标签： 武汉夜生活导航

In order to further understand the recycling situation of renewable resources in Changzhou, promote waste reduction and improve the recycling rate of renewable resources in Changzhou, this survey was conducted from June 27, 2022 to July 27, 2022, and the results are now fed back as follows:

1. How old are you? multiple choice

7.89% are under 18 years old.

18-35 years old accounted for 50%

36-59 years old accounted for 34.21%

7.9% are aged 60 or above.

2. What is your educational level? multiple choice

Junior high school and below accounted for 13.16%

Technical secondary schools and high schools account for 13.16%

College accounts for 23.68%

Bachelor degree or above accounts for 50%

3. What is your occupation? multiple choice

Students account for 13.16%

7.89% are freelancers.

Employees in enterprises and institutions account for 55.26%.

Farmers account for 5.26%

Others accounted for 18.43%

4. What are the renewable resources (recyclables) generated in your home? multiple-choice question

Waste paper accounts for 97.37%

Waste plastics accounted for 81.58%

Scrap metal accounts for 71.05%

Waste glass accounts for 26.32%

Waste textiles accounted for 63.16%

Electronic waste accounts for 42.11%

Others accounted for 15.79%

5. Do you sort and collect recyclables separately? multiple choice

Will account for 63.16%

Will not account for 36.84%

6. What do you usually do with the recyclables at home? multiple choice

52.63% were sold to waste recycling vendors by themselves.

23.68% were put into recycling bins.

Directly thrown into the trash can accounted for 21.05%

2.64% were given to cleaning staff for disposal free of charge.

7. How long do you usually deal with recyclables? multiple choice

26.32% per day.

39.47% when piled up to a certain amount.

Cleaning once a week accounts for 15.79%

Cleaning once a month accounts for 13.16%

Others account for 5.26%

8. Do you pay attention to the price when selling recyclable materials? multiple choice

Yes, if the price is not suitable, it will not be sold, accounting for 23.68%.

No, as long as the recycling is timely and reasonable, the price does not matter, accounting for 28.95%.

Expecting a unified market price accounts for 47.37%.

9. Do you pay attention to weight when selling recyclable materials? multiple choice

Yes, the accuracy of measuring tools accounts for 76.32%.

No, I don’t care, the weight is not much different, accounting for 23.68%

10. What is the reason why you don’t want to sell the renewable resources in your home? multiple-choice question

Less inventory at home accounts for 36.84%

Selling is troublesome, accounting for 52.63%

The profit is less than 18.42%

Unclear recycling location accounted for 39.47%.

Others accounted for 13.16%

11. In your opinion, does the mixture of recyclable materials in domestic garbage have a great impact on the environment? multiple choice

Great influence, accounting for 71.05%

The impact generally accounts for 28.95%

No impact accounted for 0%

12. What’s your opinion about the recycling of renewable resources? multiple choice

It is necessary to account for 63.16%

It should be advocated to account for 34.21%

It doesn’t matter, accounting for 2.63%

13. In your community, what is the frequency of regular and fixed-point publicity activities for renewable resources? multiple choice

Once a week accounts for 10.53%

Once a month accounts for 7.89%

Once every six months, accounting for 7.89%

Once a year accounts for 7.89%

Unclear accounted for 65.8%

14. Which of the following measures do you think will help improve the recycling rate of renewable resources? multiple-choice question

68.42% of newly-built renewable resources outlets are operated by specialized recycling personnel.

81.58% of the residents can sell themselves by putting in intelligent recycling bins for renewable resources.

Increase publicity, regularly carry out recycling days in the community, and trade recyclable materials through mobile recycling points.　

Accounting for 73.68%

57.89% of them made an appointment by phone or platform for home recycling.

Others account for 5.26%

Second, the analysis of the survey results

In this online survey, respondents aged 18-35 account for 50%, and most of them have bachelor degree or above, accounting for 50%. According to the survey, 63.16% of the respondents think that they will sort and collect recyclable materials, and 52.63% and 47.37% will sell and dispose of them in time. In the question of "What are the renewable resources generated at home", 97.37% chose waste paper, 81.58% chose waste plastic, 71.05% chose waste metal, 42.11% chose electronic waste, and 26.32% chose waste glass and 63.16% chose waste textiles respectively. In the frequency of recycling, 26.32% of the respondents chose "every day", while 39.47% chose "when stacked to a certain amount". In the question of "whether to pay attention to the price when selling recyclable materials", most people choose "expecting a unified market price", accounting for 47.37%; At the same time, in the question of whether to pay attention to the weight when selling recyclable materials, 76.32% of the respondents hope that the measuring tools should be accurate. 65.8% of the participants are not clear about the frequency of regular and fixed-point publicity activities on renewable resources carried out by the community.

III. Opinions and suggestions

(1) Accelerate the construction and improvement of the recycling system for low-value recyclables. At the collection end, with the relevant system of garbage classification, the low-value recyclable collection points with wide coverage, various forms, convenient and efficient management will be laid out in the traditional form and the "internet plus recycling" model, and residents will be gradually guided to form the habit of garbage classification and recycling; Establish and improve supporting management systems such as classified collection, transportation and transit to ensure the stable operation of the recycling system; Increase the cultivation and development of related industries for back-end reuse, open up channels for back-end processing and utilization, and drive the front-end with the back-end.

(two) to increase publicity and guidance for residents. Various forms of publicity, such as poster display boards, publicity and training, and community activities, are adopted to vigorously publicize the significance of recycling renewable resources, popularize the knowledge of low-value recyclables, and call on residents to actively participate in classified recycling. Convene party member residents who are enthusiastic about public welfare to form classified recycling instructors and volunteers, continuously improve the level of citizens’ awareness through various forms of publicity, and lay a solid foundation for social awareness.

(3) Consolidate and improve the supporting policies for recycling renewable resources. Industry authorities should speed up the establishment and improvement of relevant laws and regulations to ensure that there are laws and regulations to follow in the recycling of renewable resources, and support funds are in place.

Wen | Jiashipai fish is not a fish.

In our impression, American car manufacturers don’t seem to be very active in treating real sports cars. Detroit’s Big Three have had many classic muscle cars and small carriages in history, but there are very few sports cars in a narrow sense. Although both Ford GT and Dodge Viper have made a blockbuster, the former has only been revived for two or three years, while the latter has been discontinued for two or three years, and there is still no sign that it will continue to be updated. The historical accumulation can not be compared with Porsche 911, or even as long as Nissan Z series.

But there is also an exception, that is, Chevrolet’s Corvette.

In fact, Corvette is probably the oldest car in the world. The first generation of Corvette appeared as early as 1953, which was better than the other two senior Nameplate— — 9/11 and Mustang were 11 years earlier. Since then, Corvette has produced seven generations without interruption, and the eighth generation will be launched next year.

The 2019 Chevrolet Corvette I test-drive this time is the last model of the 7th generation Corvette(C7). The version is Corvette Stingray Coupe, that is, the power is the basic model of natural inhalation, and the car body is Targa Top created by 911. The carbon fiber hardtop can be disassembled manually, and behind the detachable hardtop is a high roll cage, so it is more like a semi-convertible feeling after opening.

