In this activity, four teachers, Zhai Huimin, Wang Fang, Zhou Libo and Ran Huixia, shared the educational research and practical achievements of "Yue Xue Classroom" with teachers. Teacher Zhai Huimin shared "Yue Pin Le Xiang-Teaching and Research Practice Based on Primary School English Spelling Teaching", which used wonderful cases to analyze the selection method of primary school English theme scenes and the teaching mode of "independent Yue Pin"; Teacher Wang Fang shared "Reading Pleasure-A Preliminary Study on the Construction of English Reading Curriculum in Primary Schools", which introduced the construction and practice of E-interest English curriculum from the aspects of curriculum construction background, curriculum system design and curriculum framework. Teacher Zhou Libo shared the "Discourse-based Training Practice of" Yue Xue Classroom "in primary school English, which deeply interpreted Yue Xue classroom from the aspects of the development process, teaching concept and teaching paradigm, and pointed out the direction and strategy of Yue Xue topic practice. Finally, Mr. Ran shared "Based on the Curriculum Horizon, Implementing the" Happy Learning Classroom "in Primary School English", which made the teachers here have a deeper understanding of the "happy learning classroom" and pointed out the direction for English teaching in the future.
标签： 武汉狼盟
Henan college entrance examination reform plan： foreign languages will be tested twice in 2021 regardless of arts and sciences.
Henan college entrance examination reform plan was released and started in autumn of 2018.
College entrance examination in 2021: foreign language test twice regardless of arts and sciences.
Exam subjects: 3 optional subjects except language number.
In Henan college entrance examination in 2021, the division of arts and sciences will be abolished, and the total score of the college entrance examination will be 3 national unified examination subjects +3 selected examination subjects for high school level examination. Foreign languages will provide two examination opportunities and the listening test content will be increased … … Under the expectation of everyone, yesterday, the reform plan of Henan entrance examination was finally officially unveiled. In 2018, our province will start to implement a new comprehensive reform plan for college entrance examination, that is to say, senior one students who enter school in the autumn of the following year will become the first batch of "crab eaters" who take part in the new college entrance examination.
The plan revolves around the issues that everyone cares about, such as "what to change and how to change", from general education, vocational education, continuing education to higher education, from examination, admission to management, and the corresponding system design is carried out as a whole, and the reform timetable and road map are planned. Zhengzhou Evening News invited industry experts who participated in the formulation of the "Program" to make a detailed interpretation for the majority of candidates and parents.
Zhengzhou Evening News reporter Zhang Jingyu
Interpreter:
Wang Jidong, Director of Student Affairs Department of Provincial Education Department.
Liu Linya, Director of the Second Division of Basic Education, Provincial Education Department
Du Ximin, Deputy Director of Provincial Admissions Office
Time: fully launched in 2018
Our province will start the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination enrollment system in 2018, which means that the first-year students in our province who are newly enrolled in the fall of 2018 will welcome the "new college entrance examination" in 2021. The "3+3" mode is adopted in the examination, which means that the total score of candidates consists of three subjects of Chinese, mathematics and foreign language (including foreign language listening) in the unified college entrance examination and three subjects of high school level examination selected by candidates themselves. In terms of admission, it is a common practice in developed countries and the direction of this reform to explore the reform of voluntary reporting and investment admission with professional priority.
Analysis:
Why start the comprehensive reform of college entrance examination in 2018?
The reason why it is scheduled to start in 2018 is mainly based on the fact that by 2017, the pilot cycle of a senior high school student can only be completed by the pilot of "one province and one city". For a province with a large source of students like Henan, the task of development is already very heavy, and the reform must be extremely cautious. By then, the reform experience that Henan can learn from will be more mature, which is crucial to ensure the smooth promotion of the reform of the examinee enrollment system in Henan and even the whole country. At the same time, it also provides more ample preparation time for our province.
At present, 25 provinces and cities across the country have announced reform plans.
■ Policy interpretation
What is the new model of "3+3" college entrance examination?
Arts and sciences are no longer divided into subjects, and "3+3" is the new model of college entrance examination in the future. The so-called "3+3" model means that the total score of candidates consists of three subjects of Chinese, mathematics and foreign language (including foreign language listening) in the unified college entrance examination and three subjects of high school academic level examination selected by candidates themselves. Among them, the scores of Chinese, mathematics and foreign languages in the unified college entrance examination remain unchanged. Foreign language subjects provide two test opportunities to increase the content of listening test, and candidates can choose the higher test score to count. According to the requirements of applying for colleges and universities and their own specialties, candidates choose three subjects from six subjects, including ideological and political, history, geography, physics, chemistry and biology, as the examination subjects.
In particular, it is worth mentioning that, in terms of admission, it is a common practice in developed countries to explore the reform of volunteering and filing admission methods with professional priority, which is also the direction of this reform.
How to change the academic proficiency test?
The reform of our province’s academic level examination will be tried out in 2017, and it will be officially implemented from the first grade of ordinary high schools enrolled in the fall of 2018, and the results will be presented in grades. The examination is divided into qualified examination and optional subject examination included in the total score of college enrollment.
The scope of the qualification examination covers the compulsory contents of all subjects in senior high schools stipulated by the state. The selected subjects are selected by candidates from ideological and political, history, geography, physics, chemistry, biology and other subjects according to the requirements of colleges and universities and their own specialties. The examination scope covers the compulsory and elective contents of all selected subjects.
The two major types of examinations are unified in the province, including unified proposition, unified examination, unified organization of marking and unified announcement of results. The results will be used as the main basis for the graduation of ordinary high school students and the recognition of high school equivalent, and the results of all subjects will be provided to enrollment universities.
What’s the use of passing exam results?
Ordinary high school students, students in other schools in high school stage, students with ordinary high school status, and those who apply for the same academic qualifications in ordinary high schools should take the qualification examination. Once a year, the exam will be held at the end of the last semester of each academic year, covering all subjects. Students have two exams for the same subject during their school days, and they can take one exam in the second and third stages of high school (including make-up exams). If students take multiple exams in the same subject, the higher score will prevail. Long-term effective grades are an important reference for independent enrollment in higher vocational colleges in our province.
How to choose the exam subjects?
The selected subjects will be arranged at the end of the next semester of senior three, and will be tested together with the unified college entrance examination in June, and will be conducted after the three subjects (except languages) of the college entrance examination. Once the selected subjects are determined, they shall not be changed.
Each student has an opportunity to take an exam, and students from other schools and social workers in senior high school take the elective subject exam with senior three students in ordinary senior high schools. The qualified test scores of the selected subjects must be qualified, and unqualified subjects shall not be selected as the selected subjects.
The examination results of qualified elective subjects are valid in the current year, and are converted into corresponding scores and included in the total scores of college enrollment, which is one of the basis for college enrollment.
According to the requirements of discipline construction and professional training, colleges and universities should put forward the requirements for students to choose the subjects and the methods for comprehensive quality evaluation, and announce them to the public in advance.
Illustration of Henan Province’s High-tech Policy Reform ①
(1) What does the unified college entrance examination take?
The subject scores remain unchanged, reducing the current "comprehensive literature" and "comprehensive science" examination subjects. The content of the examination will further enhance the foundation and comprehensiveness, and strengthen the ability of students to think independently and use what they have learned to analyze and solve problems.
Chinese
There are three exam subjects.
foreign language
mathematics
foreign language
Provide two exam opportunities
Increase the content of listening test
The total score of candidates
Unify the scores of Chinese, mathematics and foreign languages (including foreign language listening) in the college entrance examination.
Test scores of three elective subjects in high school academic level. (Selected subjects: Students can choose 3 subjects independently from 6 subjects, including ideological and political, history, geography, physics, chemistry and biology. )
Qualification examination
(2) Academic proficiency test subjects
The scope covers the compulsory content of all subjects in senior high school stipulated by the state, and students should study each course carefully.
Elective subjects
According to the requirements of colleges and universities and their own specialties, candidates independently choose three subjects from ideological and political, history, geography, physics, chemistry, biology and other subjects, and the examination scope covers the compulsory and elective contents of the selected subjects.
(3) Examination time
Qualification examination: arranged once a year, the examination will be held at the end of last semester of each academic year, covering all subjects. Students can take the exam once each in Grade Two and Grade Three (including make-up exams).
Elective subject examination: the time is arranged at the end of the next semester of senior three, and it will be taken together with the unified college entrance examination in June, and will be taken after the three subjects (except languages) of the college entrance examination. Once the selected subjects are determined, they shall not be changed.
(4) Number of examinations
During the period of school, students can take two qualified exams and one elective subject exam in the same subject.
Students in ordinary high schools are required to take the academic proficiency test. Students from other schools and social workers in high school can also sign up. Students, former students and social workers transferred from outside the province must take the elective subject examination organized by our province to participate in the college entrance examination.
(5) Examination results
According to the proportion of the number of people, the scores of the qualified examination are divided into
A B C D E five grades.
The test scores of selected subjects are divided into 5 grades, ranking from high to low.
The proportion of people at all levels of A B C D E is as follows:
Among them, the E grade is unqualified, and the proportion is not more than 5% in principle.
