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　　On the morning of May 22nd, Guilin Meteorological Observatory of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region released the first rainstorm red warning signal this year. Storm accompanied by thunderous thunder swept through the urban area of Guilin, and waterlogging occurred in many places. Cars driving on the road were like sailing.

　　Meteorological monitoring data show that the local three-hour precipitation in Xiufeng District of Guilin City is 300.1 mm, and the hourly rainfall intensity is 160.6 mm, which is comparable to the "July 20" torrential rain in Zhengzhou in 2021.

　　So, how strong is the rain in Guilin? What caused this extremely heavy precipitation? What impact has it brought to the local area? Tang Qiaoyi, director of Guilin Meteorological Observatory, made an interpretation.

　　1. How strong is the rain in Guilin?

　　A: The characteristics of short-term heavy precipitation in this process are obvious, the precipitation period is particularly concentrated, and the hourly rain intensity is particularly strong. From the early morning of the 22nd to the morning, there were heavy rains and torrential rains in Guilin, and local heavy rains and torrential rains. Lingchuan, Lingui, downtown Guilin, Yongfu and Gongcheng successively issued rainstorm red warning signal.

　　According to statistics, from 5: 00 to 8: 00 on May 22, the precipitation in three hours reached 300.1 mm, and the hourly rainfall intensity reached 160.6 mm, breaking the historical record of hourly rainfall intensity in downtown Guilin.

　　Compared with the "July 20" torrential rain in Zhengzhou in 2021, a rare continuous heavy precipitation weather process occurred in Zhengzhou from 18: 00 on July 18 to 0: 00 on July 21, 2021. The maximum hourly rainfall intensity exceeded 200 mm, and the cumulative average precipitation was 449 mm. It rained for nearly a whole year in previous years in three days (the average annual precipitation in Zhengzhou was about 600 mm).

　　The average annual precipitation in Guilin is between 1800 mm and 1900 mm. As far as the extreme precipitation process in Guilin is concerned, although the daily precipitation at individual stations reached the magnitude of torrential rain and broke the record of hourly rainfall intensity, the rain can flow away quickly because of the criss-crossing rivers and ditches in Guilin, and the precipitation process was mainly concentrated in the early morning to 10: 00, and then the rainfall intensity began to weaken and the urban waterlogging quickly receded, so the harm of this extreme precipitation process to Guilin was far less serious than that in Zhengzhou.

　　2. What caused this extremely heavy precipitation?

　　A: From the early morning of the 22nd to the morning, the extremely heavy precipitation weather in the north-central part of Guilin was mainly affected by the shear line, the low-level southwest jet and the weak cold air.

　　The shear line convergence is relatively strong, which provides dynamic conditions for heavy precipitation; The southwest jet in the lower level is strong, which provides unstable energy and sufficient water vapor source for heavy precipitation.

　　What is important is that during this process, the cold air in the north and the warm and humid jet in the southwest confronted each other in northern Guangxi, and the two sides were "unable to win or lose" for a while, which led to the slow movement of the weather system and the long stay of convective clouds in northern Guangxi, thus bringing about continuous heavy precipitation.

　　3. What is the impact of this extremely heavy precipitation?

　　A: This rain has a great impact on the urban area of Guilin. There has never been such a big extremely short-term heavy precipitation process in the urban area before. Affected by heavy precipitation, Guilin city was seriously waterlogged, traffic on some sections was interrupted, and local schools were suspended.

　　In response to this heavy precipitation process, the Guilin Meteorological Observatory released meteorological service information the day before, that is, on the morning of May 21st, to remind you to guard against this weather process. In the early morning of the 22nd, the duty room of Guilin Meteorological Observatory was busy, with the leaders in charge leading the way, and all business personnel on duty, paying close attention to the weather evolution trend. At 2: 05, a yellow warning signal for lightning was issued, a blue warning signal for gale was issued at 4: 17, an orange warning signal for rainstorm was issued at 4: 45, and the first rainstorm red warning signal this year was updated at 5: 32.

　　At 5: 55, according to the meteorological early warning and flood development trend of Guilin Meteorological Observatory, Guilin Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters launched Class IV emergency response to flood disaster. We made a phone call to the local party and government leaders’ mobile phones, to the duty room of the emergency bureau, and to every street office affected … … The latest forecast and early warning information is sent to the city, county, township and village levels through multiple channels at the first time, which provides support for flood control emergency command and dispatch, mass transfer organization and leadership decision-making.

　　Municipal Water Conservancy Bureau, Hydrological Center, Natural Resources Bureau, Urban Management Committee, Education Bureau, etc. all perform their duties and cooperate with each other. The local authorities strictly implemented the requirement of "everything must stop" and organized schools to suspend classes in time to avoid risks. According to the Guilin Evening News, as of 10: 00 on the 22nd, a total of 371 schools in downtown Guilin were closed, involving 139,813 students.

　　4. What will the local precipitation be like in the future?

　　A: At noon on the 22nd, the heavy precipitation clouds were far away from Guilin, and the impact on the urban area tended to end. Guilin Meteorological Observatory cancelled the orange rainstorm warning signal at 12: 51 on the 22nd and the yellow lightning warning signal at 14: 45.

　　It is expected that the weather in Guilin will be mainly cloudy on the 23 rd; There was a shower on the 24th; There will be showers on the 25th, and there may be some heavy rain, but the precipitation intensity will not be as strong as this precipitation process on the 22nd.

　　Influenced by the underlying surface, the precipitation in Guilin is obviously localized, so it is necessary to pay attention to the floods in small and medium-sized rivers and urban waterlogging caused by local heavy precipitation in flood season. It is particularly important to note that there are many karst landforms in Guilin, and if precipitation is superimposed in the later period, there is a greater risk of disasters such as flash floods, mudslides and landslides.

