu Jinsong, the situation like Zhao Changqing is not uncommon. Every disabled person’s limb disability is different, and there is no universal standard type prosthesis to use, which needs personalized adaptation.

"Because the situation of each disabled person is different, every step of making artificial limbs requires the staff to make detailed adjustments." Liu Jinsong stressed.

Disabled people with artificial limbs also need to be familiar with the use of artificial limbs through a certain period of rehabilitation training. "It takes about two weeks to wear a prosthetic, and it takes more than a month to wear it." Liu Jinsong said.

Participation of social forces

According to Liu Jinsong, due to the high technical requirements and the high corresponding costs, many disabled people cannot make such personalized prosthetic adaptation. Zhao Changqing was able to get such an opportunity, thanks to the development of the prosthetic orthopedic adaptation rescue project of the China Welfare Foundation for the Disabled.

"We found in the preliminary investigation that there is almost no rehabilitation field in the public welfare projects of serious illness relief. At the same time, there are 24.72 million people with physical disabilities in China, and the demand for prosthetic adaptation is particularly great. As a welfare foundation for the disabled, we have advantages in this field, so we discussed with the China Rehabilitation Research Center the launch of a prosthetic orthopedic adaptation rescue project. " Chang Da, deputy director of the Publicity Department of China Disabled Welfare Foundation, said.

The project was initiated by the China Welfare Foundation for the Disabled and implemented by the China Rehabilitation Research Center. Through the network of rehabilitation centers and communities in various provinces and cities across the country, poor limb patients were screened for prosthetic orthopedic adaptation surgery, and through later professional rehabilitation training, they were enabled to have basic working ability and independent life.

According to Liu Jinsong, generally speaking, the project insists on providing help to disabled people with poor families. "Children are given priority, the pillars of the family are given priority, the technical requirements are higher, and the priorities that cannot be done locally."

The recipients can go to China Rehabilitation Research Center in Beijing for adaptation, and China Rehabilitation Research Center will also go to local areas for adaptation according to the situation. "On the one hand, it can reduce the burden on patients, on the other hand, it can communicate with local technicians to promote the level of local prosthetic adaptation." Liu Jinsong said.

According to Changda, the project was launched in 2016 and has been implemented for four years, raising more than 10 million yuan through the Internet.

In 2019, the project expert group plans to go deep into poverty-stricken areas in western China, such as Xizang, Ningxia and Qinghai, and carry out rescue screening, with the goal of rescuing 48 patients in the above areas.

The project rescue work in Qinghai began three months ago. The Department of Prosthetics and Orthopedics of China Rehabilitation Research Center and Qinghai Provincial Rehabilitation Service Center for the Disabled jointly carried out the screening work for the aided patients, and 13 patients were screened out.

After the relevant application materials have been approved by the China Welfare Foundation for the Disabled, the China Rehabilitation Research Center will send an expert group to conduct on-the-spot inspection, measurement and selection, production, adaptation and adjustment, training and guidance for the patients. It is planned to complete the assembly of 13 aided patients (17 prostheses) in 3 to 4 weeks.

Integrate into social development

Although the scale of disabled people who have finished assembling artificial limbs through the project is not too large at present, the effect is very obvious-with artificial limbs, disabled people can work like ordinary people and even start businesses. One-legged courier brother Li Hongjun is one of them.

Li Hongjun, born in 1985, was raised by his uncle when his mother died at the age of 4. Before graduating from primary school, Li Hongjun set foot on the society. At the age of 17, he lost his right leg because of an accident on the construction site. After the operation, Li Hongjun returned to junior high school to continue his studies. When he graduated from junior high school, he was already 20 years old.

After graduation, Li Hongjun worked as a worker, an actor in a disabled art troupe, opened a newsstand and delivered a courier. The days when the courier was delivered were very difficult for Li Hongjun. "The main reason is that it is inconvenient to move, and the movement is much slower." What he is most afraid of is to send large goods, because his legs and feet are inconvenient for one person to move.