At first glance, you can feel that Corvette is obviously different from Camaro, which belongs to Chevrolet. Corvette’s body is much lower, and the height of the car is only 1234 mm. Although the 6 th generation Camaro has lowered the body in order to get closer to the sports car, the height of the car is still 1350 mm. At the same time, Corvette is much shorter, the length of the car is only 4493mm, which is nearly 300mm less than that of Comalo. The low car height and short body, combined with a large car width (1877mm), give this car a tight feeling of lying on the ground. On the other hand, Corvette’s posture is more backward, which is very similar to the GT model like Ferrari 812 Superfast.

The feeling of driving this car is actually more like a GT than a sports car.

Why do you say that? First of all, although this car has a huge displacement — — Although it is only a V8, it has 6.2 liters, and the maximum horsepower of 461 horses is not low, but this car will not make people feel particularly "sporty" or "fast".

Just looking at the technical parameters of the chassis, you may think that this car has a very good sports foundation.

The first is the layout of front center and rear drive. This layout, in which the engine is placed between the front axle and the driver but driven by the rear wheel, is generally considered as one of the most balanced and maneuverable automobile layouts. This is the layout of Honda S2000. The 7th generation Corvette does have a 50: 50 front and rear axle weight distribution.

The suspension structure does not hold back at all, and its front and rear suspensions are generally considered to be the most suitable double wishbone structure for sports cars. In addition, Corvette’s unique point is that its front and rear suspension damping mechanism is not a coil spring, but a Leaf Spring.

Generally speaking, leaf springs are generally used on trucks because they are harder and have poor shock absorption effect, but they are more rigid and have stronger load-bearing capacity.

However, Corvette’s spring has several major differences: first, it is single-layer rather than multi-layer; Secondly, its material is not steel, but fiber reinforced plastic, which is much lighter than steel plate under the same strength; Finally, it is arranged horizontally rather than vertically, running through the whole axial direction, which can not only reduce vibration in the vertical direction, instead of spiral spring, but also play the role of transverse anti-roll bar. This damping system is considered to greatly reduce unsprung weight, thus improving handling. In fact, this kind of damping structure is also called Corvette Leaf Spring— — Corvette leaf spring.

However, its real sports performance experience is not as beautiful as the technical data said.

In fact, the feeling of driving, the rear of this car is very unstable. First of all, it still shows a certain tail flick in the corner, which makes it feel difficult to control. Secondly, its suspension seems to be a little too soft, its travel is too long, its movement is still slow, and the ups and downs of its body posture will be obvious, and it also lacks confidence because of too little road feeling. Finally, although many lightweight designs are used and the figure is not big, its weight still reaches 1.6 tons because of the excessive displacement of the 6.2-liter engine. Although this figure itself is not too high, it is particularly cumbersome to cooperate with the body that is not stable enough. There is always a feeling of dragging one’s ass around the corner quickly, which is easy to make people panic.

In addition, although its steering virtual position is very small, and the steering wheel has a small width, these are closer to a good steering feel. But on the other hand, its direction is not particularly clear, the steering ratio seems to be a little small, and it will not make people feel particularly easy to control.

And the displacement of 6.2 liters, although it is already the largest displacement among hundreds of cars I have driven, is not fast.

This aspect is the problem of vehicle orientation — — Its sound insulation is good, and the suspension is stable and comfortable at high speed cruising, which leads to its weak sense of speed.

On the other hand, it is the problem of dynamic response — — GM’s 8AT gearbox has a good shift comfort, and there is no obvious setback in fierce driving, but the downshift action is obviously a little slow. It takes one second to think about it when stepping on the accelerator. The exercise mode will be better, but the improvement will be limited.

The only thing that makes the whole car feel passionate enough is the sound of the engine.

In fact, the sound of S2000 and Bosxter are also very good, but compared with this 6.2-liter LT1, it is still slightly inferior. With the advantages of displacement and cylinder number, it is still more detailed and vigorous. What makes people want to stop most is its backfire sound. I don’t know whether it is because of the design of exhaust or something. This car is prone to backfire sound. Just step on the accelerator a little deeper and then take it all away. Sometimes it will sound several times in a row, even when it is ignited. It seems that there is a temper in exquisiteness.

Excluding the sound, just looking at the driving pleasure, it is actually obviously not as good as many cheaper cars, such as Honda S2000, Ford Mustang, BMW 2 Series, and even Subaru Impreza.

So I don’t like this car? Not really.

It’s probably the most comfortable sports car I’ve ever driven for high-speed cruising. That’s why I say it’s more like a smaller GT. Corvette’s chassis is neither as hard as Bosxter nor as dynamic as S2000. This suspension is like a typical American adjustment — — It is soft and the journey is long enough, so it is comfortable enough, and the big ditch will not have excessive impact; The gasket is made of enough materials to look thick. However, because the rebound damping of the suspension is relatively large, the movement is slow, and it feels that it can hold the car body, which is more stable.

And its sound insulation is also quite excellent, especially when driving beyond the legal speed limit in the United States. On the one hand, the rigidity of the car body is good, on the other hand, the 8-speed gearbox is matched with a large-displacement engine with good low torque, and the speed ratio is set low enough. At 130 km/h, the gearbox is in the seventh gear, and the engine is only 1000 rpm. Although the engine is not particularly passionate at high speed, the torque at medium and low speed is quite good. Everyday driving overtaking, lightly stepping on the accelerator, there is enough power without downshifting, and it is very easy to drive.

In addition, its sitting posture is also very comfortable. Although the sitting posture is very low and very backward, it will be more difficult to sit in. But after sitting in it, you can find that the ergonomic design and seat material are comfortable enough, and they are also open and unyielding. I have been driving for 4 hours without any discomfort, which is much more comfortable than Porsche Boxter. The only slot point is that for people who are a little taller, because the roof is too low, the upper edge of the windshield will obviously block the line of sight.

So will I buy this car? It seems unlikely.

The price of this car is not cheap. The starting price of $56,000 in the United States is only 10% cheaper than that of Porsche Bosxter, and after all, the brand, design and interior and exterior workmanship are not as high-end as the latter — — Although the leather and stitching of the interior of American cars are not low-grade, they still have a little flavor. At the same time, although the horsepower is greater, both the power feeling and the control feeling are far behind, and it is not a car that can make people enjoy the feeling of driving too fast.

The place that can make it more like a duck to water is actually Autobahn in Germany. When you really drive 160 km/h or even 200 km/h just to get to your destination faster, this Corvette is relaxed, stable, quiet and comfortable enough, and it can really make the eighth gear useful. But embarrassingly, because of the strict emission, fuel consumption and displacement restrictions in Europe, its price in Europe is very expensive — — It is more than 50% more expensive than Bosxter, which makes it equally uncompetitive.

It’s not easy to say I love you!

Figure | Fish is not a fish

Overseas & inciting

The European Union announced the Chip Act, which plans to significantly increase the share of chip production.

On February 8, local time, the European Commission announced the Chip Act, which has attracted much attention from the outside world, and plans to greatly increase the EU’s share of chip production in the world. According to the bill, the EU will invest more than 43 billion euros in public and private funds to support chip production, pilot projects and start-ups. Among them, 11 billion euros will be used to strengthen existing research, development and innovation to ensure the deployment of advanced semiconductor tools and experimental production lines for prototype design and testing. By 2030, the EU plans to increase its share of global chip production from the current 10% to 20%. (CCTV News)

LG New Energy plans to increase the production capacity of the Michigan plant by five times.