　　The public should pay attention to prevent short-term heavy rainfall, thunderstorms, hail and other strong convective weather, and the power, transportation, tourism and other industries should guard against its adverse effects.

Wen | Jiashipai fish is not a fish.

In our impression, American car manufacturers don’t seem to be very active in treating real sports cars. Detroit’s Big Three have had many classic muscle cars and small carriages in history, but there are very few sports cars in a narrow sense. Although both Ford GT and Dodge Viper have made a blockbuster, the former has only been revived for two or three years, while the latter has been discontinued for two or three years, and there is still no sign that it will continue to be updated. The historical accumulation can not be compared with Porsche 911, or even as long as Nissan Z series.

But there is also an exception, that is, Chevrolet’s Corvette.

In fact, Corvette is probably the oldest car in the world. The first generation of Corvette appeared as early as 1953, which was better than the other two senior Nameplate— — 9/11 and Mustang were 11 years earlier. Since then, Corvette has produced seven generations without interruption, and the eighth generation will be launched next year.

The 2019 Chevrolet Corvette I test-drive this time is the last model of the 7th generation Corvette(C7). The version is Corvette Stingray Coupe, that is, the power is the basic model of natural inhalation, and the car body is Targa Top created by 911. The carbon fiber hardtop can be disassembled manually, and behind the detachable hardtop is a high roll cage, so it is more like a semi-convertible feeling after opening.

At first glance, you can feel that Corvette is obviously different from Camaro, which belongs to Chevrolet. Corvette’s body is much lower, and the height of the car is only 1234 mm. Although the 6 th generation Camaro has lowered the body in order to get closer to the sports car, the height of the car is still 1350 mm. At the same time, Corvette is much shorter, the length of the car is only 4493mm, which is nearly 300mm less than that of Comalo. The low car height and short body, combined with a large car width (1877mm), give this car a tight feeling of lying on the ground. On the other hand, Corvette’s posture is more backward, which is very similar to the GT model like Ferrari 812 Superfast.

The feeling of driving this car is actually more like a GT than a sports car.

Why do you say that? First of all, although this car has a huge displacement — — Although it is only a V8, it has 6.2 liters, and the maximum horsepower of 461 horses is not low, but this car will not make people feel particularly "sporty" or "fast".

Just looking at the technical parameters of the chassis, you may think that this car has a very good sports foundation.

The first is the layout of front center and rear drive. This layout, in which the engine is placed between the front axle and the driver but driven by the rear wheel, is generally considered as one of the most balanced and maneuverable automobile layouts. This is the layout of Honda S2000. The 7th generation Corvette does have a 50: 50 front and rear axle weight distribution.

The suspension structure does not hold back at all, and its front and rear suspensions are generally considered to be the most suitable double wishbone structure for sports cars. In addition, Corvette’s unique point is that its front and rear suspension damping mechanism is not a coil spring, but a Leaf Spring.

Generally speaking, leaf springs are generally used on trucks because they are harder and have poor shock absorption effect, but they are more rigid and have stronger load-bearing capacity.

However, Corvette’s spring has several major differences: first, it is single-layer rather than multi-layer; Secondly, its material is not steel, but fiber reinforced plastic, which is much lighter than steel plate under the same strength; Finally, it is arranged horizontally rather than vertically, running through the whole axial direction, which can not only reduce vibration in the vertical direction, instead of spiral spring, but also play the role of transverse anti-roll bar. This damping system is considered to greatly reduce unsprung weight, thus improving handling. In fact, this kind of damping structure is also called Corvette Leaf Spring— — Corvette leaf spring.

However, its real sports performance experience is not as beautiful as the technical data said.

In fact, the feeling of driving, the rear of this car is very unstable. First of all, it still shows a certain tail flick in the corner, which makes it feel difficult to control. Secondly, its suspension seems to be a little too soft, its travel is too long, its movement is still slow, and the ups and downs of its body posture will be obvious, and it also lacks confidence because of too little road feeling. Finally, although many lightweight designs are used and the figure is not big, its weight still reaches 1.6 tons because of the excessive displacement of the 6.2-liter engine. Although this figure itself is not too high, it is particularly cumbersome to cooperate with the body that is not stable enough. There is always a feeling of dragging one’s ass around the corner quickly, which is easy to make people panic.

In addition, although its steering virtual position is very small, and the steering wheel has a small width, these are closer to a good steering feel. But on the other hand, its direction is not particularly clear, the steering ratio seems to be a little small, and it will not make people feel particularly easy to control.

And the displacement of 6.2 liters, although it is already the largest displacement among hundreds of cars I have driven, is not fast.

This aspect is the problem of vehicle orientation — — Its sound insulation is good, and the suspension is stable and comfortable at high speed cruising, which leads to its weak sense of speed.

On the other hand, it is the problem of dynamic response — — GM’s 8AT gearbox has a good shift comfort, and there is no obvious setback in fierce driving, but the downshift action is obviously a little slow. It takes one second to think about it when stepping on the accelerator. The exercise mode will be better, but the improvement will be limited.

The only thing that makes the whole car feel passionate enough is the sound of the engine.

In fact, the sound of S2000 and Bosxter are also very good, but compared with this 6.2-liter LT1, it is still slightly inferior. With the advantages of displacement and cylinder number, it is still more detailed and vigorous. What makes people want to stop most is its backfire sound. I don’t know whether it is because of the design of exhaust or something. This car is prone to backfire sound. Just step on the accelerator a little deeper and then take it all away. Sometimes it will sound several times in a row, even when it is ignited. It seems that there is a temper in exquisiteness.