A 15%
B 30%
C 30%
D+E 25%
A 15%
B 30%
C 30%
D+E 25%
Only when the qualification examination reaches Grade D and above can you obtain the qualification of the corresponding elective subjects.
■ Policy interpretation
Admission is based on "two bases and one reference"
In the new college entrance examination reform scheme, the focus of the reform is to implement a comprehensive evaluation scheme of "two bases and one reference" for college entrance examination admission. The so-called "two bases, one reference" refers to the enrollment and admission mechanism based on the unified college entrance examination results, the high school academic level test results, and the comprehensive quality evaluation of students.
In addition, it is one of the key points of this reform to merge and reduce the enrollment batches of colleges and universities, so that students can choose suitable majors and schools from their interests and specialties. From 2017, our province will merge three batches of undergraduate courses with two batches of undergraduate courses, and gradually reduce the number of ordinary undergraduate courses.
Was there a transitional policy before the reform?
From 2016, the scope of parallel volunteer’s application will be expanded from the first batch and the second batch of ordinary college entrance examinations to the third batch of undergraduate courses and ordinary college admission batches (except for arts, sports, military, etc. in advance), so as to reduce the risk of candidates applying for the exam and improve the voluntary satisfaction rate. Starting from 2017, three batches of undergraduate courses and two batches of undergraduate courses will be jointly admitted, and the number of ordinary undergraduate courses will be gradually reduced.
■ Future development
The specific plan will be announced in 2018
According to reports, the Ministry of Education approved 17 provinces (autonomous regions) such as Henan to start the comprehensive reform of the examination enrollment system of ordinary colleges and universities in 2018, and the specific reform plan will be announced to the public in 2018. In addition, it will increase the opportunities for candidates in our province to receive high-quality higher education, gradually increase the number of rural students entering key universities, reduce and strictly standardize the extra points for college entrance examination, improve the enrollment methods for primary and secondary schools, and narrow the enrollment gap between regions, urban and rural areas and schools.
The Implementation Plan of Reducing and Standardizing the Items and Scores of College Entrance Examination in Henan Province was released last year. Next, our province will orderly introduce supporting reform plans such as comprehensive reform of college entrance examination enrollment system, high school level examination, and comprehensive quality evaluation of high school students.
Classified examination will become the main channel for higher vocational college enrollment.
The examination enrollment in higher vocational colleges is relatively separated from that in ordinary colleges, and the evaluation method of "cultural quality+vocational skills" is implemented. Graduates from secondary vocational schools (including technical schools) apply for higher vocational colleges and take part in the test of combining cultural foundation with professional skills. Ordinary high school graduates apply for higher vocational colleges, take part in vocational adaptability tests, and use high school academic level test scores for cultural quality scores, with reference to comprehensive quality evaluation.
Improve the enrollment method of individual examination in higher vocational colleges and gradually expand its enrollment scale. After 2017, classified examination enrollment will become the main channel for higher vocational colleges to enroll students. Students can still take the unified college entrance examination and enter higher vocational colleges.
Compulsory education in district system and nine years of consistent counterpart enrollment.
On the basis of compulsory education, we will try out district system and nine-year consistent counterpart enrollment methods. Optimize the allocation of educational resources, promote the balanced development of compulsory education, narrow the gap between regions, urban and rural areas and schools, and resolve the contradiction of choosing schools for admission.
Deepen the reform of the examination enrollment system in senior high schools, and gradually establish an enrollment system in senior high schools based on the examination results of junior high school level and comprehensive quality evaluation; Implement the enrollment method of reasonably allocating the enrollment places of high-quality schools to junior high schools in the region, and the allocation places shall not be lower than the proportion stipulated by the Ministry of Education; Improve the recruitment system and standardize the recruitment behavior.
Illustration of Henan Province’s High-tech Policy Reform ②
(6) What are the contents of the comprehensive evaluation of senior high school students?
Our province will try out the comprehensive quality evaluation of ordinary high school students from 2017, and the first-year ordinary high school students who entered school in the fall of 2018 will be officially implemented.
Comprehensive quality evaluation
Includes five aspects.
● Ideological and moral character: it mainly examines students’ performance in loving the party and patriotism, ideals and beliefs, honesty and trustworthiness, kindness and friendliness, responsibility and obligation, and law-abiding.
● Academic level: it mainly examines students’ basic knowledge, basic skills and ability to use knowledge to solve problems.
● Physical and mental health: mainly examine students’ lifestyle, physical exercise habits, physical function, sports skills and psychological quality.
● Artistic accomplishment: It mainly examines students’ aesthetic feeling, understanding, appreciation and performance of art..
● Social practice: it mainly examines students’ hands-on operation and experience in social life.
(7) What is the basis for college enrollment?
Two bases
A reference
● Colleges and universities will unify the results of the college entrance examination and the high school level examination according to the candidates.
● Select students according to their comprehensive quality evaluation.
(eight) the admission method has changed, and the reform is divided into three steps.
Low undergraduate and junior college general admission batches are all implemented in parallel volunteer. Our province continues to implement the unified college entrance examination results after the announcement of candidates to fill in their volunteers.
● Three batches and two batches of undergraduate courses will be admitted together, and the number of ordinary undergraduate courses will be gradually reduced.
first step
Starting from 2016, three batches of undergraduate students enrolled in the general college entrance examination and three batches of general admission to specialized colleges will try out the parallel volunteer filing method.
Second step
From 2017 onwards, three batches of undergraduate courses and two batches of undergraduate courses will be admitted together, and the number of ordinary undergraduate courses will be gradually reduced.
Third step
Accelerate the reform of candidates’ voluntary reporting mode and admission method based on their total scores, professional aspirations and learning specialties.
(9) candidates’ right to choose is expanded.
● The choice of examination methods is increased. Candidates can choose to enroll students in the unified college entrance examination according to their actual situation, or they can choose to enroll students in the classified examinations of vocational colleges, or they can also enroll students in the national independent enrollment pilot universities.
● The choice of examination subjects has significantly increased the number of examination subjects included in the total enrollment scores of colleges and universities. Students can choose three subjects from six subjects, including ideological and political, history, geography, physics, chemistry and biology, and there are 20 choice combinations, which can better meet the students’ development of their own academic specialties and interests, and change the current situation of choosing one from two in liberal arts.
(ten) to promote the classification examination of higher vocational colleges.
● Higher vocational colleges (including junior colleges)
Examination enrollment is relatively separated from ordinary colleges and universities, and the evaluation method of "cultural quality+vocational skills" is implemented.
● Graduates from secondary vocational schools (including technical schools) apply for higher vocational colleges.
Take the test of combining cultural foundation with professional skills.
● Ordinary high school graduates apply for higher vocational colleges.
Take the occupational adaptability test, use the high school academic level test scores for the cultural quality scores, and refer to the comprehensive quality evaluation.
■ Everyone talks.
Wang Hongxi, Associate Professor of Heda University:
Get rid of the "one test for life"
This reform can be regarded as the most comprehensive, systematic and comprehensive reform since the resumption of the college entrance examination, which will have a far-reaching impact on China’s basic education teaching practice, talent selection model and talent training in colleges and universities. Its purpose is to get rid of the disadvantages and crux of the development of basic education in our province caused by "only score theory" and "one exam for life", and finally realize educational fairness and promote scientific talent selection.
Dr. Huang Siji, Department of Education, anyang normal University:
"Forcing" Colleges and Universities to Accelerate Specialty Construction
The reform will "force" colleges and universities to explore and establish an enrollment model suitable for their own characteristics, and will also "force" colleges and universities to speed up the "specialty construction", and inspire colleges and universities to unswervingly take the road of connotative development and build strength and innovative development models with "professional development" as the core.
Forced junior high schools and primary schools to implement new ideas. China has implemented the new curriculum reform since 2001. Because the college entrance examination system has not been reformed, some places are still unwilling to reform. This reform will inspire schools in compulsory education to further change their educational concepts and innovate education and teaching management models and enrollment models.
Chen Baoxin, Henan Basic Education Teaching Research Office:
The evaluation is more comprehensive and the operation is simpler.
The new method makes it clear that the content of students’ comprehensive quality evaluation is divided into five aspects: ideological and moral character, academic level, physical and mental health, artistic accomplishment and social practice, and the key points of each aspect are clarified. At the same time, before the change, the comprehensive quality evaluation should be based on the evaluation contents and standards, and students should be divided into different grades through self-evaluation, peer evaluation, class evaluation and other links. It is emphasized that students should record and organize themselves through basic procedures such as realistic recording, sorting and selection, public review, and file formation. Except for a few evaluation contents such as academic proficiency tests, grades are generally not divided. The evaluation content is more comprehensive, the operation is simpler, and the management is more credible.
郑州航院招生就业处处长陶文信：
倒逼院校提升办学质量
以前招生只是按文理科分类，实行“3+3”后，就不同了。高校招生自主权扩大，整个录取由原来的被动变成主动。学生的选择权也随之加大，譬如，在选考时，只需选择高校、专业要求的相应科目即可。在如今文理分科的制度下，学生就只有两种选择，要么政史地，要么理化生。
合并录取批次，可倒逼院校提升办学质量。当前二本和三本分批次录取，二本院校不管教学质量如何，一般都能录到二本线以上的学生，三本院校即使办学质量很好，但也大多都在二本线下录取。明年二、三本批次合并后，教学质量好的三本院校就有可能比二本院校录取情况还好，这样一来，二本院校必须努力提升办学质量，才能保证生源。三本院校与二本院校在同一个起跑线上，在获得更多机会的同时，也需花更大的功夫提升办学质量。
Why is it so ＂pit＂ that the coach is unqualified and the swimming pool is unsanitary？
Ms. Kong’s 8-month-old child in Tianjin developed a small pimple on her stomach after swimming, and was diagnosed with contagious molluscum. She went to the hospital every one or two weeks and was completely cured in more than three months.