According to reports, the Holland City Council of Michigan recently approved the tax reduction plan for LG New Energy, the world’s second largest battery manufacturer, to invest and expand its local factory. As a result, most local taxes and state taxes will be exempted from the factory for 20 years. According to the business plan submitted by South Korean battery giant LG New Energy to Holland, LG plans to spend 1.7 billion US dollars (about 10.82 billion yuan) to make the annual battery production capacity of local factories reach 25GWh by 2025, which is 5 times higher than the current 5GWh. (Sina Technology)

Austrian anti-monopoly court "gives a green light" to Facebook’s acquisition of animation platform Giphy.

According to reports, an anti-monopoly court in Austria conditionally approved Facebook’s acquisition of Giphy, an animation platform. This is good for Facebook. Earlier, the British antitrust regulator said that Facebook must sell Giphy because the deal will not be conducive to competition in social media platforms and display advertising. In 2020, Facebook acquired Giphy for $315 million and integrated it with its Instagram. (Sina Technology)

Frontier Airlines and Spirit Airlines announced the merger.

On February 7, local time, Frontier Airlines and Spirit Airlines, the two largest low-cost airlines in the United States, agreed to merge, which will become the fifth largest airline in the United States. According to reports, according to the merger agreement, the transaction is worth 6.6 billion US dollars, Frontier Airlines will own 51.5% of the shares of the merged company, while Spirit Airlines will own the remaining 48.5%. At present, the name of the merged airline, the candidate for CEO and the location of the airline headquarters are still uncertain. (CCTV News)

Apple acquires AI Music, an AI music company in London.

According to reports, Apple acquired a London startup called AI Music, which uses AI technology to generate customized music. AI Music was established in 2016 and the acquisition transaction has been completed in recent weeks. Before the transaction, AI Music had about 20 employees. AI Music uses royalty-free music and AI technology to create customized music. Its original intention is to make dynamic audio tracks based on user interaction. For example, in a video game concert, the music can be adjusted according to the intensity during exercise according to the mood changes. (Sina Technology)

Company & Dynamic

Softbank announced that it would terminate the sale of ARM to NVIDIA and prepare for IPO.

Softbank Group announced that on February 8, 2022, the company and NVIDIA agreed to terminate the previous agreement on the sale of ARM and prepare for the initial public offering (IPO) of ARM. Softbank said that according to the agreement reached on September 13, 2020, the deposit of $1.25 billion paid by NVIDIA to Softbank will not be refunded and will be included in the profit in the fourth quarter of this fiscal year. In addition, Softbank and ARM will prepare for ARM’s IPO in FY 2022 (as of March 31, 2023) respectively. (Phoenix Net Technology)

Anke biotechnology: It is planned to buy back shares for 40 million yuan to 60 million yuan.

Anke biotechnology announced that the company intends to use its own funds to buy back some shares of the company by centralized bidding, and all the repurchased shares will be used to implement equity incentive or employee stock ownership plan. The repurchase amount is not less than 40 million yuan and not more than 60 million yuan, and the repurchase price is not more than 12 yuan/share.

Haitong Securities: It is expected that A-shares will be dominated by structural market.

Haitong Securities pointed out that the domestic economic prosperity has dropped slightly, the policy of steady growth is expected to continue to heat up, overseas markets generally pick up during the long holiday, and the A-share market is expected to stabilize and rebound. Since the beginning of the year, the risk appetite in the A-share market has continued to weaken due to the tightening expectation of overseas monetary policy and the risk aversion factors before the capital festival. Before the Federal Reserve’s meeting on interest rates in March, it is expected that A-shares will still be dominated by structural market. However, the overall valuation of A-shares is reasonable, and the "steady growth" policy will be fully exerted, focusing on industries such as real estate, building materials, home appliances and construction that typically benefit from the "steady growth" policy, as well as new infrastructure such as wind power and photovoltaic. (CBN)

CICC: It is estimated that the price of industrial silicon may be high before and low after 2022.

The research report of CICC believes that the price of industrial silicon may rebound after the year, and we are optimistic about the market in 2022. Industrial silicon will face a shortage after consuming the previous inventory, and the price may go up again. In the second half of the year, the shortage of the industry will be greatly alleviated due to the commissioning of the 400,000-ton project of Hesheng Shanshan. On the whole, it is estimated that the price of industrial silicon may be high before and low after 2022. In the next five years, polysilicon (demand CAGR+20%) and silicone (CAGR+9%) will promote the rapid growth of industrial silicon demand, and the industry has long-term growth value. (Securities Times)

Founder Securities: The performance of upstream and middle enterprises in the military industry chain is expected to take the lead in welcoming a new round of growth.

Founder Securities Research Report believes that the upstream enterprises in the military industrial chain and some enterprises in the middle reaches of the industrial chain have short production cycle and early revenue recognition, and their performance first reflects the prosperity of the industry. Their downstream customers are scattered and their supply is relatively concentrated, with strong bargaining power and less pressure to reduce prices. In the short term, the prosperity of the military industry will continue in 2022, and the performance of enterprises in the middle and upper reaches of the military industry chain is expected to take the lead in welcoming a new round of growth, or it will be reflected in the first quarterly report; In the medium and long term, China’s military industry will continue to be in a high boom stage in the "14 th Five-Year Plan", and the performance of middle and upper reaches of military enterprises is expected to continue to grow rapidly. (Securities Times)

Guotai Junan: It is expected that the price of lithium will continue to rise after the Spring Festival.

Guotai Junan pointed out that the price of lithium plate continued to rise. Due to the approach of the Spring Festival, logistics stopped gradually last week, and new trading orders stopped one after another, with few transactions, but only a small amount of quotations have been raised to more than 390,000 yuan/ton of battery-grade lithium carbonate. Spot transaction price list: battery-grade lithium carbonate is 370,000-375,000 yuan/ton, industrial-grade lithium carbonate is about 360,000 yuan/ton, and battery-grade lithium hydroxide is 300,000-330,000 yuan/ton (with the increase). It is expected that the price will continue to rise after the Spring Festival, and it is optimistic that the transaction price of mainstream lithium will reach 400,000 yuan/ton in February. (CBN)

Capital & Venture Capital

The customized graphene product R&D supplier "Morui Technology" has completed over 100 million yuan in Series B financing.

Recently, Morui Technology, a customized graphene product R&D supplier, announced that it has completed the B round of financing of over 100 million yuan. The two rounds of financing were led by Chendao Capital and Yuexiu Industrial Fund respectively, and Potential Energy Capital served as the exclusive financial advisor for several consecutive rounds. Zhao Hongzhong, CEO of Morui Technology, said that this round of financing funds will be used for production line construction, product research and development and business development.

DaaS software manufacturer "Maicong Software" received tens of millions of yuan in Pre-A round of financing.

Maicong Software, a DaaS (Data as a Service) software manufacturer, has recently received tens of millions of Pre-A rounds of financing, with joint investment from Dark Horse Fund and Aggregate Capital. According to founder Cheng Zhiguo, this round of financing is mainly used for upgrading the bottom of technology, further expanding product lines, ecological construction and marketing.

The medical digital product platform "Yimai Medical" won tens of millions of yuan in Series A financing.

Recently, the medical digital product platform "Yimai Medical" completed tens of millions of series A financing, which was led by Shangyuan Capital and followed by CITIC Venture Capital; The team invested about 10 million yuan. This round of financing is mainly used to improve the whole series of orthopedic product lines, marketing and promotion.

The unmanned retail brand "Feng E Zu Shi" completed 300 million yuan A round of financing.