Excluding the sound, just looking at the driving pleasure, it is actually obviously not as good as many cheaper cars, such as Honda S2000, Ford Mustang, BMW 2 Series, and even Subaru Impreza.

So I don’t like this car? Not really.

It’s probably the most comfortable sports car I’ve ever driven for high-speed cruising. That’s why I say it’s more like a smaller GT. Corvette’s chassis is neither as hard as Bosxter nor as dynamic as S2000. This suspension is like a typical American adjustment — — It is soft and the journey is long enough, so it is comfortable enough, and the big ditch will not have excessive impact; The gasket is made of enough materials to look thick. However, because the rebound damping of the suspension is relatively large, the movement is slow, and it feels that it can hold the car body, which is more stable.

And its sound insulation is also quite excellent, especially when driving beyond the legal speed limit in the United States. On the one hand, the rigidity of the car body is good, on the other hand, the 8-speed gearbox is matched with a large-displacement engine with good low torque, and the speed ratio is set low enough. At 130 km/h, the gearbox is in the seventh gear, and the engine is only 1000 rpm. Although the engine is not particularly passionate at high speed, the torque at medium and low speed is quite good. Everyday driving overtaking, lightly stepping on the accelerator, there is enough power without downshifting, and it is very easy to drive.

In addition, its sitting posture is also very comfortable. Although the sitting posture is very low and very backward, it will be more difficult to sit in. But after sitting in it, you can find that the ergonomic design and seat material are comfortable enough, and they are also open and unyielding. I have been driving for 4 hours without any discomfort, which is much more comfortable than Porsche Boxter. The only slot point is that for people who are a little taller, because the roof is too low, the upper edge of the windshield will obviously block the line of sight.

So will I buy this car? It seems unlikely.

The price of this car is not cheap. The starting price of $56,000 in the United States is only 10% cheaper than that of Porsche Bosxter, and after all, the brand, design and interior and exterior workmanship are not as high-end as the latter — — Although the leather and stitching of the interior of American cars are not low-grade, they still have a little flavor. At the same time, although the horsepower is greater, both the power feeling and the control feeling are far behind, and it is not a car that can make people enjoy the feeling of driving too fast.

The place that can make it more like a duck to water is actually Autobahn in Germany. When you really drive 160 km/h or even 200 km/h just to get to your destination faster, this Corvette is relaxed, stable, quiet and comfortable enough, and it can really make the eighth gear useful. But embarrassingly, because of the strict emission, fuel consumption and displacement restrictions in Europe, its price in Europe is very expensive — — It is more than 50% more expensive than Bosxter, which makes it equally uncompetitive.

It’s not easy to say I love you!

Figure | Fish is not a fish

Overseas & inciting

The European Union announced the Chip Act, which plans to significantly increase the share of chip production.

On February 8, local time, the European Commission announced the Chip Act, which has attracted much attention from the outside world, and plans to greatly increase the EU’s share of chip production in the world. According to the bill, the EU will invest more than 43 billion euros in public and private funds to support chip production, pilot projects and start-ups. Among them, 11 billion euros will be used to strengthen existing research, development and innovation to ensure the deployment of advanced semiconductor tools and experimental production lines for prototype design and testing. By 2030, the EU plans to increase its share of global chip production from the current 10% to 20%. (CCTV News)

LG New Energy plans to increase the production capacity of the Michigan plant by five times.

According to reports, the Holland City Council of Michigan recently approved the tax reduction plan for LG New Energy, the world’s second largest battery manufacturer, to invest and expand its local factory. As a result, most local taxes and state taxes will be exempted from the factory for 20 years. According to the business plan submitted by South Korean battery giant LG New Energy to Holland, LG plans to spend 1.7 billion US dollars (about 10.82 billion yuan) to make the annual battery production capacity of local factories reach 25GWh by 2025, which is 5 times higher than the current 5GWh. (Sina Technology)

Austrian anti-monopoly court "gives a green light" to Facebook’s acquisition of animation platform Giphy.

According to reports, an anti-monopoly court in Austria conditionally approved Facebook’s acquisition of Giphy, an animation platform. This is good for Facebook. Earlier, the British antitrust regulator said that Facebook must sell Giphy because the deal will not be conducive to competition in social media platforms and display advertising. In 2020, Facebook acquired Giphy for $315 million and integrated it with its Instagram. (Sina Technology)

Frontier Airlines and Spirit Airlines announced the merger.

On February 7, local time, Frontier Airlines and Spirit Airlines, the two largest low-cost airlines in the United States, agreed to merge, which will become the fifth largest airline in the United States. According to reports, according to the merger agreement, the transaction is worth 6.6 billion US dollars, Frontier Airlines will own 51.5% of the shares of the merged company, while Spirit Airlines will own the remaining 48.5%. At present, the name of the merged airline, the candidate for CEO and the location of the airline headquarters are still uncertain. (CCTV News)

Apple acquires AI Music, an AI music company in London.

According to reports, Apple acquired a London startup called AI Music, which uses AI technology to generate customized music. AI Music was established in 2016 and the acquisition transaction has been completed in recent weeks. Before the transaction, AI Music had about 20 employees. AI Music uses royalty-free music and AI technology to create customized music. Its original intention is to make dynamic audio tracks based on user interaction. For example, in a video game concert, the music can be adjusted according to the intensity during exercise according to the mood changes. (Sina Technology)

Company & Dynamic

Softbank announced that it would terminate the sale of ARM to NVIDIA and prepare for IPO.