With parent-child swimming becoming more and more popular with young parents, swimming like Ms. Kong’s children is infected with various diseases, and even babies are in danger of drowning. A survey by Xinhua Viewpoint reporter found that many parents-child swimming classes, which cost hundreds of thousands of dollars at a time, lack qualified coaches, and the health management of swimming pools is chaotic, and the safety of children is not guaranteed.
Parent-child swimming blooms everywhere, and a class costs hundreds to thousands of dollars.
A reporter from a water education early education hall in Guangzhou saw that there was a pool of about 8 square meters in the middle of the water education hall, and there were two small swimming pools next to it. There were swimming AIDS such as neck rings, pillows and underarm rings in the hall. According to the person in charge of the swimming pool, children aged 0 to 6 can come to swim.
Parent-child swimming pools like this are blooming everywhere in major cities. The reporter visited many parent-child swimming institutions in Chengdu and Guangzhou and learned that the general courses are divided into group classes and private classes. Group class is a class where a coach leads many parents and children together, and the general charge is above 300 yuan per hour; Private classes are one-on-one teaching, and the tuition is relatively more expensive, usually thousands of dollars an hour.
Swimming institutions offer a wide variety of courses. The Australian "WWSS" course shown to reporters by a staff member of a large parent-child swimming pool in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, shows that through learning, the baby can strengthen the ability of primitive reflex, hand-eye coordination and learn body control and breathing control. "The goal is to let the baby really learn to swim and fall in love with swimming. Our youngest here came to class 15 days after birth. " The staff member said.
It is understood that the courses of most parent-child swimming institutions are packaged and sold. The reporter saw in the investment list of "Yourui International Parent-child Swimming" that, taking Beijing as an example, the average unit price per class hour is 350 yuan according to the membership standard, and the average annual class hour per student is 40 class hours. Some parent-child swimming institutions in Guangzhou start selling at least 58 class hours, which means that parents invest at least about 20 thousand yuan at a time, and there are 70 thousand yuan or 80 thousand yuan in expensive class bags.
Changing water in the swimming pool cannot be guaranteed, and auxiliary equipment can be used at will.
Many parent-child swimming pools have advertised slogans such as "Enhance the baby’s physique from the root", "Children who swim for a long time have high immunoglobulin index in their blood", "Parent-child swimming makes babies less sick" and "Swimming is the only independent exercise that can start from the age of 0", and some institutions have also publicized the concept of "implanting foreign parent-child swimming concept".
"Parent-child swimming is just a normal exercise. Children’s swimming can really promote development and growth to a certain extent, but it does not have those exaggerated effects. Babies under 1 year old are very weak and still in the initial development. It is not recommended to start swimming too early. " Zhu Hua, chief pediatrician of Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, said.
Zhou Weihang, a former national swimmer, told reporters that many parents believe in the propaganda of some organizations and hope to achieve some unrealistic results through swimming. In fact, the main purpose of parent-child swimming is not to teach children to swim, but to explore each other and establish deeper parent-child feelings during swimming.
Hygiene is the most concerned issue in parent-child swimming. Some parents reported that although many swimming pools promised to change water every day, they could not guarantee it and were not supervised. In a large parent-child swimming pool in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, the staff said that it was disinfected and replenished with new water every day. When the reporter asked whether to change the water every day, the staff vaguely said that the whole pool is close to 100 square meters, and it will take a long time to change it all, unless there are really children urinating in it, the water will be changed temporarily. "Changing the water will affect the course arrangement, and it is very troublesome to send a notice temporarily."
In order to prevent children from urinating in the water, the swimming pool will require children to wear waterproof diapers. The reporter saw in a parent-child swimming pool in Guangzhou that a warning paper was posted by the pool: "Any child who urinates in the pool will be fined 360 yuan." There are three children about one year old swimming in the big pool, and none of them are wearing waterproof diapers.
There are also many bath towels in swimming pools that also have health hazards. Ms. Kong told the reporter that the child was looking for the cause of the illness after he got sick. The doctor said that the child might have been exposed to unclean bath towels. Infectious molluscum is mainly transmitted through direct contact, and many patients are infected in public bathrooms or swimming pools.
In addition, security risks can not be ignored. Some parent-child swimming pools are quite casual in the use of baby swimming AIDS. A staff member of a swimming pool in Guangzhou told reporters that there is no uniform standard for children to use auxiliary swimming equipment. Generally, they wear neck rings for less than 6 months, pads for more than 6 months, and underarm rings for more than 2 years old.
Zhou Weihang introduced that the neck ring is easy to cause certain damage to the child’s spine. The children’s bones did not harden six months ago, and it is easy to hurt the spine with the neck ring, which poses a safety hazard. In May last year, a July-old boy in Fuzhou drowned in a swimming pool wearing a sitting swimming ring. Fortunately, the child was not life-threatening after being sent to hospital.
"Some informal swimming pools have misunderstandings about parent-child swimming, and the methods are more radical. They want to teach in a few months, and the curriculum is unreasonable, which does not meet the physical development of small babies." The coach of a parent-child swimming pool in Chengdu said.
Emerging industries urgently need to establish health and safety standards.
The reporter learned that at present, the opening of the parent-child swimming pool only needs to register a business license, and there are no standards such as health inspection and personnel requirements, and there is no clear supervision.
Coach is an important guarantee for children’s safety. The reporter learned in the investigation that some parent-child swimming pools claim to learn from foreign countries in their coaching training methods, but many of them have no qualifications at all. "Some parent-child swimming pools have almost zero threshold for recruiting employees. Some are kindergarten aunts who are recruited to be coaches of parent-child swimming. How to ensure the safety of children?" An industry insider in Chengdu said.
Shen Yong, head coach of a parent-child swimming pool in Guangzhou, said that there is no uniform standard for parent-child swimming pools in China at present, and it depends entirely on industry self-discipline. "For coach specifications, each swimming pool generally sets its own standards." Some standardized swimming pools require coaches to obtain lifeguard certificates and swimming social sports instructor certificates, and at the same time, they must be trained as parent-child swimming teachers for infants before they can take up their posts.
Chen Yunde, director of the Complaints and Consultation Department of Sichuan Consumer Protection Committee, said that parent-child swimming is a new industry, and it is urgent to formulate clear standards in sanitation and disinfection, personnel qualifications and safety management to ensure the safety of infants and young children. People in the industry call for speeding up the guidance and establishment of industry self-discipline standards, such as coach training mode and the threshold for recruiting students, so as to make this emerging industry develop healthily and orderly.
Zhu Hua and other experts said that parents should treat parent-child swimming correctly, and focus on parent-child interaction, instead of seeking to let babies learn swimming skills quickly.
(According to Xinhua News Agency, Chengdu, April 4 th)
The ＂answer sheet industry＂ behind the exam
Yang Daxin cartography
Internet has become the main tool for cheating.
With the approach of the entrance examination for postgraduate students in 2009, there are a lot of information on the Internet selling the answers to postgraduate entrance examinations. Enter any two of the keywords "postgraduate entrance examination, answer, postgraduate exam, and pass the exam" in the search engine, and you can easily see a large number of peddled posts.
"It’s less than 40 days before the’ postgraduate exam’. There is no free lunch in the world. It’s very important to choose a good home. It’s not good to expect mixed answers! My price is slightly more expensive than that of my peers, but it is worth the money, and a penny is worth the money! "
"Honesty and professionalism, caring service, and payment after the exam."
"The latest equipment in 2009, anti-shielding, anti-‘electronic dog’, let you feel at ease."
Among all the information, the author noticed three organizations selling answers —— "exam-aid alliance", "answer carrier" and "Zhongzheng Education and Training". The author wrote down their QQ and telephone numbers respectively, and talked with them as postgraduate students.
As soon as I talked, the "answer carrier" urged the author to "speak quickly, the exam is coming soon, and I have been busy with a lot of business recently."
"I’m preparing for the postgraduate entrance examination, but I’m not fully prepared. Can I get any help from you?" The author asked.
"You can provide answers in English and politics, and both subjects can be guaranteed to be above 70 points."
What is the concept of "over 70 points"?
In the postgraduate examinations in recent years, the national re-examination scores for English are all around 45 points. Although some popular majors in famous universities have higher requirements for English, they are all far below 70 points.
"English is guaranteed to be above 70 points", which is very attractive to most candidates.
Postgraduate entrance examination, as an extremely important national unified examination, according to common sense, the management of examination papers should be very strict, so where do the answers provided by the agencies selling answers come from?
In the conversation with Yonghui Education, the author asked: Can you provide the answers before the exam?
The answer is: "it’s impossible. If anyone has the correct answer before the exam, I’ll chop off my head and give it to you as a stool."