In 2017, Li Hongjun, who received assistance from the prosthetic orthopedic adaptation rescue project, came to China Rehabilitation Research Center. China Rehabilitation Research Center sent an expert team composed of orthopedic surgeons, prosthetic engineers and rehabilitation therapists to consult him, discuss and formulate the configuration plan, and finally adapt the prosthesis for him.

After several weeks of rehabilitation training, including simple weight bearing, center of gravity shifting, walking inside the bar, walking outside the bar, going up and down stairs, breaking up and down, walking on complicated outdoor roads, etc., Li Hongjun finally walked step by step from not being able to use artificial limbs to being able to walk on crutches and finally walking without crutches.

With the help of artificial limbs, Li Hongjun is more confident. When he first started delivering express delivery, his greatest wish was to have a courier store. In 2018 "double 11", the courier station jointly operated by Li Hongjun and his friends finally opened.

Talent cultivation is a big problem.

The role of prosthetic orthopedic adaptation in the fields of helping the disabled and tackling poverty is undoubtedly very important, but there are still many problems to be solved in order to promote it on a large scale.

First, the funding problem remains to be solved. Compared with congenital heart disease, leukemia and other serious diseases, the urgency of prosthetic adaptation is not so strong. It is difficult to raise funds when raising funds publicly on the Internet, and few charitable organizations launch such projects. The China Welfare Foundation for the Disabled can only solve a limited number of problems.

"We hope to make this project a brand and build a rescue fund pool through fundraising." Chang Da said.

Second, there is a shortage of professionals and equipment. As mentioned earlier, prosthetic adaptation needs to be handled one by one, "equivalent to the difference between ready-made clothes and customization." Liu Jinsong said that, therefore, a large number of professionals are needed, but there are very few prosthetics and orthotists in China and few training institutions.

According to Liu Jinsong, there are more than 2,000 prosthetic orthopedic institutions in Germany with a population of 80 million, but there are no specialized prosthetic orthopedic rooms in some provinces in China.

"When we go to local areas to carry out projects, we bring our own materials and borrow local equipment, but in many places, the technical accessibility is not enough and our staff need to develop them on the spot. Despite this, the requirements are the same, and we emphasize that the staff should have the spirit of artisans. " Liu Jinsong stressed.

-END

Dialogue Qi Chen, founder of WeShop： If AIGC is a hammer, then we need to find the application nail.

　　Digital watermarking technology will usher in national standards. A few days ago, the National Network Security Standardization Technical Committee publicly solicited opinions on the national standard "Information Security Technology Digital Watermarking Technology Implementation Guide" (hereinafter referred to as the standard). The standard defines the technical framework of digital watermarking, and the watermark needs to be embedded in the watermark carrier (such as images, videos, documents, etc.); Clarify the function of digital watermarking technology; Clarify the realization process of digital watermarking; Suggestions on the selection of watermarking algorithm, the use of typical watermarking scenes and the evaluation method of watermarking function are also given.

　　Recently, Qi Chen, founder of WeShop and chairman of Mushroom Street, mentioned in an exclusive interview with national business daily that AIGC technology has been applied to the commercial auction market, and there are problems in industry standards and norms of AI commercial auction at present. After the establishment of subsequent industry standards and norms, the company will continue to study and follow up.

　　In 2023, as the founder of WeShop, Qi Chen joined the AI Application Working Group of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. After many ups and downs in the Internet technology market, he knows that the high-growth technology industry often goes through the stage of immaturity to chaos, and then to maturity.

　　In 2023, AIGC technology set off a new wave of innovation and entrepreneurship in the domestic Internet technology industry. Qi Chen felt that AIGC technology was like a hammer, and only by finding a nail that he was good at could he nail down one side of the space. From graphic e-commerce to live e-commerce, Mushroom Street gives people more awareness of the platform of To C. This time, unlike in the past, he aimed at the B-end market and launched WeShop’s AI commercial shooting platform.

　　How big is the commercial space for AI commercial shooting? National business daily (hereinafter referred to as NBD) reporter chatted with Qi Chen.