Softbank Group announced that on February 8, 2022, the company and NVIDIA agreed to terminate the previous agreement on the sale of ARM and prepare for the initial public offering (IPO) of ARM. Softbank said that according to the agreement reached on September 13, 2020, the deposit of $1.25 billion paid by NVIDIA to Softbank will not be refunded and will be included in the profit in the fourth quarter of this fiscal year. In addition, Softbank and ARM will prepare for ARM’s IPO in FY 2022 (as of March 31, 2023) respectively. (Phoenix Net Technology)

Anke biotechnology: It is planned to buy back shares for 40 million yuan to 60 million yuan.

Anke biotechnology announced that the company intends to use its own funds to buy back some shares of the company by centralized bidding, and all the repurchased shares will be used to implement equity incentive or employee stock ownership plan. The repurchase amount is not less than 40 million yuan and not more than 60 million yuan, and the repurchase price is not more than 12 yuan/share.

Haitong Securities: It is expected that A-shares will be dominated by structural market.

Haitong Securities pointed out that the domestic economic prosperity has dropped slightly, the policy of steady growth is expected to continue to heat up, overseas markets generally pick up during the long holiday, and the A-share market is expected to stabilize and rebound. Since the beginning of the year, the risk appetite in the A-share market has continued to weaken due to the tightening expectation of overseas monetary policy and the risk aversion factors before the capital festival. Before the Federal Reserve’s meeting on interest rates in March, it is expected that A-shares will still be dominated by structural market. However, the overall valuation of A-shares is reasonable, and the "steady growth" policy will be fully exerted, focusing on industries such as real estate, building materials, home appliances and construction that typically benefit from the "steady growth" policy, as well as new infrastructure such as wind power and photovoltaic. (CBN)

CICC: It is estimated that the price of industrial silicon may be high before and low after 2022.

The research report of CICC believes that the price of industrial silicon may rebound after the year, and we are optimistic about the market in 2022. Industrial silicon will face a shortage after consuming the previous inventory, and the price may go up again. In the second half of the year, the shortage of the industry will be greatly alleviated due to the commissioning of the 400,000-ton project of Hesheng Shanshan. On the whole, it is estimated that the price of industrial silicon may be high before and low after 2022. In the next five years, polysilicon (demand CAGR+20%) and silicone (CAGR+9%) will promote the rapid growth of industrial silicon demand, and the industry has long-term growth value. (Securities Times)

Founder Securities: The performance of upstream and middle enterprises in the military industry chain is expected to take the lead in welcoming a new round of growth.

Founder Securities Research Report believes that the upstream enterprises in the military industrial chain and some enterprises in the middle reaches of the industrial chain have short production cycle and early revenue recognition, and their performance first reflects the prosperity of the industry. Their downstream customers are scattered and their supply is relatively concentrated, with strong bargaining power and less pressure to reduce prices. In the short term, the prosperity of the military industry will continue in 2022, and the performance of enterprises in the middle and upper reaches of the military industry chain is expected to take the lead in welcoming a new round of growth, or it will be reflected in the first quarterly report; In the medium and long term, China’s military industry will continue to be in a high boom stage in the "14 th Five-Year Plan", and the performance of middle and upper reaches of military enterprises is expected to continue to grow rapidly. (Securities Times)

Guotai Junan: It is expected that the price of lithium will continue to rise after the Spring Festival.

Guotai Junan pointed out that the price of lithium plate continued to rise. Due to the approach of the Spring Festival, logistics stopped gradually last week, and new trading orders stopped one after another, with few transactions, but only a small amount of quotations have been raised to more than 390,000 yuan/ton of battery-grade lithium carbonate. Spot transaction price list: battery-grade lithium carbonate is 370,000-375,000 yuan/ton, industrial-grade lithium carbonate is about 360,000 yuan/ton, and battery-grade lithium hydroxide is 300,000-330,000 yuan/ton (with the increase). It is expected that the price will continue to rise after the Spring Festival, and it is optimistic that the transaction price of mainstream lithium will reach 400,000 yuan/ton in February. (CBN)

Capital & Venture Capital

The customized graphene product R&D supplier "Morui Technology" has completed over 100 million yuan in Series B financing.

Recently, Morui Technology, a customized graphene product R&D supplier, announced that it has completed the B round of financing of over 100 million yuan. The two rounds of financing were led by Chendao Capital and Yuexiu Industrial Fund respectively, and Potential Energy Capital served as the exclusive financial advisor for several consecutive rounds. Zhao Hongzhong, CEO of Morui Technology, said that this round of financing funds will be used for production line construction, product research and development and business development.

DaaS software manufacturer "Maicong Software" received tens of millions of yuan in Pre-A round of financing.

Maicong Software, a DaaS (Data as a Service) software manufacturer, has recently received tens of millions of Pre-A rounds of financing, with joint investment from Dark Horse Fund and Aggregate Capital. According to founder Cheng Zhiguo, this round of financing is mainly used for upgrading the bottom of technology, further expanding product lines, ecological construction and marketing.

The medical digital product platform "Yimai Medical" won tens of millions of yuan in Series A financing.

Recently, the medical digital product platform "Yimai Medical" completed tens of millions of series A financing, which was led by Shangyuan Capital and followed by CITIC Venture Capital; The team invested about 10 million yuan. This round of financing is mainly used to improve the whole series of orthopedic product lines, marketing and promotion.

The unmanned retail brand "Feng E Zu Shi" completed 300 million yuan A round of financing.