The "Test Aid Alliance" also said, "This is no better than CET-4 and CET-6, and it is very difficult to get the answers before the postgraduate exam."
It is very unlikely to get the test paper and answer before the exam. So where did the answer come from?
The "answer carrier" asked the author to log in to his QQ space, saying, "Take a good look and everything will be clear after reading it."
In the personal space of "Answer Aircraft Carrier", the author found a picture uploaded at 11: 29: 31 am on November 30, 2008, which was taken at the examination site. The content of the test paper "Administrative Ability Test" for civil servants in 2009 is from questions 111 to 115. Enlarge this picture and watch it clearly.
The time when the photo was sent-11: 29: 31 am on November 30, 2008 shows that the photo was sent during the exam.
Like the "answer carrier", many answer providers put some photos of the test papers on the website or QQ space to prove that they have the strength to get the test papers and provide effective answers. On the website of Zhongzheng Education and Training, the author saw six pictures of the operation of CET-4 and CET-6. In order to prove the shooting time, there was also a reference message on December 20 (the date of CET-4 and CET-6 in 2008). The middle position of the computer screen also showed that the shooting time was 10: 22: 44. At this time, the CET-4 in December 2008 was in progress.
In the column of "Proof of Strength" of its website, the "Test Aid Alliance" posted photos of the test papers of more than 10 test items, such as "08 Notes, Justice, 08 Public English Level 3, College English Level 4, Professional Physician, PETS Public English, CPA Certified Public Accountant, local civil servant in the first half of 2008, and 08 Professional English Level 4".
The website exposed the "answer in the exam" transmission.
What kind of high technology does the seller of answers rely on to get the test paper out from under the eyes of the invigilator?
According to the introduction of the "answer carrier" and a number of answer providers, the so-called "answer in the exam" mainly takes the following steps-
First of all, people who are qualified to take the postgraduate exam are hired to take the exam. On the day of the exam, the employees bring miniature scanning instruments or pinhole cameras with wireless transmission function into the examination room, and after they get the test papers, they send them to the off-site through the above equipment. After the off-site people get the test papers, they immediately send them to the hired experts who do the questions, and the experts who do the questions send the answers to the transit people in the shortest time. The transit people then send the answers to the QQ group composed of candidates who buy the answers, and then wait on the computer.
It can be seen that the internet plays an extremely important role in the process of cheating, whether it is pre-test propaganda or passing answers in the exam. Why do cheaters use the Internet to cheat so easily?
The author interviewed internet society of china and 12321 Bad Information Reporting Center, but both units declined the interview. Mr. Zhong, who is in charge of publicity at the Internet Society, said, "The Society is only a non-governmental organization. I suggest you find other units." The 12321 Reporting Center said that "we only accept reports here, and nothing else will be accepted."
Nowadays, you can still easily get a lot of information about selling answers through search engines, but the focus of selling has shifted from the postgraduate entrance examination to the upcoming local civil service examinations. For example, "Answer Aircraft Carrier" announced in its QQ space as early as a week before the postgraduate exam: the research exam is progressing smoothly and the Zhejiang civil service exam is being actively prepared.
Cheating equipment is mostly produced by Shenzhen enterprises.
Wireless cameras and pinhole cameras that send papers out of the examination room, wireless earphones that transmit answers, watches, pens, erasers that can display words, and professional transmitters … Where do these cheating tools with scientific and technological content come from?
"The equipment I recommend to you is the new model in 2009. It is not an earphone or a pen, but a mechanical watch that can take pictures. On the surface, this kind of watch is no different from ordinary watches, and the information displayed on it can only be seen within half a meter from the watch screen. "Answer Aircraft Carrier" introduced the superior performance of this cheating watch to the author with great interest and sent a URL link through QQ.
The introduction of all kinds of cheating devices on the webpage is extremely detailed, but there is no explanation for the company address, customer service phone number and email. The author entered the ICP number of this website into the website management system of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the query result was "No information found"-this website is illegal.
According to the inquiry of the brand (SUNLIPS) of cheating watches provided by Answer Aircraft Carrier, we know that this mechanical information table is produced by Sanlipu (Hong Kong) Network Technology Co., Ltd., a network technology company registered in Hong Kong and produced in Shenzhen. The author called the marketing manager of the company, and when asked if he knew that the sales agents in various places sold the watch to the answer provider for cheating, the manager hastily hung up the phone without asking whether he could.
In the follow-up unannounced visit to Yonghui Education, the author has continuous and in-depth contact with the answer buyer Mavericks (a pseudonym). The night before the postgraduate exam, Mavericks said that they had bought an information form for cheating at Yonghui Education. When I looked at the information table, I found a "instruction manual of SUNLIPS mechanical pointer information table". The calf said to the author, "This is the manual of the watch."
In this year’s postgraduate examination, the "answer carrier" is not the only one who focuses on the mechanical information table. In contact with the "test-aid alliance", the "test-aid alliance" also believes that the safest equipment this year is the mechanical information table. "Many people tried it in the CET-4 and CET-6, and it generally reflected well."
The mechanical information table recommended by the "Test Aid Alliance" is more advanced, and you need to wear special glasses to see the contents presented on the watch screen through infinite transmission. "The naked eye can only see the dial and the hands."
After repeated inquiries by the author, the "Test Aid Alliance" revealed the brand of the mechanical information table-"Will Reiss". Upon inquiry, the "Welles" mechanical watch was produced by Shenzhen Welles Technology Development Co., Ltd. In the prominent position of the company’s website, there is a detailed introduction to the "photoelectric dense display pointer paging watch": "1. Anti-cheating gram, invisible earphone detector, electronic dog; 2, to prevent leaks, to prevent others from peeping, breaking the characteristics of traditional pagers that are not confidential enough. The first special glasses introduced from Germany Short photoelectric technology and matched with ordinary appearance in China can really be seen by me, even if others are around or facing the sun. Safety comes first in the information age; 3, the shield, this product adopts forward error correction, data interleaving access, adaptive equalization and other technologies, so that the shield has a very small impact on it … "
Check out the display of products produced by Shenzhen Weireisi Technology Development Co., Ltd., including "photoelectric dense display pointer paging watch, transmitter antenna, 50W transmitter, glasses and ruler (when they are at a certain angle, you can observe infinitely transmitted words)". All the above products are cheating tools highly recommended by online vendors.
Login to the "Enterprise Information Inquiry System" of Shenzhen Administration for Industry and Commerce failed to find the relevant information of Shenzhen Weireisi Technology Development Co., Ltd.. The person in charge of the company’s surname Liu said to the author on the phone: "You have no right to know whether the enterprise is registered in the Industrial and Commercial Bureau." And said angrily: "You and I have no grievances in the past and no enmity in recent days. I hope you don’t ask for trouble."
Editor: Li Xiuwei
Two departments： after 2020, candidates with technical secondary school education will no longer be accepted to take the licensed pharmacist exam.
BEIJING, March 20 (Xinhua) According to the website of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, National Medical Products Administration and the heads of relevant departments of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security answered questions from reporters on the Provisions on the Professional Qualification System for Licensed Pharmacists and the Implementation Measures for the Professional Qualification Examination for Licensed Pharmacists. The relevant person in charge said that this system revision has set up a connection plan for the transition between the old and new systems for technical secondary school education. The transition period will end on December 31, 2020, and candidates with technical secondary school education will no longer be accepted after 2020.
1. What is the background and significance of the revision of the System Regulations and Examination Measures?
A: The licensed pharmacist system in China was established in 1994. In 1999, the former National Medical Products Administration and the former Ministry of Personnel jointly revised the Interim Provisions on the Qualification System of Licensed Pharmacists and the Implementation Measures for the Qualification Examination of Licensed Pharmacists (No.34 [1999] of the People’s Republic of China, hereinafter referred to as "Document No.34"), which clearly stipulated that licensed pharmacists should implement a unified national outline, unified examination, unified registration and unified management. Over the years, licensed pharmacists have played an active role in guiding the public to use drugs safely and rationally and ensuring the quality and safety of drugs. By the end of 2018, the number of people who passed the licensed pharmacist qualification examination had reached 1.03 million.
With the implementation of new laws and regulations and the development of drug safety supervision, some new situations and problems have emerged in the work of licensed pharmacists, and Circular 34 has been unable to meet the needs of the construction and development of licensed pharmacists and supervision. First, with the development of China’s pharmaceutical higher education and the increasing demand for public medication safety, the admission conditions for licensed pharmacists stipulated in Document No.34 can no longer meet the requirements of the current situation. Second, in view of the outstanding problems in the management of licensed pharmacists, such as "certificate attachment" and the failure of enterprises to equip licensed pharmacists as required, Circular No.34 lacks corresponding punishment clauses and grass-roots supervision cannot be relied upon. Third, the administrative subject of the implementation of the current system has changed several times.
In order to meet the needs of reform and development, rationalize the management rights and responsibilities of licensed pharmacists, speed up the construction of licensed pharmacists, and ensure the safe and effective use of drugs by the public, the two departments revised Circular 34 on the basis of fully listening to opinions from many parties.
Two, compared with the original system, what are the main changes in the "system regulations" and "examination methods"?