The unmanned retail operator "Feng E Zu Shi" (Fengyi Technology Co., Ltd.) has completed a round of financing of 300 million yuan. This round of financing was led by SoftBank Ventures Asia, followed by CICC Cultural Consumer Industry Equity Investment Fund under CICC Capital and Shenzhen Innovation Investment Group. After this round of financing, SF related party Mingde Holdings and Softbank Asia tied for the largest shareholder. The financing funds will be mainly used for accelerating scale growth, improving operational efficiency and service quality.

The industrial software enterprise "Huatian Software" completed hundreds of millions of yuan in Series C financing.

The industrial software company "Huatian Software" recently announced the completion of the C round of financing of nearly 400 million yuan. This round of financing was led by Junlian Capital, followed by many investment institutions such as Fengnian Capital, Huakong Fund, Lingang Venture Capital, Hetian Fund, Huayi Venture Capital, Qingsong Capital and Electric Capital. This round of financing is mainly used for continuous investment in research and development of high-end 3D CAD products and investment in global marketing layout.

◎ Author/Shandong Zhongyang Real Estate Development Group Co., Ltd. Wang Xihao; Copyright belongs to the author.

Expertise: apartment design and optimization, cost control optimization, film.

01order

At present, the real estate industry has entered the era of small profits. Real estate regulation and control policies such as "three red lines" and "centralized land reform" have deleveraged real estate and removed its financial attributes, resulting in increased costs, difficult financing, low fault tolerance rate and reduced profit rate to less than 6%.

By benchmarking Country Garden, Vanke and other head real estate companies, this paper makes a detailed and systematic data calculation, analysis and comparison and careful study from four aspects: cost control ideas, cost measurement indicators, specific measures and control conclusions. The specific research and application analysis are as follows:

02The purpose and thinking of cost control

First, the purpose and necessity of cost control:

Through the measures of increasing efficiency, reducing cost and marketing and packaging, the differentiated competition of products can be realized, so as to generate premium benefits, enhance the value and quality of products, further improve the core competitiveness of enterprises, and shape the recognition and brand image of enterprises.

Real estate benefit settlement is dynamic, lagging and long-term. Is a project profitable and how much is it? Only after the development and sales are completed will you know. Therefore, according to the existing project situation, learn the experience of cost control of other real estate to prevent the cost from being wasted or exceeding the standard.

Second, the idea of cost control:

Increase efficiency, reduce cost and enhance product value;

(1) Optimize and reduce structural and functional costs.

(2) Reduce invalid costs.

(3) Increase reasonable and effective costs in sensitive areas that customers pay attention to.

Third, the impact of cost control at each time stage on the overall cost:

1. The stage of land acquisition, planning and design planning affects 70% of the total cost, which belongs to prior control.

2. During the recruitment and construction stage, it affects 25% of the total cost, which belongs to the matter control.

3. The carry-over and settlement stage of completion data affects 5% of the total cost, which belongs to post-event control.

03Cost measurement index

A, the development of total cost index and proportion:

1. Land cost: According to the current 4 million/mu, the plot ratio is 2.0, and the floor cost is about 3090 yuan/m2 (4 million *1.03 (deed tax) /666.67/2), accounting for 40% of the total cost.

For every 1 million mu of land, the cost will increase by about 770 yuan/㎡.

2. Jian ‘an cost: 2,000 yuan/㎡ for high-rise buildings, accounting for 26% of the total cost.

3. Supporting fee: 400 yuan/㎡, accounting for 5% of the total cost.

4. Administrative expenses: 500 yuan/㎡, accounting for 6% of the total cost.

5. Land use tax: 9 yuan/m2 * 50 years /2.0=220 yuan/m2, accounting for 3% of the total cost.

6. Tax: the sales price (8,000 yuan temporarily) *11%=880 yuan/㎡, accounting for 12% of the total cost.

7. Marketing expenses: the sales price (temporarily 8,000 yuan) *2.5%=200 yuan/㎡, accounting for 3% of the total cost.

8. Financial expenses: (2-5, 6, 8) *10%=320 yuan/㎡, accounting for 4% of the total cost.

9. Unforeseen expenses: 100 yuan/㎡, accounting for 1% of the total cost.

10、The above total cost: about 7600 yuan/㎡. Among them, the cost of land and construction and installation accounts for 66%. If the land price is 3 million/mu, the total cost of development is 6,800 yuan/m2.

Second, the construction cost (1-5 controllable) cost index and proportion:

1. Reinforcement: The cost per square meter is about 300 yuan/㎡, accounting for 15% of the construction and installation cost.

2. Commercial concrete: the cost per square meter is about 280 yuan/㎡, accounting for 14% of the construction and installation cost.

3. Exterior wall decoration and thermal insulation: the cost per square meter is about 150 yuan/㎡, accounting for 8% of the construction and installation cost.

4. External window: The cost per square meter is about 100 yuan/㎡, accounting for 5% of the construction and installation cost.

5. Elevator: The cost per square meter is about 45 yuan/㎡, accounting for 2% of the construction and installation cost.

6. Measures cost (including scaffolding, tower crane, formwork, vertical transportation, etc.): The cost per square meter is about 300 yuan/㎡, accounting for 15% of the construction and installation cost.

7. Others: earthwork, fire protection, electricity, water supply and drainage, heating and ventilation, etc.

Third, the height and other cost indicators, the impact on the calculation of Jian ‘an cost

1, the height of the impact on the cost:

(1) For a 17F residential building, for every 0.1m increase in the storey height, the corresponding installation and installation cost will increase by about 2-3% (the steel content will increase by about 1kg/㎡; The concrete content is increased by about 0.01m3/㎡ m2, etc.).

(2) For every 0.1m increase in story height, the construction and installation cost will increase by about 30~50 yuan/㎡ (the higher the material price, the greater the impact).

2. Influence of steel content on cost：

(1), steel cost index:

(1) the average high-rise residential 17F steel content is about 40-58kg/㎡; The steel content of underground garage is about 120-160kg/㎡.

(2) if the purchase price of steel bars is 5000 yuan/ton, it will be about 6000 yuan/ton after charging.

③ The cost index of steel content per square meter of residence is 240-330 yuan/square meter (accounting for 12-17% of Jian ‘an cost).

④ The cost index of the steel content per square meter of the garage is 720-960 yuan/square meter (accounting for 28-37% of the garage construction and installation cost).

(2) Influence of steel content on Jian ‘an cost:

① When the steel content increases by 1kg per square meter, the construction and installation cost will increase by about 6 yuan/㎡ (the higher the steel bar price, the greater the cost will be).

(2) The purchase price of steel bars increases by 1000 yuan/ton, and the construction and installation cost increases by 50 yuan/㎡.

3, including commercial concrete:

(1), including commercial concrete quantity cost index:

(1) the general high-rise residential 17F concrete content is about 0.4-0.5 cubic meters/㎡, and the underground garage concrete content is about 1.5-2.0 cubic meters/㎡.

(2) If the supply price of commercial concrete is 500 yuan/Fang, it will be about 600 yuan/Fang after the fixed fee.

③ Cost index of concrete content per square meter of residence: 240-300 yuan/square meter (accounting for 12-15% of construction and installation cost).

④ The cost index of concrete content per square meter of the garage is: 900-1,200 yuan/square meter (accounting for 35-46% of the garage construction and installation cost).