The unmanned retail operator "Feng E Zu Shi" (Fengyi Technology Co., Ltd.) has completed a round of financing of 300 million yuan. This round of financing was led by SoftBank Ventures Asia, followed by CICC Cultural Consumer Industry Equity Investment Fund under CICC Capital and Shenzhen Innovation Investment Group. After this round of financing, SF related party Mingde Holdings and Softbank Asia tied for the largest shareholder. The financing funds will be mainly used for accelerating scale growth, improving operational efficiency and service quality.

The industrial software enterprise "Huatian Software" completed hundreds of millions of yuan in Series C financing.

The industrial software company "Huatian Software" recently announced the completion of the C round of financing of nearly 400 million yuan. This round of financing was led by Junlian Capital, followed by many investment institutions such as Fengnian Capital, Huakong Fund, Lingang Venture Capital, Hetian Fund, Huayi Venture Capital, Qingsong Capital and Electric Capital. This round of financing is mainly used for continuous investment in research and development of high-end 3D CAD products and investment in global marketing layout.

It seems that the dual-clutch gearbox has always had a bad reputation in the market, saying that it is all kinds of setbacks, and then the low-speed shift is irregular, and there are some design defects and some ghosts. Actually, I agree with you.

Although the dual clutch does bring some uncomfortable experiences at low speed, it also has its own outstanding advantages, such as high shift efficiency and fast shift speed, and makes the power almost seamlessly connected. However, there are also wet and dry types in powershift. Generally speaking, the wet type will be better, because the heat dissipation will be better, and it will not prompt the gearbox to overheat and then start the overheating protection because of a little intense driving …

Because of the special structure system and logical thinking of the dual clutch, it still needs some skills to be "comfortable" when driving a dual clutch vehicle. Let me give the dual clutch a wave of "rehabilitation".

Don’t let the clutch whine

Many owners of dual clutch gearboxes complain that their dual clutches are easily broken, but most of them are caused by improper use. For example, when stopping at a red light, many car owners like to step on the brakes, and then the car stops, just fine. The brakes are not stepped to the end. In fact, this is very burning the clutch plate, which is equivalent to the manual car stepping on the brakes without stepping on the clutch. Originally, the clutch plate was replaced about 80 thousand kilometers, and then the clutch plate of 50 thousand kilometers was GG.

Make more use of neutral position

Many old drivers like to stop and step on the foot brake, which is very irrational and even stupid. N-block is for you to stop for a short time. Others are good to say. If the vehicles in powershift keep stepping on the brakes when parking, the loss of your vehicles will be much greater than others. So it’s always right to park in N gear and be diligent.

Remember to step on the brake to the end.

If you change gears frequently in traffic jam, it will be troublesome, so I will teach you a method, that is, brake to the end, so that the clutch plate will loosen, because the computer has detected that you have to park.

Don’t worry about starting.

Many car owners who drive dual clutch vehicles often report that when they start in D gear, they don’t understand when they step on the accelerator. This is because the clutch plate will have 0.7 seconds to engage in the semi-clutch state after you put it in gear, so the engine will idle before stepping on the accelerator, and the best way is to wait for the idle speed to bring the car up before stepping on the accelerator.

Try to avoid low-speed peristalsis

Many times, when a female driver with dual clutch stops in the basement, the temperature of the gearbox is too high and she needs to stop to dissipate heat because of moving the car for a long time. That’s because the clutch plates are always in a state of semi-linkage. If the friction time is too long, the protection mechanism will be activated. Therefore, when driving a dual-clutch car at a low speed, it must be wretched and don’t wave.

　　[Global Network Military Report on May 7] According to a report on the website of the US Army Times on May 4, the US Navy "Seals" commandos who died in Iraq on the 3 rd were members of a rapid reaction force. Their task was to pick up a US military operational advisory group that was attacked by "Islamic State" militants in the Kurdish region of Iraq. At 7: 50 in the morning, after receiving the report of "the troops were attacked", the US military commander ordered the rapid reaction unit where the special forces staff sergeant Charlie Keating was located to join the battle and assist those US military advisers to evacuate. When Keating and his troops arrived in the village, they found that Kurdish armed forces and American military advisers were engaged in fierce melee with the enemy.

　　A national defense official said on the 3rd that at 7: 30 in the morning, about 125 "Islamic State" militants suddenly attacked the town of Taylor Askov.The militants acted in groups, with 20 armored vehicles and several car bombs, trapping more than 10 US military operational advisers. These consultants were on a one-day mission in the local area at that time, meeting with Kurdish a freedom fighter militants who had several operational outposts near the area controlled by the Islamic State.

　　"There were bullets everywhere," said Colonel steve warren, a spokesman for the US Department of Defense in Baghdad. He (Keating) was hit in this gun battle. " Warren said that Keating was shot at 9: 30 am that day, and was taken by helicopter to the US military medical center in nearby Abiel for treatment at 10: 19 am, but died shortly after.

　　Warren said that it is very rare to use the rapid reaction force in Iraq. The battle on the 3rd was the first time in several months that an American army called for emergency operations support. Keating, 31, is the third American soldier killed in Iraq since the US-led Coalition forces began to fight against the "Islamic State". At present, the US military is sending more ground troops to combat the "Islamic State" in Iraq and Syria.

　　The US military operational advisory group entered the town of Taylor Askov at dawn. The town is less than 5 miles (1 mile is about 1.6 kilometers) from the area controlled by the "Islamic State". Warren said that the U.S. military commander had ordered the rapid reaction force to assemble and stand by in advance in case the U.S. military "advice and assistance" team was in danger.

　　The "Islamic State" militants and their convoy of 20 vehicles entered the area without the knowledge of US military consultants and Kurdish armed intelligence personnel. Warren said, "You can’t monitor every inch of land all the time."