A: First, improve the entry threshold for licensed pharmacists’ academic qualifications, adjust the minimum academic qualifications from technical secondary school to junior college, and appropriately increase the working years of candidates in related majors in pharmacy (Chinese pharmacy). The second is to carry out information management on the registration of licensed pharmacists nationwide, establish credit records of licensed pharmacists, and conduct credit management on practice activities. The third is to clarify the punishment measures for licensed pharmacists and practicing units, and to restrict licensed pharmacists with bad information records when applying for registration. The fourth is to strengthen the operability of linking the professional qualification of licensed pharmacists with the intermediate professional title of pharmacy. Fifth, it is clear that Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan residents are treated equally with mainland residents when they participate in national licensed pharmacist qualification examination, registration, continuing education and practice. Sixth, adjust the examination period from two years to four years, and extend the examination period appropriately.
3. What are the specific requirements of the "Regulations" for the qualification examination of licensed pharmacists?
A: In order to improve the quality of licensed pharmacists, strengthen the professionalism of the team, and highlight the post practice requirements, this revision will adjust the entry threshold for licensed pharmacists’ academic qualifications from secondary school to junior college, and appropriately increase the working years of relevant professional candidates in pharmacy (Chinese pharmacy).
The "Regulations" clarify that all People’s Republic of China (PRC) citizens and foreigners who are allowed to work in China can apply for the professional qualification examination for licensed pharmacists if they meet one of the following conditions: (1) They have obtained a college degree in pharmacy and Chinese medicine, and have worked in pharmacy or Chinese medicine for 5 years; (two) to obtain a bachelor’s degree or bachelor’s degree in pharmacy or Chinese medicine, and to work in pharmacy or Chinese medicine for 3 years; (3) Having obtained the second bachelor’s degree, graduate class or master’s degree in pharmacy or Chinese pharmacy, and having worked in pharmacy or Chinese pharmacy for one year; (four) to obtain a doctorate in pharmacy and traditional Chinese medicine; (5) Persons who have obtained corresponding academic qualifications or degrees in pharmacy or traditional Chinese medicine will have their working years in pharmacy or traditional Chinese medicine increased by one year.
4. How do the Examination Measures stipulate the conditions for applying for some examination subjects with exemption?
A: The "Examination Measures" canceled the original working years for the conditions for applying for some examination subjects that are exempt from examination. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, those who have obtained senior professional titles in pharmacy or medicine and work in pharmaceutical posts may be exempted from taking the examination of pharmaceutical professional knowledge (1) and pharmaceutical professional knowledge (2), and only take the examination of pharmaceutical management and regulations and pharmaceutical comprehensive knowledge and skills; Those who have obtained the senior professional title of Chinese medicine or Chinese medicine and work in the post of Chinese medicine can be exempted from the examination of Chinese medicine professional knowledge (1) and Chinese medicine professional knowledge (2), and only take the examination of pharmaceutical affairs management and regulations and comprehensive knowledge and skills of Chinese medicine.
Applicants with senior titles who meet the requirements of exemption from the two subjects must work in pharmacy or traditional Chinese medicine and obtain senior titles in pharmacy or medicine, and their qualifications for senior titles should be obtained before the deadline for registration. Those who have worked in pharmacy or Chinese pharmacy and obtained senior professional titles in pharmacy or medicine but have not been employed in the corresponding positions may apply for the exam.
V. What transitional policies or measures are there for the applicants with technical secondary school education in this revision?
A: In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of candidates, this system revision has set up a bridging scheme for the transition between the old and new systems for technical secondary school education, with the transition period ending on December 31, 2020. Those who meet the requirements of the original No.34 document and register for the examination in 2018 and 2019, the validity period of the examination results shall be implemented according to the original provisions of 2 years; Those who sign up for the exam in 2020 should complete all the exam subjects within that year, and will no longer accept candidates with secondary school education after 2020.
Six, how to manage the continuing education of licensed pharmacists, and how to effectively link the registration management with continuing education?
A: Licensed pharmacists should receive continuing education, update their professional knowledge and improve their professional level in accordance with the relevant provisions of the national continuing education for professional and technical personnel. The state encourages licensed pharmacists to participate in practical training. The continuing education credits of licensed pharmacists shall be recorded in the national licensed pharmacist registration management information system in time by the continuing education management institution.
7. How are the professional qualifications and professional titles of licensed pharmacists linked?
A: In order to implement the relevant requirements of the reform of the central professional title system and promote the effective connection between the professional qualification system and the professional title system, the "System Regulations" clearly stipulates that professional and technical personnel who have obtained the professional qualification of licensed pharmacists can be recognized as having the title of competent pharmacist or competent Chinese pharmacist, and can be used as a condition for applying for a higher-level professional title. The unit selects the best one according to the needs of the work.
Eight, the "Regulations" on the "Licensed Pharmacist Registration Certificate" linked to other acts of what punishment?
A: In order to solve the problem of law enforcement at the grass-roots level, the "Regulations on the System" stipulates a number of measures to solve the regulatory problems such as the on-the-job absence of licensed pharmacists and the affiliation of the Registered Certificate of Licensed Pharmacists. For example, the second paragraph of Article 13 stipulates that applicants for registration must abide by the law and discipline, abide by the professional ethics of licensed pharmacists, and have no bad information records. Article 26 stipulates that units that fail to equip licensed pharmacists according to regulations shall be ordered by the local drug supervision and administration department at or above the county level to equip them within a time limit, and shall be punished in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. Article 28 stipulates that if a licensed pharmacist registration certificate is obtained by cheating, bribery or other improper means, the licensed pharmacist registration certificate shall be revoked by the issuing department and the licensed pharmacist shall not be registered within three years; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law. It is strictly forbidden to link the Licensed Pharmacist Registration Certificate. If the registered unit of the holder is inconsistent with the actual work unit, the Licensed Pharmacist Registration Certificate shall be revoked by the issuing department and recorded in the national licensed pharmacist registration management information system as personal bad information by the department responsible for drug supervision and administration. Units that buy, sell or lease the Licensed Pharmacist Registration Certificate shall be punished in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.
The "Regulations on the System" clarifies the punishment measures for the violations of licensed pharmacists and practicing units, so that grass-roots supervision has laws to follow. When applying for registration of licensed pharmacists with bad information records, the registration will not be approved until the bad information records are revoked. Through the establishment of licensed pharmacists’ integrity records and licensed pharmacists’ big data management, we will increase the crackdown on licensed pharmacists’ "hanging certificates" and establish a normalization mechanism for "hanging certificates" governance.
9. What are the new regulations for Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan residents in this revision?
A: In order to further facilitate the work and life of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan residents in the Mainland (Mainland) and promote the technical exchange of pharmaceutical professionals and technicians, the "System Regulations" has specially added relevant provisions for Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan residents to apply for the professional qualification of licensed pharmacists, making it clear that Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan residents’ application for national licensed pharmacist qualification examination, registration, continuing education, practice and other activities, just like mainland (Mainland) residents, should be handled with reference to relevant regulations.
X. How to promote the follow-up work after the promulgation of the "System Provisions" and "Examination Measures"?
A: We will do a good job in the following four aspects: First, we will do a good job in organizing and implementing the system. Carry out various forms of publicity and policy interpretation, so that the majority of pharmaceutical technicians can fully know, understand and support the newly revised "System Provisions" and "Examination Methods". Second, taking the opportunity of system revision, we will carry out centralized rectification of licensed pharmacists in pharmaceutical retail enterprises to promote the healthy and benign development of licensed pharmacists’ professional qualification system. The third is to pay close attention to the revision of the "Administrative Measures for the Registration of Licensed Pharmacists" and other supporting documents. The fourth is to implement the development goals and tasks of licensed pharmacists in the "Thirteenth Five-Year National Drug Safety Plan", strengthen the supervision and inspection of licensed pharmacists in retail pharmacies, standardize the practice behavior of licensed pharmacists, and guide and urge enterprises to implement the main responsibility of licensed pharmacists.
Zhilin Information applied for the patent of remote vocational education examination system and method based on cloud service, and realized the remote vocational education examination system with flex
The patent abstract shows that the invention discloses a remote vocational education examination system and method based on cloud services, which relates to the technical field of remote examinations, and comprises a system management module, a test paper generation module, an online examination module and an analysis feedback module; The system management module is used to manage data storage and backup, the cloud server interface connected with the education system and data security detection; The test paper generation module is used to screen out the test questions from the test question bank according to the distribution, difficulty, innovation and novelty of knowledge points; The online examination module monitors the abnormal behavior of candidates in real time from two aspects: surveillance video monitoring and network activity monitoring; The analysis and feedback module adjusts the test paper generation method based on the examinee’s comprehensive anomaly index. The invention realizes a remote vocational education examination system with flexible test paper generation method and comprehensive abnormal behavior monitoring method.
SHEIN reshapes the rules of global fashion industry with the innovative model of ＂SHEIN Chain＂
As its name implies, "fruit chain" is the global hardware industry chain led by Apple, which symbolizes large-scale orders, technical support and significant growth opportunities for related enterprises, and its strict supplier screening system is regarded as a strength certification and promotion ladder. In the fashion industry, "SHEIN Chain"/"HI Chain" is an unprecedented value chain.