　　AI commercial auction lacks standards and specifications.

　　NBD: As an e-commerce user, I found on some e-commerce websites in China that some merchants have used AI commercial auction to display and sell goods. If you don’t pay attention, you may not be aware of the use of AI technology, but I saw that the feedback from users in the comment area is AI commercial auction. What do you think of the current application of this technology?

　　Qi Chen: The point you mentioned actually fed back several questions: First, the current AI commercial auction technology is still in the development period, and there is still room for continuous improvement; Secondly, it also involves issues of industry norms and legislation. WeShop is very cautious in this respect. For example, last year, we were actively applying for the filing of the national AI algorithm. At the beginning of this year, WeShop passed, and we were also the first batch of enterprises to pass.

　　Recently, we saw the news that digital watermarking technology will usher in the national standard, requiring AI to add digital watermarking to generated content. In fact, before the draft for comment came out, we were also making relevant preparations for AI image watermarking.

　　We have experienced several rounds of ups and downs in the industry before, and we have some experience, so we think it is good for everyone to make early judgment and preparation.

　　NBD: Why is the direction of re-starting a business AI?

　　Qi Chen: In earlier years, Mushroom Street tried the technology of virtual try-on, and AI technology was also applied at that time, but the AI at that time was generally biased towards the recognition function. This round of AIGC focuses more on generative AI. At the end of 2022, when AIGC exploded, we suddenly realized that at this critical point, it seemed to meet some of the needs of virtual fitting that we had hoped to achieve before, so we started the project in early 2023, and about three months later, we went online to shoot WeShop.

　　NBD: The idea at that time was to make a new iteration on the previous AI recognition technology?

　　Qi Chen: As far as my entrepreneurial path and main line are concerned, there is still a very clear trunk in general. It is how to show more real goods on the virtual screen, so that the information gap between consumers and businesses can be reduced. The waterfall stream and live e-commerce created by Mushroom Street in the early years are all for this purpose. After this round of AIGC technology broke out, we also tried new projects with this idea.

　　NBD: Efficiency and quality are actually difficult to balance. Although technology can be pushed forward, can the information gap behind it be eliminated?

　　Qi Chen: There may be some brands that deliberately create the information gap, but like us, as a retail channel, we hope to reduce the information gap to some extent. From the consumer’s point of view, people may think that consumers naturally want to eliminate the information gap. But in fact, sometimes this is not the case. If there is no information difference between merchants and consumers at all, for example, no packaging at all, consumers may not like it either.

　　Therefore, our main line is to reduce the information gap as much as possible and constantly use new technologies to reduce the information gap. Usually, when a technology is fully used by the whole industry, its information gap will increase again, so we begin to look for new technologies, which is a process of constant competition and mutual influence.

　　Find the small incision application scenario

　　NBD：WeShop was developed by the artificial intelligence team of Mushroom Street. Compared with the previous e-commerce platform of to C, WeShop is a B-side AIGC application, which user groups does it mainly serve?

　　Qi Chen: WeShop’s business is biased towards the B end, which is a new attempt for us. In addition to the e-commerce platform and retail platform that we tried before, we also hope that as an importer and developer of technology applications, we can apply technology to target customers more widely.

　　At present, according to our user data, it is mainly divided into several categories: one is domestic e-commerce customers, the other is cross-border e-commerce customers, and the other is brand design customers and advertising customers. Geographically, more than half of our customers are overseas.

　　An interesting phenomenon is that Brazil is the country with the largest number of overseas customers. Where are their demand points? For example, to sell small commodities and agricultural products, they need to change their backgrounds and models, change their domestic backgrounds to those of Brazil, and change their models of China to those of Latin America.

　　NBD: In the eyes of many bosses, AI is a sharp weapon to "reduce costs and increase efficiency". From the practical application point of view, what is the willingness of enterprises to use technology to reduce costs and increase efficiency when it comes to specific application scenarios?