　　Warren said: "The enemy was able to gather enough troops in a very secret way, including several car bombs and some bulldozers, and of course their infantry. They were able to cross the local Kurdish armed defense line, cross the front line and advance rapidly to the town of Taylor Askov. There is their goal. "

　　The photos of the battle posted by the "Islamic State" on social media show that its militants drove several American Hummer military vehicles equipped with simple armor and a modified pickup truck equipped with heavy anti-aircraft machine guns. Warren said that there is no evidence that the "Islamic State" militants knew that there were Americans in the town when they launched the attack.

　　Warren said that shortly after the fighting started, American planes arrived over the town of Taylor Askov, including drones, F-15s and F-16s, several B-52s and A-10s. These planes dropped dozens of bombs, destroying all 20 armored vehicles of the "Islamic State" militants, as well as two cars, a bulldozer and three mortars. According to Warren’s estimation, 58 "Islamic State" militants were killed in the air raid.

◎ Author/Shandong Zhongyang Real Estate Development Group Co., Ltd. Wang Xihao; Copyright belongs to the author.

Expertise: apartment design and optimization, cost control optimization, film.

01order

At present, the real estate industry has entered the era of small profits. Real estate regulation and control policies such as "three red lines" and "centralized land reform" have deleveraged real estate and removed its financial attributes, resulting in increased costs, difficult financing, low fault tolerance rate and reduced profit rate to less than 6%.

By benchmarking Country Garden, Vanke and other head real estate companies, this paper makes a detailed and systematic data calculation, analysis and comparison and careful study from four aspects: cost control ideas, cost measurement indicators, specific measures and control conclusions. The specific research and application analysis are as follows:

02The purpose and thinking of cost control

First, the purpose and necessity of cost control:

Through the measures of increasing efficiency, reducing cost and marketing and packaging, the differentiated competition of products can be realized, so as to generate premium benefits, enhance the value and quality of products, further improve the core competitiveness of enterprises, and shape the recognition and brand image of enterprises.

Real estate benefit settlement is dynamic, lagging and long-term. Is a project profitable and how much is it? Only after the development and sales are completed will you know. Therefore, according to the existing project situation, learn the experience of cost control of other real estate to prevent the cost from being wasted or exceeding the standard.

Second, the idea of cost control:

Increase efficiency, reduce cost and enhance product value;

(1) Optimize and reduce structural and functional costs.

(2) Reduce invalid costs.

(3) Increase reasonable and effective costs in sensitive areas that customers pay attention to.

Third, the impact of cost control at each time stage on the overall cost:

1. The stage of land acquisition, planning and design planning affects 70% of the total cost, which belongs to prior control.

2. During the recruitment and construction stage, it affects 25% of the total cost, which belongs to the matter control.

3. The carry-over and settlement stage of completion data affects 5% of the total cost, which belongs to post-event control.

03Cost measurement index

A, the development of total cost index and proportion:

1. Land cost: According to the current 4 million/mu, the plot ratio is 2.0, and the floor cost is about 3090 yuan/m2 (4 million *1.03 (deed tax) /666.67/2), accounting for 40% of the total cost.

For every 1 million mu of land, the cost will increase by about 770 yuan/㎡.

2. Jian ‘an cost: 2,000 yuan/㎡ for high-rise buildings, accounting for 26% of the total cost.

3. Supporting fee: 400 yuan/㎡, accounting for 5% of the total cost.

4. Administrative expenses: 500 yuan/㎡, accounting for 6% of the total cost.

5. Land use tax: 9 yuan/m2 * 50 years /2.0=220 yuan/m2, accounting for 3% of the total cost.

6. Tax: the sales price (8,000 yuan temporarily) *11%=880 yuan/㎡, accounting for 12% of the total cost.

7. Marketing expenses: the sales price (temporarily 8,000 yuan) *2.5%=200 yuan/㎡, accounting for 3% of the total cost.

8. Financial expenses: (2-5, 6, 8) *10%=320 yuan/㎡, accounting for 4% of the total cost.

9. Unforeseen expenses: 100 yuan/㎡, accounting for 1% of the total cost.

10、The above total cost: about 7600 yuan/㎡. Among them, the cost of land and construction and installation accounts for 66%. If the land price is 3 million/mu, the total cost of development is 6,800 yuan/m2.

Second, the construction cost (1-5 controllable) cost index and proportion:

1. Reinforcement: The cost per square meter is about 300 yuan/㎡, accounting for 15% of the construction and installation cost.

2. Commercial concrete: the cost per square meter is about 280 yuan/㎡, accounting for 14% of the construction and installation cost.

3. Exterior wall decoration and thermal insulation: the cost per square meter is about 150 yuan/㎡, accounting for 8% of the construction and installation cost.

4. External window: The cost per square meter is about 100 yuan/㎡, accounting for 5% of the construction and installation cost.

5. Elevator: The cost per square meter is about 45 yuan/㎡, accounting for 2% of the construction and installation cost.

6. Measures cost (including scaffolding, tower crane, formwork, vertical transportation, etc.): The cost per square meter is about 300 yuan/㎡, accounting for 15% of the construction and installation cost.

7. Others: earthwork, fire protection, electricity, water supply and drainage, heating and ventilation, etc.

Third, the height and other cost indicators, the impact on the calculation of Jian ‘an cost

1, the height of the impact on the cost:

(1) For a 17F residential building, for every 0.1m increase in the storey height, the corresponding installation and installation cost will increase by about 2-3% (the steel content will increase by about 1kg/㎡; The concrete content is increased by about 0.01m3/㎡ m2, etc.).

(2) For every 0.1m increase in story height, the construction and installation cost will increase by about 30~50 yuan/㎡ (the higher the material price, the greater the impact).