"SHEIN Chain" is a value chain built by SHEIN, covering upstream and downstream partners such as garment factories, textile and supporting service providers. With the support of digital technology, it cooperates efficiently to jointly design, produce and sell fashion products to the world. "SHEIN Chain", like "Fruit Chain", shows strong integration and growth potential, and innovates the cooperation mode of traditional fashion industry chain in a unique mode.
Being in the position of "chain owner" in the industrial chain, SHEIN’s significance to chain enterprises goes beyond the simple order relationship. Like SHEIN, Apple has a global "fruit chain" as a component supplier and assembler, and it delegates its own product design concept and technological innovation ability to suppliers in the form of supply chain.
The same is true of SHEIN. At the domestic headquarters, the company has mastered a full set of technologies, R&D, flexible manufacturing methodology and product standards. By investing heavily in smart supply chain construction, it has fed back the extremely efficient production mode to the domestic clothing industry chain and transformed it into real productivity through the global sales system.
However, although they are both "chain owners" of the physical manufacturing industry, the values played by SHEIN and Apple in their respective industries have both similarities and differences. What they have in common is that Apple and SHEIN are both physical manufacturing industries, and both need a large number of skilled industrial workers and mature manufacturing production lines. Therefore, every newly opened factory will bring a lot of jobs to the local area. Advanced production technology and mode are also absorbed by every eco-chain enterprise through the form of technology decentralization.
The uniqueness of SHEIN lies in its eco-chain, which actively advocates and promotes the concept of flexible infrastructure, permeates this concept into every eco-chain enterprise that cooperates with it, effectively promotes the continuous progress, upgrading and transformation of these enterprises, and drives the chain enterprises to grow continuously.
Before cooperating with SHEIN, these factories basically had no systematic and intelligent operation mode, and mainly relied on manual operation, using traditional tools such as Excel and mail to arrange production, which was inefficient and weak in competitiveness in the industry. Since joining hands with SHEIN, these factories have undergone earth-shaking changes, successfully transformed from traditional to digital, and become modern digital factories. This not only significantly reduces the waste of materials, but also greatly shortens the waiting time of workers and improves the overall production efficiency.
Specifically, the production standards and quality requirements of each style of SHEIN brand will be synchronized to all suppliers in real time through online digital tools, and suppliers will make production scheduling, production management, find problems in time and make adjustments through online digital management tools. After completing this set of standardized operating procedures formulated by SHEIN, these chain enterprises seem to have undergone a profound digital and intelligent transformation baptism, transformed themselves from the traditional manufacturing mode, and became a typical representative of modern production in the industry, which also promoted the garment industry cluster to move towards a more resilient, efficient and flexible new industrial chain structure as a whole.
To sum up, as the world’s four major brands, SHEIN has successfully subverted the cooperation mode of the traditional fashion industry supply chain with its innovative "SHEIN Chain" model, and effectively promoted the continuous progress and industrial upgrading of garment manufacturing enterprises in China and even around the world. In the future, as SHEIN continues to deepen the construction of smart supply chain, increase investment in technology research and development, and further expand and optimize the global sales network. We have reason to believe that "SHEIN Chain" will play a greater leading role in the global fashion industry and create a more agile, sustainable and competitive new generation of industrial clusters.
Not all stories are love stories ｜ Reading Day
Recently, Chinese-American writer Yiyun Li’s novel "Should I Go" met readers in China, which is the first time that Yiyun Li has been translated into Chinese and introduced into domestic novels.
Many readers in China have heard of Yiyun Li, but many readers in China read Yiyun Li for the first time. Yiyun Li went to the United States to study after graduating from the Biology Department of Peking University, and later turned to writing. From the publication of her first novel collection "A Thousand Years of Worship" in 2005 to the present, she has always written in English, and has become one of the most accomplished Chinese writers in English. Now, she is finally ready to return her works to China.
The first novel translated into Chinese and published.
Many readers in China have heard of Yiyun Li.
Yiyun Li, a Chinese-American writer, is currently a professor and director of creative writing program at Lewis Art Center of Princeton University. She is a "post-70s" who went to the United States to study after graduating from the Biology Department of Peking University, and later turned to English writing. Her first collection of short stories, A Thousand Years of Worship, has aroused widespread concern and affirmation, and won the Frank O ‘Connor International Short Story Award, the American Pen Hemingway Award and the British Guardian Newcomer Award. She herself has been rated as the most noteworthy writer by major authoritative literary magazines, and won the MacArthur Genius Award in the United States in 2010. In 2012, Yiyun Li won the O Henry Award for her short story Kindness, making her the first Chinese writer to win the award. In 2022, Yiyun Li was elected as an academician of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a year later, she won the Faulkner Prize for Literature for her new work The Book of Goose.
So far, Yiyun Li has published six novels, three collections of short stories and one memoir. Should I Go, published in 2020, is her first novel translated into Chinese. In this novel, "Lilia has been married three times, raised five children, and is now looking forward to the birth of the 17th grandchild. She has been helping people around her to recognize herself all her life. At the age of eighty-five, she began to be fascinated by the diary of her old friend Roland. When she was young, they had a romantic relationship. She wanted to see what she could leave for the younger generation. The diary recorded Roland’s affairs in great detail. Lilia took pains to add footnotes to everything. A secret relationship that lasted for decades was slowly uncovered, including the existence of her daughter Lucy, who even Roland himself didn’t know. Flame-like passion, the grief of annihilation, people’s hearts go back and forth between these two poles, but they have to find their home and exit and continue to cruise. Yiyun Li gave a dazzling praise to life in the novel, about Lilia and about everyone who comes and goes in our lives. "
At the launch of Should I Go in Shanghai, Bao Huiyi, a young writer and associate professor of English at Fudan University, said that at first she thought the novel was a work about how to face aging and the last years of life, but later she found that it subverted all her presuppositions. She explained that the 80-year-old woman was obsessed with her old lover and went to such great trouble to read his diary, probably because she was immersed in the past, but this was not the case at all. With the development of the story, if it had a core meaning, it was the death of her daughter. In the novel, Lilia gave birth to a child with Roland, or she got a life from Roland. Later, this life passed away. Therefore, in Bao Huiyi’s understanding, Lilia didn’t go to the diary to trace the old love affair at all, and the author Yiyun Li also warned readers from the beginning that not all stories are love stories.
Photo courtesy of Yiyun Li Shanghai Translation Publishing House
Who collects who?
When reading Should I Go, Bao Huiyi found two different voices contending. "There is a male first-person narrator in the book, and then the voice-over is female, because Lilia is constantly making comments when reading Roland’s book, and subverts the male voice, or it can’t be said to be subversive, because her comments actually appear irregularly, which can be said to be a deconstruction of the life story that the man thinks he is. Then you will see such a struggle for the narrative subject, which is very interesting and very tense. "
Bao Huiyi believes that "Should I Go" has at least three or more layers of structure, the first of which is Roland, the author of the diary, and Lilia, the commentator, and the relationship between Lilia and Roland can be expanded. However, Yiyun Li is not unconventional. In an interview with Zhong Na, a bilingual writer and literary translator, Yiyun Li said that she was willing to rely on a traditional structure, and she thought that she could tell the story well with the help of an existing framework. In Bao Huiyi’s view, this is actually a solid writing attitude. Writers rely on their own handy framework to write dialogues and characters well.
Bao Huiyi said that perhaps when reading more than ten pages in the book, readers will feel that Yiyun Li is an author with profound narrative skills and sophisticated life wisdom. For example, in the book, the struggle for topics such as memory and time, the man thinks that he can write a book with a coffin, and the young girl becomes his lover, just one of his many "collections", even just a small footnote in his life, but who actually collects who, who forgets who, what is permanence, what is transience and what is possession?
Zhong Na shared her reading experience at the launch of Should I Go? Zhong Na said that in "Should I Go", readers can see that Lilia shared a lot of life wisdom, and there are many enlightening things, especially some golden sentences, which also show the personality of the characters. "I think the interesting thing that Yiyun Li presents in this book is that there are many golden sentences, but at the same time, the golden sentences are constantly being deconstructed and overthrown, and they are often contradictory, which actually constitutes the personality characteristics of Lilia."
In addition, Lilia keeps reading the diary of his old lover and responding, which seems paranoid. How to understand this behavior, Zhong Na spent a long time thinking, and finally found the answer in another book by Yiyun Li, Dear Friends, Write Your Life from My Life. "Yiyun Li suffered from depression for two years, and then she did some thinking and digestion by reading and reviewing her life, including her relationship with her family, her relationship with literature, and her relationship with the first half of her life. So in fact, she is slowly gaining some wisdom to regain the balance of her life by constantly reading the writer’s letters and diaries. So that book is actually having a dialogue with "Should I Go?", that is, through very in-depth reading, the lives of readers and authors are intertwined. So after I reread the book, I read "Should I Go" again, and I have a feeling of understanding Lilia. When a person’s life is in a dilemma, she re-establishes a narrative by reading this most extreme way to enter the other’s brain. "
A Chinese writer who writes in English
The Chinese simplified version of Should I Go was published, which made many readers who had heard of Yiyun Li read Yiyun Li for the first time.