　　Qi Chen: From the perspective of our customers, there is a huge difference between the cognition of the boss and that of the front-line operators. In addition, there are also great cognitive differences among bosses: some people don’t know enough about AI, some people think that AI can solve all problems, and some people think that AI can’t solve anything.

　　Then, the front-line employees’ cognition of AI is also divided: some people will actively embrace AI and improve work efficiency; There are also some people who will resist and worry that AI will affect their work.

　　NBD: After the explosive development last year, how do you see the development of AIGC application this year?

　　Qi Chen: The year 2024 is still crucial. This year should be the stage when AIGC applications are really used by everyone. Therefore, people like us who are engaged in AI application development must do something.

　　First of all, understand the customer’s application scenarios very well, break down the customer’s entire workflow and work scenarios, and apply different AI functions in different scenarios. Secondly, it is clear in which scenario we can satisfy our customers. At present, ChatGPT is basically completed in the form of dialogue, which seems to be very powerful, but from the work point of view, this interface is actually not professional enough and its controllability is very poor.

　　WeShop has accumulated hundreds of thousands of customers without advertising and marketing. The reason is that our scene is cut very finely and the granularity is very small. At present, the core of the AI ​ ​ commercial auction launched by WeShop is still staring at the AI ​ ​ application related to the field of e-commerce marketing. From this point of view, 2024 should be a very interesting year. This year, everyone will focus on each segment. In 2023, many enterprises launched large models, some of which cost a lot of money. At first, they were "the hammer of Raytheon", but the actual application scenario to be landed may still be as small as a nail. There may be many times when you don’t need the "Thor’s Hammer" at all. Just find a very precise small incision "small nail" and knock it in with a small hammer.

　　Therefore, I think in 2024, in addition to "hammers", there will be "pliers" and "wrenches" on the market. The real universal model, just like the industrial machine tool, is to help you make "hammers" and production tools.

　　NBD: For the current AI commercial auction technology in the industry, some users feel that it has not achieved the expected results. What do you think of the development path of AI commercial auction technology?

　　Qi Chen: The growth of science and technology is a gradual upward process; Every time the technology advances, more customers buy. Now there are customers who continue to pay and use, which shows that the current level of AI business shooting has met the needs of some customers. However, in the face of the needs of other users, there may be room for improvement in technology, and sometimes we need the blessing of our artificial intelligence team.

　　I think the technology may have to develop for two years. At that time, everyone is expected to know more about what AI can do, what will be replaced by AI and what cannot be replaced.

The patient will die in a day or two. How did the doctor know？ The doctor told you the truth.

Earlier, Xiao Jiu saw a topic related to death on the Internet: "What are the signs before the old man died? Is there a scientific explanation? 」

Image from the network

Netizens have been discussing this constantly, and many netizens have also described the process of their loved ones’ death:

@ 临临: Grandfather left at 4 o’clock in the morning. Suddenly, he got up, full of energy, and shouted to get dressed quickly. He had to go, while wearing a shroud, he talked to my father, uncle and uncle, and finally shook his skirts.

@ Brilliant: Grandpa stayed in bed. Before he left, he always asked his mother for clothes, crutches, and said that he was leaving. Don’t stop him and let him get up. As a result, he died the next day. Mom said that he might really help him get up and leave that night.

@ Morning Star: My mother went to the toilet three times before she died. I couldn’t pull it out for a long time before. I thought my mother’s constipation was almost over, but she died the next day.

It is said that everything is fate, but most people still can’t accept the death of their loved ones. I am extremely sad, but I still can’t change the fact that my loved ones have passed away. Are there any signs before people die?

01

The patient will die in a day or two,

How did the doctor know?

"Just for a day or two, be prepared."

In the ward, doctors sometimes tell patients’ families that they should prepare for the funeral as soon as possible, or try to accompany patients to comfort their dying days, so as not to leave regrets. But some people are puzzled. How did the doctor judge?

In fact, people will have some special signs before dying, and doctors can make comprehensive judgments according to the symptoms of patients and the performance of various physical data.