2. Influence of steel content on cost：

(1), steel cost index:

(1) the average high-rise residential 17F steel content is about 40-58kg/㎡; The steel content of underground garage is about 120-160kg/㎡.

(2) if the purchase price of steel bars is 5000 yuan/ton, it will be about 6000 yuan/ton after charging.

③ The cost index of steel content per square meter of residence is 240-330 yuan/square meter (accounting for 12-17% of Jian ‘an cost).

④ The cost index of the steel content per square meter of the garage is 720-960 yuan/square meter (accounting for 28-37% of the garage construction and installation cost).

(2) Influence of steel content on Jian ‘an cost:

① When the steel content increases by 1kg per square meter, the construction and installation cost will increase by about 6 yuan/㎡ (the higher the steel bar price, the greater the cost will be).

(2) The purchase price of steel bars increases by 1000 yuan/ton, and the construction and installation cost increases by 50 yuan/㎡.

3, including commercial concrete:

(1), including commercial concrete quantity cost index:

(1) the general high-rise residential 17F concrete content is about 0.4-0.5 cubic meters/㎡, and the underground garage concrete content is about 1.5-2.0 cubic meters/㎡.

(2) If the supply price of commercial concrete is 500 yuan/Fang, it will be about 600 yuan/Fang after the fixed fee.

③ Cost index of concrete content per square meter of residence: 240-300 yuan/square meter (accounting for 12-15% of construction and installation cost).

④ The cost index of concrete content per square meter of the garage is: 900-1,200 yuan/square meter (accounting for 35-46% of the garage construction and installation cost).

(2) Influence of commercial concrete content on Jian ‘an cost:

(1) the content of commercial concrete increases by 0.01 cubic meters per square meter, and the construction and installation cost increases by about 6 yuan/㎡ (the higher the material price, the greater the impact on the increased cost). (2) The purchase price of commercial concrete increases by 100 yuan/㎡, and the construction and installation cost increases by 50 yuan/㎡.

4, window to ground ratio:

(1) For general 17F high-rise residential buildings, the window-to-floor ratio is about 0.16-0.31. Based on the calculation of 600 yuan/㎡ of aluminum alloy window with three glasses and two cavities, the floor cost index of external window is about 96-180 yuan/㎡ (accounting for 5-9% of Jian ‘an cost).

(2) For every 0.01 increase in the window-to-ground ratio, the construction and installation cost will increase by about 6 yuan/㎡.

5. Garage and soil covering

(1) For every 0.1m height increase in the underground garage, the reinforcement will be increased by 3-5kg/㎡ and the concrete will be increased by 0.02-0.03m3/㎡； ㎡; Jian ‘an costs about 30-50 yuan/m2.

(2) For every 0.1m increase in the covering soil on the garage roof, the steel content will increase by 1.5-2kg/㎡, and the concrete will increase by 0.015m/㎡ accordingly; Jian ‘an cost increases by about 18-20 yuan/㎡.

6, saleable ratio ()

(1) saleable area: including residential buildings (including bottom businesses) and other saleable areas.

(2) Non-saleable area: parking space, property room, basement, mezzanine, overhead floor, garbage room, police room, kindergarten, equipment room and other supporting areas and gift areas.

(3) Calculated value of head housing enterprises: For every 1% increase in the saleable ratio, the construction cost of Jian ‘an will be saved by about 50 yuan/㎡.

04

Specific measures of cost control

First, reduce invalid costs

1, the concept of invalid cost

Invalid cost is an unstructured and unnecessary cost that does not play an effective role in enhancing product value and promoting marketing, and cannot gain customer recognition and attention. Ineffective cost accounts for about 1-2% of Jian ‘an cost, and the cost per square meter affects 20-30 yuan/㎡.

2. Case measures to reduce invalid costs:

(1) Decorative treatment of air conditioning grille.

The enclosed area inside the air-conditioning grille is the customer’s non-sensitive area, and it is enclosed by the air-conditioning grille, and residents rarely enter it. The practice of real stone paint can be changed to ordinary paint (the current practice of Country Garden).

Taking the project under review as an example, the interior decoration of air-conditioning grille can save the cost: 800 square meters *40 yuan/m2 (price difference) = 32,000 yuan/building.

(2) The garage ceiling is not treated or painted.

The ceiling of the underground garage is a customer’s non-sensitive area, which can’t display well. Moreover, it is blocked by fire fighting, smoke exhaust pipes, bridges and other facilities. Secondly, latex paint or paint is easy to peel off when it is wet for a long time. If the cost of using mildew-proof coating is higher, the surface putty and coating are cancelled, or spray painting treatment is adopted, which will not affect its structural use function.

Take the current project under review as an example, the top of the garage is sprayed with latex paint of 15-18 yuan/㎡, and the area of the garage (including the beam side) is about 25,000 square meters. If it is not treated, the cost will be saved by about 375,000-450,000 yuan; If spray painting treatment is adopted, the cost will be saved by about 120,000-200,000 yuan/phase I garage.

Second, optimize and reduce structural and functional costs

With the soaring land price, the cost of land and construction and installation accounts for more than 66% of the total cost. The product positioning and design scheme in the early stage largely determines the direct profit and loss of the project. Optimize the product line, so that the positioning of the designed products can match the needs of customers. The highest goal is that customers take the initiative to buy products, rather than taking products to find customers.

1. Optimization and cost reduction measures in the planning and design stage (affecting the overall cost by more than 70%):

The main principles are: optimization, benchmarking, quota, adaptation and refinement.

(1) In the planning stage, the most profitable planning layout and product line (the products of high-rise buildings and villas have the highest profitability) are issued through the benefit comparison of various schemes.