At the launch of Should I Go, Penglun, an archipelago book publisher, recalled his association with Yiyun Li and shared the publishing story of Should I Go. He said that for many readers, Yiyun Li has always been a legend or a legend. From the publication of the first collection of novels "A Thousand Years of Worship" in 2005 to the present, she has always written in English, but she was not born and raised in the United States, but a writer who went to study in the United States from China. Before going to the United States, she had never published her works in Chinese. Among the current Chinese writers, Yiyun Li can be said to be the most accomplished writer in English, and many readers in China who are concerned about the world literary world are also curious. Why has Yiyun Li never published Chinese works before?
Peng Lun introduced that he began to pay attention to Yiyun Li in 2004. At that time, his job was to report some trends in the literary and publishing circles at home and abroad, and he learned by chance that Yiyun Li had won a new literary prize. He had never heard of this writer, so he searched the Internet for relevant information and got in touch with Yiyun Li by email.
In 2005, Yiyun Li published her first collection of short stories in the United States and won some literary prizes. At that time, Peng Lungang started publishing and asked Yiyun Li if she could translate this collection of novels into China, but she refused. With the increasing popularity of Yiyun Li, other China media began to pay attention to this writer. However, when asked when he would publish a book in China, Yiyun Li said no.
"I noticed at that time that she felt that she was not ready at that stage, or that China was not ready to accept her as a Chinese writer writing in English." Peng Lun said.
Ten years later, until 2020, Peng Lun suddenly received a letter from Yiyun Li’s agent and her latest novel manuscript at that time, that is, "Should I go?".
Zhong Na thinks, "Should I Go" is a very mature writer who is very satisfied with his current creation, so Yiyun Li is willing to make it the starting point for his work to enter the Chinese world. Zhong Na has been paying attention to Yiyun Li’s creative career. In her view, the writer’s writing has been constantly changing, broadening her own boundaries. In the early days, Yiyun Li’s writing actually paid more attention to the depiction of characters’ inner images, as well as the connection of very special characters’ emotions and relationships, and even hid himself among the characters. But later, Yiyun Li did a lot of experiments and broadening on texts and writing, and his works were more mature than those in his early years.
It is reported that besides Should I Go, Yiyun Li’s other two works, The Book of Goose and Wednesday’s Children, have also been put on the publishing schedule. "Although her works entered the Chinese world for the first time, many readers, especially female readers, recognized her voice and the charm of her works very quickly, which gave me great confidence." Peng Lun said.
Reporter: Jiang Dan Editor: Zheng Xu Proofreading: Yang Hefang
Reporting/feedback
Custom calendar for one week in morning weather ｜ Warm up, warm up, warm up! The highest temperature in Shanghai is 29℃ on Friday, and the cold air ＂kills＂ on weekends.
00:34
It’s the end of October. Why is it so "hot"?
Recently, the weather in Shencheng is really good. The blue sky is lined with dazzling eyes during the day. In the afternoon, the body feels even warmer than the category of "crisp autumn", and many pedestrians wear short-sleeved skirts.
Close to beginning of winter, as warm as long summer?
Many netizens in Shanghai shouted "hot".
Shencheng continues to heat up today. With the help of warm autumn sun, the highest temperature in most parts of the city generally reaches around 25℃, including 24.9℃ at Xujiahui Station in the urban area and 26.9℃ at Qingpu Station.
Looking at the whole country, due to the weak cold air that has affected our country recently, this warming wave has a large scope.
According to China Weather Network, since October this year, the temperature in most parts of China has been on the high side, with many places 2 to 4℃ higher than normal, and many places in North China have successively exceeded 30℃.
In the early part of this week, China’s central and eastern regions still maintained a warmer pattern.
Why is there such a rare warm and hot weather?
Li Liang, a meteorologist of China Weather Network, analyzed that since October this year, the polar vortex that accumulated cold air has been located in the north, and the cold air affecting China is significantly weaker than normal, and the temperature in most parts of China has been on the high side. In the next three days, the cold air affecting China will be located in the north and weak, coupled with the blessing of sunny days, which is very conducive to the temperature rise in North China and its south.
For Shanghai, the temperature will continue to rise in the daytime tomorrow. It should be noted that the temperature difference between day and night is large, with the temperature difference in the central city exceeding 8℃ and that in the suburbs above 10℃. Pay attention to dressing flexibly.
Specific forecast for tomorrow:
Sunny to cloudy with southerly winds of 3-4. The highest temperature is 26℃ and the lowest temperature is 18℃. The relative humidity is 90%-45%. Fire risk rating Meteorological index: Grade 4, flammable.
In a week, the temperature rises first and then falls this week, and will reach the peak of this round of warming on Friday, with the highest temperature reaching 29℃.
Cold air finally arrived on weekends, and the temperature dropped all the way, accompanied by a light rain weather process.
The highest temperature will fall back to "prefix 1" next Monday.
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In the face of the fierce financial turmoil, the Hong Kong SAR Government used its magic weapon. What thrilling dispute stories happened in several confrontations with Soros? Why did the then Financial Secretary Donald Tsang secretly cry? What are the mysteries hidden in the final Armageddon? "Through to Hong Kong" today broadcasts a special program "Ten Years of Memories of Financial Defence (Part II)".
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That financial storm was threatening in those days.
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How does the Hong Kong authorities resolve the financial crisis?
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Why did Donald Tsang secretly shed tears during the financial turmoil?
The financial storm that started to make waves in July 1997 swept across Asia like a volcanic eruption, and then stirred the whole world. Those countries that fell in the storm were mired in the quagmire of economic collapse and could only be slaughtered by others. However, Hong Kong, which is still standing in the storm, has already suffered from black and blue wounds in its financial market. At this time, the SAR Government has realized that although the impact of international speculators has been defused several times, a more violent storm has not yet arrived, and the SAR Government must meet the challenge with tougher measures and a more active attitude. It is also at this time that Soros, who has been waiting for the best opportunity, is constantly accumulating energy and preparing to launch a final blow to Hong Kong. The decisive battle of Hong Kong’s financial defense finally kicked off in August 1998.
Details:
Welcome to the special program on the 10th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to China, which was produced by "Through Hong Kong".
The financial storm that started to make waves in July 1997 quickly swept through Asia like a volcanic eruption and then stirred the whole world. Those countries that fell in the storm were trapped in the quagmire of economic collapse and could only be slaughtered. However, Hong Kong, which is still standing in the storm, has also suffered from black and blue financial markets. At this time, the SAR Government has realized that although the impact of international speculators has been defused several times, a more violent storm has not yet arrived, and the SAR Government must meet the challenge with tougher measures and a more active attitude. It is also at this time that Soros, who has been waiting for the best opportunity, is constantly accumulating energy and preparing to launch a final blow to Hong Kong. The Armageddon of Hong Kong’s financial defense finally kicked off in August 1998.
On August 5, 1998, international speculators sold more than 20 billion Hong Kong dollars in one day. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority changed its passive approach in the past, and absorbed all of Hong Kong’s fiscal reserves to stabilize the foreign exchange market at the level of HK$ 7.75 to US$ 1, and the interbank market borrowing interest only increased slightly.
On August 6th, speculators sold more than HK$ 20 billion, and the Monetary Authority made a new move, not only accepting all the Hong Kong dollars according to the order, but also depositing them into the Hong Kong banking system, which played a role in stabilizing interbank lending interest and prevented the stock market from falling due to the increase in interest rate.
On August 7th, the Hang Seng Index fell by 212 points, or 3%, due to the poor performance of some blue-chip stocks that have announced interim results. In the following trading days, from 7th to 13th, the Hong Kong government continued to adopt the method of absorbing Hong Kong dollars to stabilize the interbank interest rate and thus achieve the goal of stabilizing the stock market. However, due to speculators’ short selling in the stock market, the Hang Seng Index finally fell to a low around 6,600 points, almost 10,000 points lower than a year ago, and the total market value evaporated by HK$ 2 trillion in one year. .
On August 13th, after the Hang Seng Index was suppressed to 6,660 points, the Hong Kong government organized Hong Kong capital and mainland capital to enter the market, and launched a battle with rivals for the August stock index futures contract. Speculators want to suppress the index, while the Hong Kong Government wants to hold the index, forcing speculators to fail to cash out their contracts in full before the end of August. After entering the market, the Hong Kong Government bought a large number of August stock index futures contracts shorted by international speculators, pushing the futures index up from 6,610 points before entering the market to 7,820 points on the 24th, which was higher than the average opening price of 7,500 points by investment speculators, and achieved initial victory. After the market closed that day, the Hong Kong Government announced that it had used the Exchange Fund to intervene in the stock market and futures market.
On August 14th, the Hong Kong government officially participated in the stock market and futures market transactions. In order to safeguard the Hong Kong dollar, the Hong Kong Government brought huge amounts of exchange funds into the stock market and futures market to directly confront speculators. The Hong Kong Government issued instructions to a number of securities firms in Hong Kong, such as Bank of China, Dodoli and Hesheng, to absorb a large number of blue-chip stocks in the Hang Seng Index, saying that it must raise the stock index in August by 600 points at all costs. The Hong Kong government’s reversal of the previous policy of "positive non-intervention" has dealt an unexpected heavy blow to speculators.