(2) Influence of commercial concrete content on Jian ‘an cost:

(1) the content of commercial concrete increases by 0.01 cubic meters per square meter, and the construction and installation cost increases by about 6 yuan/㎡ (the higher the material price, the greater the impact on the increased cost). (2) The purchase price of commercial concrete increases by 100 yuan/㎡, and the construction and installation cost increases by 50 yuan/㎡.

4, window to ground ratio:

(1) For general 17F high-rise residential buildings, the window-to-floor ratio is about 0.16-0.31. Based on the calculation of 600 yuan/㎡ of aluminum alloy window with three glasses and two cavities, the floor cost index of external window is about 96-180 yuan/㎡ (accounting for 5-9% of Jian ‘an cost).

(2) For every 0.01 increase in the window-to-ground ratio, the construction and installation cost will increase by about 6 yuan/㎡.

5. Garage and soil covering

(1) For every 0.1m height increase in the underground garage, the reinforcement will be increased by 3-5kg/㎡ and the concrete will be increased by 0.02-0.03m3/㎡； ㎡; Jian ‘an costs about 30-50 yuan/m2.

(2) For every 0.1m increase in the covering soil on the garage roof, the steel content will increase by 1.5-2kg/㎡, and the concrete will increase by 0.015m/㎡ accordingly; Jian ‘an cost increases by about 18-20 yuan/㎡.

6, saleable ratio ()

(1) saleable area: including residential buildings (including bottom businesses) and other saleable areas.

(2) Non-saleable area: parking space, property room, basement, mezzanine, overhead floor, garbage room, police room, kindergarten, equipment room and other supporting areas and gift areas.

(3) Calculated value of head housing enterprises: For every 1% increase in the saleable ratio, the construction cost of Jian ‘an will be saved by about 50 yuan/㎡.

04

Specific measures of cost control

First, reduce invalid costs

1, the concept of invalid cost

Invalid cost is an unstructured and unnecessary cost that does not play an effective role in enhancing product value and promoting marketing, and cannot gain customer recognition and attention. Ineffective cost accounts for about 1-2% of Jian ‘an cost, and the cost per square meter affects 20-30 yuan/㎡.

2. Case measures to reduce invalid costs:

(1) Decorative treatment of air conditioning grille.

The enclosed area inside the air-conditioning grille is the customer’s non-sensitive area, and it is enclosed by the air-conditioning grille, and residents rarely enter it. The practice of real stone paint can be changed to ordinary paint (the current practice of Country Garden).

Taking the project under review as an example, the interior decoration of air-conditioning grille can save the cost: 800 square meters *40 yuan/m2 (price difference) = 32,000 yuan/building.

(2) The garage ceiling is not treated or painted.

The ceiling of the underground garage is a customer’s non-sensitive area, which can’t display well. Moreover, it is blocked by fire fighting, smoke exhaust pipes, bridges and other facilities. Secondly, latex paint or paint is easy to peel off when it is wet for a long time. If the cost of using mildew-proof coating is higher, the surface putty and coating are cancelled, or spray painting treatment is adopted, which will not affect its structural use function.

Take the current project under review as an example, the top of the garage is sprayed with latex paint of 15-18 yuan/㎡, and the area of the garage (including the beam side) is about 25,000 square meters. If it is not treated, the cost will be saved by about 375,000-450,000 yuan; If spray painting treatment is adopted, the cost will be saved by about 120,000-200,000 yuan/phase I garage.

Second, optimize and reduce structural and functional costs

With the soaring land price, the cost of land and construction and installation accounts for more than 66% of the total cost. The product positioning and design scheme in the early stage largely determines the direct profit and loss of the project. Optimize the product line, so that the positioning of the designed products can match the needs of customers. The highest goal is that customers take the initiative to buy products, rather than taking products to find customers.

1. Optimization and cost reduction measures in the planning and design stage (affecting the overall cost by more than 70%):

The main principles are: optimization, benchmarking, quota, adaptation and refinement.

(1) In the planning stage, the most profitable planning layout and product line (the products of high-rise buildings and villas have the highest profitability) are issued through the benefit comparison of various schemes.

(2) Optimize the building shape coefficient: The more complex the building shape, the more concavities and convexities, the larger the external area of the facade, the more complex the structure, and the higher the corresponding cost. Huxing design should be symmetrical and reduce too many concave and convex levels.

(3) Optimizing structural selection and shear wall layout: The structural layout with more short-leg shear walls has a higher impact on the cost.

(4) For the cost index limits such as steel content and commercial concrete content: design internal horizontal comparison, and externally benchmark the head real estate data such as Vanke and Country Garden (the steel content cost index of the same type of drawings in the market can be different to 5-10kg/m2).

(5) Optimize and reduce the window-to-wall ratio: reduce the window area in the north direction and increase the height of the window sill in the south direction (meet the vertical fire-proof spacing and avoid using fire-proof windows). Reducing the window-to-floor ratio is beneficial to energy saving and cost reduction. Door and window frame optimization (reducing the number of window frames).

(6) Reasonably control the type and proportion of the donated area (because the donated area is not saleable, but it is included in the construction and installation cost at the time of settlement), and try to avoid:

1, the proportion of the plane is too high.

2. Large-area nonfunctional overhead floor or negative equipment floor design.

3, a large area of internal transformation, especially a large area of empty patch.

4. Design the stolen area by transforming the facade.

5. Try to use equipment platforms, balconies, bay windows, etc. to give away the area, and control the proportion.

(7) Improve parking efficiency of underground garage: strictly control the pool area of underground parking spaces, and save 30 yuan/㎡ for every unit of parking efficiency.

(8) Increase the saleable ratio:

First, increase the saleable area on the ground and reduce the area of supporting houses and low-profit projects.

The second is to reduce the area of underground storage room and garage. For every 1% increase in the saleable ratio, the cost will be reduced by about 30 yuan/㎡.

(9) Elevation optimization:

(1) Reduce the complex shape of the facade: the building facade should not have too many levels and lines, which is difficult to construct and expensive. Secondly, there are too many lines (especially at the window sill). If too many polystyrene boards are used, it will become a hidden danger of water leakage in the outer window if it expands when heated and contracts when cooled for a long time.

(2) The shape of the roof should be simple: if the sloping roof is adopted, the slope of the sloping roof should be reduced, and the flower pattern and complex lines of the roof should be reduced. The cost sharing of roof modeling of multi-storey residential buildings is large.

(3) lines with a thickness of more than 150 should be poured with concrete, because the heavy rain invades and expands with heat and contracts with cold, which has the potential of falling off.

(9) Control the materials and use parts of the facade: strictly control the use of materials with high cost,

Non-sensitive and minor parts of the owner, such as the second floor above the facade, decorative lines, roof flower racks, equipment floors, etc., shall be made of lower specifications.

(10) garage optimization:

① Control the thickness of the garage cover soil, reduce the thickness of the whole cover soil layer and reduce the cost through local piling slope, and use piling slope to plant larger trees, which has a sense of hierarchy in landscape vision.

② Garage pipeline balance: increase the clear height of the garage lane to prevent cross-operation fighting and pipeline waste.

(3) Set up control centers such as water pump room and fire fighting reasonably, and reduce the length of equipment pipes, wires and cables in the most reasonable and economical position.

4 When the garage fire hydrant is arranged, it should not be arranged at the driver’s door, but should be arranged on the back of the car or on the inside of the post adjacent to the driveway.

(11) Building lobby decoration:

According to different grades of projects, the ceiling on the wall and ground in public areas such as lobby adopts different standard decoration materials to distinguish high and middle grades. Make the just-needed real estate appropriately reduce the cost.