Observation of vital signs: Doctors will pay close attention to patients’ vital signs, such as heart rate, respiration, blood pressure and body temperature. If these indicators continue to deteriorate and cannot be improved by treatment, then this may be a dangerous signal.

Symptom evaluation: If the patient has severe dyspnea, disturbance of consciousness, inability to eat or persistent pain, these may be signs of the deterioration of the disease.

Examination index: The doctor will combine the results of laboratory examination and imaging examination to evaluate the patient’s condition. For example, the deterioration of key indicators such as heart failure, severe malignant arrhythmia, acute renal failure and liver failure may indicate that the patient is in critical condition.

In addition, the more cases experienced doctors may come into contact with dying patients, the more theoretical or practical experience they have, and the more accurate their judgments are.

02

What will people experience before they die?

Is there really a "bounce back"?

The experience before death is a mystery to most people. In fact, many people who have been dying or experienced the death of their families have something in common, although the contents expressed are not the same, for example, the following four are the most common.

1. Death growl

Before people die, their body functions decline rapidly, and the secretions collected in the throat or lungs cannot be metabolized, which will affect the airflow when the patient breathes and make a gurgling sound, which is often called "death roar".

2. Body temperature drops

This is because the circulatory system in the body gradually slows down, and the blood flow rate and blood supply will also decrease. In addition, patients at this time are often in a state of dehydration, so they will show a sudden drop in body temperature and cold and wet skin.

3. The pain is unbearable

At this time, the dying person’s brain function gradually declines, and his will will gradually lose. He can’t adapt to the physical pain perception and will feel more intense pain. There are also some patients who suffer from pain caused by illness, which will constantly stimulate the pain nerves of the human body, so that patients are suffering from physiological pain even before they die, which is more common in patients who died of illness.

4, incontinence

Before dying, all parts of the brain are gradually inactivated, which leads to the deterioration of body control and the inability to complete normal excretion function, so some people will have incontinence.

In addition, there will be some "dead-end" actions, which are medically explained as a self-help mechanism of the human body before death.

Because the body senses an unfavorable signal, it will actively send a "rescue" signal to the brain, and the brain responds by starting an "energy emergency supply plan" to release the energy stored in the whole body to meet the needs of the human body. Once the energy is released, the body will return to its original state, and life will end here.

Therefore, generally, this "light-to-light" process will not take too long, at most it will take 1-2 days, and the short one may take a few minutes.

03

What can we do when our loved ones are dying?

Before the death of their loved ones, many people may choose overtreatment to save the lives of patients, but this will often aggravate the pain of patients and cause irreparable regret when patients die. In fact, it is more meaningful to do these things before the death of a loved one.

When relatives have difficulty breathing before leaving, it is often because of the difficulty of breathing caused by organ failure. At this time, family members can open the window for ventilation and do not gather too much.

If the patient feels cold, it is because of the sudden drop of body temperature caused by the deterioration of blood circulation. No amount of quilt covers can alleviate it, but it will increase the body weight. In fact, the correct way is to add and subtract quilts appropriately, which can help them rub their hands and feet or wipe their bodies to improve their blood circulation.

People who are dying will have difficulty eating in the last stage, so even if patients don’t want to eat at this time, don’t force them to eat, respect their wishes, and if necessary, you can dip a cotton swab in water and apply it to your lips to solve the problem of dry lips.

Let the dying people walk more comfortably, which may be the last thing they can do as family members. In addition, they can talk more when the patients are dying. Although they can’t respond physically, they can still hear the outside world. Don’t leave empty regrets if there is anything they can’t say at ordinary times.

References:

[1] "What strange reactions will happen to your body before you die? Will there really be a blip? It makes people cry after reading it. Popular Science China. 2022-06-05.

[2] "What changes will the body experience in the last few minutes? Health Times. 2021-11-29.

[3] "What is the process of dying? How to walk through the last journey of life with dignity? Fortunately, I read it in my lifetime. Healthy Chengdu Guanwei. 2019-11-10.

Original title: "The patient will die in a day or two. How did the doctor know? The doctor told you the truth.

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