On August 24th, in order to break the speculators’ arbitrage plan, the Hong Kong Government took the initiative again and intervened in the market with HK$ 5 billion. On that day, the Hang Seng Index fluctuated violently, with a short-term plunge of 300 points, and then it was quickly pulled back. At the close, the Hang Seng Index rose by 318 points.
For the snipers and defenders of Hong Kong’s financial market, this is definitely a thrilling August. The curtain of the decisive battle has been opened, and the last moment of the decisive battle is coming. August 28th, 1998 is the settlement date of August contract of Hong Kong Hang Seng Index Futures. International speculators have a large number of futures orders that must be sold when they expire. If the stock market and foreign exchange market can stabilize at a high level or continue to break through, speculators will lose hundreds of millions or even more than one billion dollars. On the contrary, the tens of billions of Hong Kong dollars invested by the Hong Kong Government before will be thrown into the sea. Two rivals who have been fighting in the financial market for a whole year have finally waited for the final battle to decide life and death.
On August 27th, 1998, bad news kept coming from the global financial field. The US Dow Jones stock index fell by 217 points, and the European and Latin American stock markets fell by 3% ~ 8%. The Hong Kong stock market is facing a severe test. Under the command of Donald Tsang, the then Financial Secretary of the SAR, the Hong Kong Government injected about HK$ 20 billion a day, which steadily boosted the Hang Seng Index by 88 points, laying the foundation for the final decisive battle. On the same day, Soros’s Quantum Fund publicly declared that the Hong Kong Government would fail. This kind of public challenge to a government in the name of a company or individual, threatening to defeat a government, is unprecedented. Of course, there is intimidation in this, but it also shows Soros’s ambition and confidence. For this decisive battle, both sides are prepared, and no one can afford to lose.
August 28th may be the longest day in Hong Kong since there was a stock market.
At 10 o’clock in the morning, the transaction officially began. Only five minutes after the market opened, the turnover of the stock market exceeded HK$ 3.9 billion. Half an hour later, the turnover exceeded HK$ 10 billion, and by the close of the morning, the turnover had reached HK$ 40 billion, which was close to the record of HK$ 46 billion daily turnover set on August 29, 1997.
After the market opened in the afternoon, the selling continued unabated, and the Hong Kong government accepted all the orders, and the turnover climbed all the way, while the Hang Seng Index and the Futures Index remained above 7,800 points. As the bell rang at 4 o’clock in the afternoon, the constantly beating Hang Seng Index, Futures Index and transaction amount on the display screen were finally locked at 7829, 7851 and 79 billion respectively.
The Financial Secretary of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region immediately announced that the Hong Kong Government had won the battle against international speculators and defending the Hong Kong stock market and the Hong Kong dollar.
If we leave aside the tragic war on this day, then the closing point of the Hang Seng Index in Hong Kong on the 28th is really a very dull number, which is even 93 points lower than that of the previous day. However, the significance of this figure to Hong Kong’s financial market is immeasurable. It has made Hong Kong’s stock market stand firm, leaving international speculators with no room for profit, and because their contracts have expired, they will inevitably suffer huge losses. This enter the dragon was later written into the financial textbooks of many countries all over the world, and it also became an important plot in many film and television dramas. However, no matter how it was deduced in actual combat in class or how it was performed in movies, it was not as wonderful as that day.
August 28th, 1998 is a heartbreaking day for many speculators. They came with the results of sweeping Southeast Asia and the ambition of sweeping Hong Kong, and their battle plan was not careless. Perhaps their only failure was to underestimate the determination of the Hong Kong SAR government. The Hong Kong government, which has always pursued a zero-intervention economic policy, actually carried 98 billion US dollars of foreign exchange reserves and entered the stock market and the foreign exchange market for a large-scale defense.
On the 28th, international speculative funds almost rushed out in an attempt to completely suppress the stock index, while the Hong Kong government took all the sales orders and held them to the stock market. The transaction amount on this day reached HK$ 79 billion, setting a record for a single day in the Hong Kong market.
After the decisive battle on the 28th, international speculators also made a fight against the trapped animals. They believe that neither financial pressure nor public opinion pressure can sustain the SAR Government for a long time, so they decided to transfer the contract from August to September, hoping to fight a protracted war with the Hong Kong Government. The SAR government immediately made a decision to continue to push up the price of stock index futures, forcing speculative capital losses to leave. On September 7, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority promulgated new regulations on foreign exchange, securities trading and settlement, which greatly restricted speculators’ speculation. On that day, the Hang Seng Index soared 588 points and stood at the 8,000-point mark. The losses of international speculators further intensified and eventually they had to retreat from Hong Kong.
It is estimated by Hong Kong market participants that the Hong Kong government invested more than HK$ 100 billion in the two-week stock market support operation, and concentrated on acquiring the shares of several major blue-chip companies in Hong Kong, becoming the major shareholders of several blue-chip companies in Hong Kong. After that, everyone knows the story. The Hong Kong market gradually recovered its vitality. In 1999, the Hang Seng Index returned to more than 10,000 points, and the Hong Kong government completely withdrew from the stock market, earning billions of dollars.
At that time, there were loud voices for and against the government’s abandonment of the "zero intervention policy" and the use of foreign exchange reserves to intervene in the stock market and futures market. Today, conservative economists still believe that this move has damaged the international image of Hong Kong as a free economy. Soros even launched world public opinion and attacked the Hong Kong government for "administrative intervention in the market", which violated the rules of the market economy. However, supporters believe that the economy manipulated by speculative capital is not a free economy, and the Hong Kong government entered the market precisely to break this manipulation. Donald Tsang, the Financial Secretary of Hong Kong who personally directed the market entry operation at that time, was even more deeply impressed.
Tsang Pau Siu-Mei, the wife of Donald Tsang, never asked about her husband’s official business. Even if Donald Tsang attacked an "international financial tycoon" in the financial turmoil, she knew nothing beforehand.
"That summer (1998), I went to Jiuzhaigou with him (Donald Tsang). At that time, he had been calling back to Hong Kong. When he and I went to Istanbul later, I only felt that he had been preparing something urgent. Halfway through the trip, he suddenly said that something important had come back to Hong Kong, leaving me alone in Istanbul, having no idea what had happened. After returning to Hong Kong, I realized that he had made a decision to enter the market. "
In a letter to his younger brother, Donald Tsang explained why he was in favor of entering the market.
"Why should I make this intervention decision? ….. If the government does not take action again, the stock market will fall to an unreasonable level because of manipulation, interest will continue to be high, the Link will continue to be under pressure, and economic recovery will only be in the foreseeable future. "
"You may ask, why doesn’t the government just announce the abandonment of the linked exchange rate? ….. Decoupling at this time will only make Hong Kong people lose their confidence in the Hong Kong dollar overnight. Hong Kong is an economy that relies heavily on exports. Once the linked exchange rate is lost, the stability of Hong Kong’s foreign trade will be immediately reduced, and the stock market and property market will plunge again, interest rates will soar, and the economic environment will further deteriorate. Even in the long run, it may not be the blessing of Hong Kong people. "
Donald Tsang later said that he shed tears the night before the government decided to intervene in the market. But as he said in his letter: government participation in the market is a dilemma. Now that I have made this decision, I must stick to my principles and accept criticism. ….. I will never take it lightly, and I will redouble my efforts to account to the people of Hong Kong. ….. Our life is very difficult. But I don’t believe that we Hong Kong people will lose.
At that time, Soros, who sang against Donald Tsang, gave people the impression that he was a very mysterious figure. Even the specific figure of his losses in Hong Kong has never been known, so there will always be some deductive elements when talking about him. At that time, there was a widely circulated saying that some people even mentioned in the article that in 1998, when Soros directed speculative funds to attack Hong Kong in turn, an incident that happened in the mainland of China surprised him.
In March 1998, Zhu, who just became the Prime Minister of the State Council, China? Ji held his first press conference in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.
"If Hong Kong needs it, the central government will defend Hong Kong at all costs!"
This is the sentence that surprised Soros. It is said that Soros was drinking tea at that time, and when he heard this sentence, the cup in his hand fell to the ground. Although the truth of this statement cannot be verified, the firm support of the China government is a great encouragement to Hong Kong compatriots and a shock to international speculators.
In fact, in 1998, China’s economy also encountered many difficulties, such as declining export growth rate, sluggish domestic demand, and catastrophic floods. At that time, the whole world almost unanimously declared that China’s economy would struggle if the RMB did not depreciate. However, in a highly responsible attitude, the China government has made a solemn commitment not to devalue the RMB from the overall situation of maintaining stability and development in the region. To show sincerity, the China government also narrowed the floating range of the RMB against the US dollar.
While insisting that the RMB will not depreciate, the China government has adopted the policy of expanding domestic demand and stimulating economic growth, which has maintained the healthy and stable growth of the domestic economy and played an important role in easing the economic tension in Asia and promoting the economic recovery in Asia.
The financial defense war in Hong Kong, which happened at the end of last century, is still talked about by people, although there is no sword and shadow, and there is no smoke. When many economies collapsed in the face of the storm, the young Hong Kong Special Administrative Region withstood Soros’s indiscriminate bombing and kept the development achievements of Hong Kong for decades. If one day, we can read Soros’s autobiography, I wonder how he will describe the Waterloo in Hong Kong.
Editor: Liu Di