2, material procurement stage optimization, cost reduction measures:

(1) Centralized procurement, with quantity for price.

(2) In exchange for lower material prices through strategic cooperation, based on the future estimated quantity and construction demand.

(3) Guide and cultivate long-term, stable and honest suppliers of materials.

(4) Elevator accounts for about 2% of the construction and installation cost. Customers are more concerned about the safety and quality of elevators. Reducing redundant functions and unnecessary configuration are the main measures to reduce elevator prices.

3. Optimization and cost reduction measures in the construction stage:

(1) Control the quantity and standardization of visas, reduce site changes, and construct in strict accordance with design drawings.

(2) Changes or visas required by the construction unit shall be approved for implementation after repeated confirmation and comparison.

(3) Building construction practices and techniques should be adapted and matched with the current development level of construction technology and the routine practices of engineering construction.

(4) Reduce the construction period reasonably. After the completion and warranty period are up to standard, all costs and expenses will be settled in batches according to the time nodes, and the turnover cycle of funds will be ensured by time span.

4. Optimization and cost reduction measures of garden facilities:

(1) Reduce the proportion of water features. Because of the high cost and maintenance of waterscape, it is easy to become a hidden part of water leakage, and it is not well maintained in the later stage, and deciduous dirt and mosquitoes become a sub-item.

(2) Reduce the number of nonfunctional and expensive landscape sketches such as sculptures.

(3) The proportion of hard scenes shall not exceed 30%. In the landscape cost, the hard landscape area is small, but the cost is high. According to the project quality, control the proportion of hard scene paving and increase the proportion of soft scene. Use real stone paint, tiles or other iterations to replace marble.

(4) The wall of the community is hollowed out, which makes the landscape inside and outside the community coherent and transparent, and reduces the cost.

5. Financial optimization and cost reduction measures:

(1) Accelerate the sales rhythm, quickly turn the funds, reduce the pressure of funds and increase the gross profit.

(2) Tax financial planning, and broaden financing channels.

6. Measures for optimization and cost reduction in the settlement stage:

(1) Combining with the construction technology and practice of the project site, reasonably apply relevant quotas.

(2) Strictly review and check the project visas and contracts, and review and reduce those that are inconsistent with the site or conflict with the quota.

(3) Fine calculation, combined with the construction site, to ensure the authenticity, accuracy and practicality of the calculation.

7. Optimization measures in the marketing stage:

(1) Differentiated pricing of underground parking spaces to improve overall efficiency.

According to the actual scene of the garage, respectively, for the parking spaces with advantages and disadvantages, the price of the dominant parking spaces should be increased, and the price of a few unfavorable parking spaces should be reasonably reduced, which fully reflects the difference of parking spaces’ values, promotes the balanced sales of parking spaces, and is conducive to the elimination of parking spaces and the overall premium.

1. Conditions for price increase of parking spaces:

A. Parking spaces near the elevator or the entrance of the unit.

B, independent parking spaces

C, the distance around the parking space is relatively large.

2. For a few parking spaces in unfavorable positions, appropriately reduce the selling price.

A, mini-car parking spaces, corners or locations where equipment and facilities are extremely obstructed.

B, lane end inconvenient parking spaces.

(2) Add some middle and high-end parking spaces, which will improve the overall benefit of premium.

According to the project grade, on the basis of standard parking spaces (2.4*5.3), a reasonable proportion of medium and large parking spaces (2.6-2.7 in width and 5.3-5.5 in length) will be added.

(3) By giving away a reasonable area or space, we can enhance the higher sales added value, bring more premium, and get rid of chemicals faster, so as to enhance the overall benefit.

1. Optimization of negative first floor space:

The whole negative floor or the south area is presented to the first floor (some lighting windows are added to the negative floor).

Reasons: First, it can bring the first-tier premium and raise the first-tier price; Second: when the underground garage is 3.6 meters, two-story basements must be built below the main building (high-rise), which will design a large number of underground storage rooms, which is not conducive to decontamination. Turn the storage room on the negative floor into a gift space on the negative floor, break it into whole parts and quickly remove it. Third, the storage area of the remaining negative second floor can be designed to be smaller and the total price is lower.

Benefit calculation of two schemes:

A. If the standard floor costs 8000 yuan and the first floor (without yard) costs 7800 yuan, the whole negative floor or the space on the south side will be given as an additional gift to the first floor, and the price of the first floor will be 10800 yuan, and the benefit difference will be 3000 yuan/㎡. The relative selling price of storage room is 2000 yuan/m2, which brings more benefits.

B, if the standard floor costs 8,000 yuan and the first floor (with courtyard) costs 9,800 yuan, the whole negative floor or the space on the south side will be given as an additional gift to the first floor, and the price of the first floor will be 11,800 yuan, and the benefit difference will be 0 yuan/㎡. Basically, it is almost the same as selling the storage room at a price of 2000 yuan/m 2. Double added value can’t bring more profit growth, but it will solve the problem of slow storage room.

2. Optimization of negative two-story space:

The south area of the negative second floor (which has a large space facing the living room and bedroom) is used as a parking garage to increase the price. The premium capacity of the parking garage is much higher than that of the parking space, and it is fast and limited, so customers have priority to buy it.

Third, increase reasonable and effective costs in sensitive areas that customers are concerned about.

In the sensitive parts or areas that customers pay attention to, increase reasonable effective costs, improve quality, and let customers get the best value for money, thus generating a premium and increasing benefits. In the period of high housing prices and high costs, it is not suitable for price wars. By improving quality, selling price and profit, the brand effect can be expanded, and brand promotion and secondary premium can be given by word-of-mouth effect.

1. Sensitive areas of customer concern:

(1) According to the streamline of returning home: waiting hall, lobby, garage lobby and garage entrance.

(2) According to the architectural visual concerns: community gate, unit door bucket, first floor and facade.

(3) According to the landscape visual concerns: main entrance, core landscape axis and nodes, unit entrance, group landscape nodes, and residential fence.

2, in the home streamline, increase the reasonable and effective cost:

(1) The waiting hall, the lobby on the first floor and the garage are connected to the indoor lobby, and sensitive parts are paid attention to at the first level for customers. According to the grade of the project, simple and refined decoration is adopted to improve the quality of entering the home and create a sense of belonging at home.

(2) The fire hydrant and other equipment and facilities in the waiting hall are constructed with concealed fittings to avoid inconvenient access for customers.

(3) The lines at the entrance of the garage and the gate of the community are more thick, and the ceiling should not be made of glass. The slope at the entrance should be raised appropriately, and the entrance should be illuminated by lights.

3, building facade, increase the reasonable and effective cost:

(1) Lines and shapes are added to the 1-2 floor base and unit door bucket area of the building, which enriches the details and makes it more heavy.

(2) The color matching of the facade adopts color matching to replace the division of lines or shapes (high cost). Multi-storey horizontal different color surfaces make the building more thick; High-rise buildings adopt different vertical colors, which makes the building stand tall and straight.

4, landscape, increase the effective cost.

Excellent core landscape brings high-quality on-site experience to customers and directly raises the house price.

(1) First-class landscape areas such as main entrance, core landscape axis and nodes, unit entrance, and group landscape nodes should be built with emphasis.

(2) The children’s playground is set in an open space, and the surrounding vision is wide.

(3) A fitness track is added in the secondary landscape zone (semi-private) of the community, and cultural tips are added around the track to distinguish areas, which increases the identification and interest of the space and improves the humanistic quality of the project.

(4) The right corner of the road shall be rounded to prevent trampling.

4. In terms of intelligence, increase the effective cost.

A fully intelligent identification system for the owner is composed of face recognition of the gate, face recognition of the unit door, fingerprint lock of the entrance password, license plate number recognition system of the basement and automatic induction gate, which is convenient for the owner to enter and exit without keys and Bluetooth cards.

5, garage and other supporting aspects, increase the effective cost

(1) The garage driveway is the customer’s concern area, and it is made of toughened or grinded stone floor, while others are made of solidified wear-resistant floor (epoxy floor is not recommended, because the garage is wet and not wear-resistant, and after 1-3 years, there will be problems of sanding and falling off in different degrees, which will reduce the quality).

(2) Lane lighting design, lane lights and lane guide arrows are aligned up and down, which broadens the vision of two-way lanes, makes driving light feel more comfortable and ensures driving safety.

(3) The large-scale garage is divided into zones and colors, which is easy to identify and provides a simple sense of orientation.

(4) The garage is equipped with a zebra crossing on the sidewalk to distinguish the traffic flow and pedestrian line in the underground garage, which not only guides the owner to cross the driveway safely, but also plays a role in warning the vehicles driving in the basement to speed limit.

(4) Establish a model first and a quantity exhibition area, and stimulate customers’ purchasing desire and transaction rate through case experience.

(5) Set some smart WIFI, hidden trash cans, and some direct drinking water in the outdoor public activity area, so that customers can experience differentiated services and excellent living experience with less cost and attention to details, and improve quality.

Item 4: The conclusion of cost control:

All departments and stages refine the cost control, so as to prevent in advance, control in the process and analyze afterwards, forming a closed-loop and virtuous circle of the whole process.

First, improve the cost consciousness of all staff, establish the overall situation consciousness, and fully realize the close relationship between cost and income: reducing cost means increasing efficiency.

Second, all relevant departments should cooperate with each other, strengthen cooperation, establish a whole-process and full-staff cost control system, and dig deep into cost optimization and reduction measures:

1. Plan, design, optimize and innovate iterative products.

2, construction management to ensure quality.

3. Centralized strategic procurement of materials.

4. Marketing packaging: explore the core value and increase the premium rate.

5, financial control system control.

7. The Legal Department should guard against risks.

8, the completion of the settlement strictly according to the facts.

6. The feedback data of property customer service complaints are used as experience books to form a closed loop.

The real estate competition has entered the stage of high-quality and high-value differentiated competition. At present, real estate developers should seize the challenges and opportunities, enhance the concept of value promotion and cost control, take effective management and control measures, and do fine cost management with the craftsman mentality of "wringing the last drop of water on the towel" to enhance product value and create value for customers, so as to enhance the value of products and the core competitiveness of enterprises, so as to achieve sustainable and healthy development.

Source: Pang Dong has something to say. This article has been authorized by the author. Thank you for this.

On December 8th, the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism held a press conference to introduce the situation of further optimizing the implementation of epidemic prevention and control measures and answer media questions.

Graded and classified treatment

How do medical institutions do a good job in graded and classified treatment of key populations?

Guo Yanhong, director of the Medical Emergency Department of the National Health and Wellness Commission, said that in order to make overall plans for the layout and utilization of medical resources, the key point is to do a good job in the medical treatment and management of those who are seriously ill and have serious risk factors in COVID-19, and we have classified and treated those infected with COVID-19 virus.

First, for mild and asymptomatic infected people, those who have no basic diseases or whose basic diseases are in a stable period, they can take care of themselves at home.

Second, this part of patients with severe illness or serious risk should be admitted to designated hospitals. In order to ensure the treatment of this part of patients with severe illness or serious risk, we require that hospitals with strong comprehensive ability and high treatment level should be selected as designated treatment hospitals, and at the same time, they should be equipped with strong medical staff.

Thirdly, there are still some patients who have basic diseases or are mainly suffering from other diseases and go to general hospitals or specialized hospitals for treatment. In the process of treatment, they may be COVID-19-positive after testing. For these people, we have asked general hospitals and specialized hospitals to set up buffer zones, whether in outpatient, emergency or inpatient areas, so as to ensure that these patients can be treated and meet the needs of people’s medical services. Read the original > > >

What kind of symptoms do you need to see a doctor in a medical institution?

Wang Guiqiang, director of infectious diseases department of Peking University First Hospital, said that if the following five situations occur, it is recommended to contact community doctors. If the illness is serious, you can contact 120 to go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment.

The first situation is dyspnea or shortness of breath.

The second situation is that after drug treatment, you still have a fever. If it exceeds 38.5 degrees Celsius for more than 3 days, you should go to the hospital.

The third situation is that the original underlying diseases are obviously aggravated. For example, when the medication for hypertension is uncontrollable, the medication for diabetes is uncontrollable or there are other critical risks, you must go to the hospital for treatment in time.

The fourth situation is that children have some drowsiness, refusal to eat, diarrhea, vomiting, etc., which will not be relieved after treatment, and they will have to go to the hospital for treatment for more than two days.

The fifth is that pregnant women have headaches, dizziness, palpitation, shortness of breath or abnormal fetal movement, etc., and they should also go to the hospital for further diagnosis and treatment. Read the original > > >

nucleic acid testing

From what aspects has the scope and frequency of nucleic acid detection been reduced?

He Qinghua, a first-class inspector, said that further optimization measures require further optimization of nucleic acid detection, emphasizing that nucleic acid detection should focus on areas and personnel with high risk of infection, mainly reducing the scope and frequency of nucleic acid detection from the following aspects:

First, not to carry out all-staff nucleic acid testing according to administrative regions.

Second, except for special places such as nursing homes, welfare homes, medical institutions, child care institutions, primary and secondary schools, negative proof of nucleic acid testing is not required.

Third, cross-regional migrants will no longer be examined for negative nucleic acid test certificates or health codes, and landing inspections will no longer be carried out.

Fourth, according to the needs of epidemic prevention work, antigen testing can be carried out.

In addition, it is also required to carry out nucleic acid testing for employees in high-risk positions in accordance with the relevant provisions of Article 20 optimization measures, and the scope of nucleic acid testing shall not be expanded.

Employees in high-risk positions mainly include:

Read the original > > >

What are the special places that need to provide negative nucleic acid certificates and health codes?

He Qinghua, the first-class inspector of the Department of Transmission and Prevention of the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention, said that although the pathogenicity of the mutant strains in Omicron is obviously weakened, the risk of serious illness is higher for the elderly and key people with basic diseases, especially those who live in nursing homes and welfare homes, as well as places where special people are concentrated, such places are prone to cluster epidemics once the source of infection is introduced, so it is necessary to provide negative proof of nucleic acid testing for foreigners entering these special places. People who enter other general places, including those who take public transport and cross-regional migrants, do not need to provide negative proof of nucleic acid test, nor do they need to carry out landing inspection, but they should do personal protection, wear masks regularly, and reduce gathering and interpersonal contact. The new 10 measures also suggest that large enterprises and some specific places can determine some prevention and control measures by themselves, and all localities can take targeted measures according to the local epidemic situation. At the same time, it is mentioned in the 20 measures that "one enterprise, one policy" and "one park, one policy" can be adopted for the prevention and control of some key enterprises, and the new 10 measures are a further continuation and update of the 20 measures.

How often do employees in high-risk positions need to carry out nucleic acid testing?

Wang Liping, a researcher at the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of China, said that according to the ninth edition of the prevention and control plan and 20 optimization measures, the employees in high-risk positions are mainly divided into two categories:

The first category is extremely risky, which refers to the entry personnel, goods, people in direct contact with the environment, staff in centralized isolation places, medical staff in designated medical institutions and fever clinics in general medical institutions,They are required to conduct closed-loop management during the operation and conduct nucleic acid testing every day;

The second category refers to some employees who are closely related to residents’ lives, such as Shangchao, Express Delivery, Takeaway, etc., who have intensive working environment, frequent contacts and strong mobility. For such people, we should also do a good job in monitoring and nucleic acid testing.Nucleic acid testing is required twice a week.

home quarantine

What factors should people consider when choosing home isolation and centralized isolation?

Wang Guiqiang, director of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the First Hospital of Peking University, said that close contacts need some basic conditions to choose home isolation: it is best to have a separate room and good ventilation; If you share the bathroom, you should do a good disinfection treatment; If the family stays at home independently, they should be able to take care of themselves in life; People at home must stay indoors and refuse all kinds of visits. In this case, we still suggest that close contact with people can be isolated at home.

We emphasize that when we are isolated at home, if there are elderly people, infants and so on who need to be taken care of at home, then we should pay attention to personal protection to avoid potential transmission risks, and we should wear masks and do a good job of hand hygiene. At the same time, antigen testing should be carried out every day, and once it is positive, it should be reported in time. At the same time, do self-monitoring after being positive. When it is negative, you should also do a good job of daily self-symptom monitoring, including whether you have fever, cough and shortness of breath. If these manifestations appear, you should also report them to the community in time.

The elderly, pregnant women, infants and people suffering from basic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases must report to the community in time for special needs, including medication and treatment, when observing at home. In case of emergency, they should also seek medical treatment in time.

How to do personal protection for isolated people at home?

Wang Guiqiang, director of the Infectious Diseases Department of the First Hospital of Peking University, said that it is necessary to do a good job of personal protection for isolated people at home, and keep as little contact with family members as possible, and keep a certain distance if they contact. Include the following points that we emphasize:

First, the living room should be ventilated every day, and good ventilation is very important to reduce the spread of respiratory infectious diseases.

Second, the bathroom, bathroom, if it is best to use it alone, it should be disinfected every day. If it is shared, it must be staggered, and it should be disinfected well after use to avoid family transmission.

Third, do a good job in hand hygiene and environmental disinfection, including paying attention to hand hygiene during cooking and dining.

Fourth, when coughing or sneezing, be sure to cover it with a paper towel and throw it into the trash can to avoid the potential risk of aerosol transmission caused by splashing.

Fifth, used paper towels, masks, disposable gloves and other household garbage are put into plastic bags and placed in special trash cans.

Another thing we should pay attention to is that personal items should not be mixed and separated from family members as much as possible, because the items themselves may also pose the risk of virus transmission.

If the medical staff are infected with Covid-19, will they be treated at home or continue to work?

Guo Yanhong, director of the Medical Emergency Department of the National Health and Wellness Commission, said that medical staff is a very special group. Due to their special positions, they will receive a large number of patients every day, so they face the highest risk of infection and the work is very heavy. It can be said that occupational exposure is inevitable.Once medical personnel are infected with Covid-19, they should also follow the relevant requirements of the "New Ten Articles".However, in order to minimize the occupational exposure risk of medical staff, we put forward a series of requirements for the management of medical institutions. Read the original > > >

Sealing and control measures

Units and buildings with "mixed pipe positive" detected no longer need to be sealed?

Wang Liping, a researcher at the Transmission and Prevention Department of China CDC, said that when the mixed tube is found to be positive, the relevant departments will inform the mixed inspection personnel as soon as possible, so that they can implement the local isolation measures, and at the same time, they will arrange personnel to take samples at home for review as soon as possible.Therefore, people in the same building and unit as those who are positive for mixed inspection do not need to be temporarily blocked.

When the recheck results are all negative, the mixed inspection personnel will immediately remove the isolation measures. However, if the door-to-door recheck results are positive, the control measures should be implemented in time, and the close contact should be controlled in time according to the results of field investigation and risk judgment, the risk area should be delineated, and the relevant epidemic situation should be handled well. Read the original > > >

Can only one positive infected person be detected without delineating high-risk areas?

Wang Liping, a researcher at the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of China,For the case that only one case is detectedIf the risk of communication in his work place, residence and activity place is relatively low, and after the secret connection is controlled in time, there is no risk of community communication after judgment, at this time, it is not necessary to delimit high-risk areas.

For a large number of households, a unit or a building may have hundreds of households.According to the current situation and risk judgment, according to the new ten articles, only the floors or households with high exposure risk can be judged to minimize the inconvenience caused by the epidemic to people’s lives.

After the high-risk area is demarcated, if no new infections are detected for five consecutive days, the seal can be released in time to avoid long-term seal control.. The new article 10 also mentioned that people with asymptomatic infection, mild illness or even close contact can choose home isolation. Therefore, it is very likely that there are some people in the community who are sealed off. For the newly infected people who are detected in the high-risk area after the risk area has been sealed off, if they live with the positive people who are strictly quarantined at home or are close to each other, there is no risk of community transmission outside the home after the judgment. In this case, even if they are positive, it will not affect the time to unseal the whole high-risk area, and they will still be unsealed without new ones for five consecutive days. Read the original > > >

Vaccination for the elderly

Why do the elderly need vaccination?

Xia Gang, Director of the Department of Health and Immunization, said that the current epidemic situation is still severe and complicated, and vaccination still has good effects in preventing severe illness and death. Vulnerable people such as the elderly can easily develop into severe illness, critical illness and even death after being infected with Covid-19, and vaccination with COVID-19 vaccine will benefit the most. There are quite a few disabled and semi-disabled elderly people in China who live at home for a long time and rarely go out. However, they may still be infected during the company or visit of relatives, which may lead to illness or even serious illness and death. Therefore, it is still necessary to vaccinate.

According to Xia Gang, according to research, compared with young people, the risk of serious illness after COVID-19 infection is 5 times, 7 times and 9 times respectively, and the risk of death is 90 times, 220 times and 570 times respectively. If the elderly over 80 years old are not vaccinated with one dose, their risk of death is about 14.7%; If one dose of vaccine is inoculated, the risk of death will be reduced to 7.16%; If three doses of vaccine are inoculated, the risk of death will be reduced to 1.5%. Compared with no vaccination, the risk of death decreased by 9.3 times after vaccination with 3 doses. Read the original > > >

What services and conveniences will be provided for the elderly when they are vaccinated?

Xia Gang introduced that in view of the mobility of these elderly people, in order to enable them to vaccinate more conveniently, we have continued some previous good practices, including using mobile vaccination vehicles, opening special vaccination sessions for the elderly and opening green channels for vaccination for the elderly. At the same time, it is also suggested that all localities can send medical personnel with rich experience in diagnosis, treatment and vaccination to form vaccination teams, carry common equipment and medicines needed during observation after vaccination, and provide home vaccination services for disabled and semi-disabled elderly people, so that these elderly people can complete vaccination without leaving home.

Editor Wang Xiaolin proofreads Zhai Yongjun.