(2) Optimize the building shape coefficient: The more complex the building shape, the more concavities and convexities, the larger the external area of the facade, the more complex the structure, and the higher the corresponding cost. Huxing design should be symmetrical and reduce too many concave and convex levels.

(3) Optimizing structural selection and shear wall layout: The structural layout with more short-leg shear walls has a higher impact on the cost.

(4) For the cost index limits such as steel content and commercial concrete content: design internal horizontal comparison, and externally benchmark the head real estate data such as Vanke and Country Garden (the steel content cost index of the same type of drawings in the market can be different to 5-10kg/m2).

(5) Optimize and reduce the window-to-wall ratio: reduce the window area in the north direction and increase the height of the window sill in the south direction (meet the vertical fire-proof spacing and avoid using fire-proof windows). Reducing the window-to-floor ratio is beneficial to energy saving and cost reduction. Door and window frame optimization (reducing the number of window frames).

(6) Reasonably control the type and proportion of the donated area (because the donated area is not saleable, but it is included in the construction and installation cost at the time of settlement), and try to avoid:

1, the proportion of the plane is too high.

2. Large-area nonfunctional overhead floor or negative equipment floor design.

3, a large area of internal transformation, especially a large area of empty patch.

4. Design the stolen area by transforming the facade.

5. Try to use equipment platforms, balconies, bay windows, etc. to give away the area, and control the proportion.

(7) Improve parking efficiency of underground garage: strictly control the pool area of underground parking spaces, and save 30 yuan/㎡ for every unit of parking efficiency.

(8) Increase the saleable ratio:

First, increase the saleable area on the ground and reduce the area of supporting houses and low-profit projects.

The second is to reduce the area of underground storage room and garage. For every 1% increase in the saleable ratio, the cost will be reduced by about 30 yuan/㎡.

(9) Elevation optimization:

(1) Reduce the complex shape of the facade: the building facade should not have too many levels and lines, which is difficult to construct and expensive. Secondly, there are too many lines (especially at the window sill). If too many polystyrene boards are used, it will become a hidden danger of water leakage in the outer window if it expands when heated and contracts when cooled for a long time.

(2) The shape of the roof should be simple: if the sloping roof is adopted, the slope of the sloping roof should be reduced, and the flower pattern and complex lines of the roof should be reduced. The cost sharing of roof modeling of multi-storey residential buildings is large.

(3) lines with a thickness of more than 150 should be poured with concrete, because the heavy rain invades and expands with heat and contracts with cold, which has the potential of falling off.

(9) Control the materials and use parts of the facade: strictly control the use of materials with high cost,

Non-sensitive and minor parts of the owner, such as the second floor above the facade, decorative lines, roof flower racks, equipment floors, etc., shall be made of lower specifications.

(10) garage optimization:

① Control the thickness of the garage cover soil, reduce the thickness of the whole cover soil layer and reduce the cost through local piling slope, and use piling slope to plant larger trees, which has a sense of hierarchy in landscape vision.

② Garage pipeline balance: increase the clear height of the garage lane to prevent cross-operation fighting and pipeline waste.

(3) Set up control centers such as water pump room and fire fighting reasonably, and reduce the length of equipment pipes, wires and cables in the most reasonable and economical position.

4 When the garage fire hydrant is arranged, it should not be arranged at the driver’s door, but should be arranged on the back of the car or on the inside of the post adjacent to the driveway.

(11) Building lobby decoration:

According to different grades of projects, the ceiling on the wall and ground in public areas such as lobby adopts different standard decoration materials to distinguish high and middle grades. Make the just-needed real estate appropriately reduce the cost.

2, material procurement stage optimization, cost reduction measures:

(1) Centralized procurement, with quantity for price.

(2) In exchange for lower material prices through strategic cooperation, based on the future estimated quantity and construction demand.

(3) Guide and cultivate long-term, stable and honest suppliers of materials.

(4) Elevator accounts for about 2% of the construction and installation cost. Customers are more concerned about the safety and quality of elevators. Reducing redundant functions and unnecessary configuration are the main measures to reduce elevator prices.

3. Optimization and cost reduction measures in the construction stage:

(1) Control the quantity and standardization of visas, reduce site changes, and construct in strict accordance with design drawings.

(2) Changes or visas required by the construction unit shall be approved for implementation after repeated confirmation and comparison.

(3) Building construction practices and techniques should be adapted and matched with the current development level of construction technology and the routine practices of engineering construction.

(4) Reduce the construction period reasonably. After the completion and warranty period are up to standard, all costs and expenses will be settled in batches according to the time nodes, and the turnover cycle of funds will be ensured by time span.

4. Optimization and cost reduction measures of garden facilities:

(1) Reduce the proportion of water features. Because of the high cost and maintenance of waterscape, it is easy to become a hidden part of water leakage, and it is not well maintained in the later stage, and deciduous dirt and mosquitoes become a sub-item.

(2) Reduce the number of nonfunctional and expensive landscape sketches such as sculptures.

(3) The proportion of hard scenes shall not exceed 30%. In the landscape cost, the hard landscape area is small, but the cost is high. According to the project quality, control the proportion of hard scene paving and increase the proportion of soft scene. Use real stone paint, tiles or other iterations to replace marble.

(4) The wall of the community is hollowed out, which makes the landscape inside and outside the community coherent and transparent, and reduces the cost.

5. Financial optimization and cost reduction measures:

(1) Accelerate the sales rhythm, quickly turn the funds, reduce the pressure of funds and increase the gross profit.

(2) Tax financial planning, and broaden financing channels.

6. Measures for optimization and cost reduction in the settlement stage:

(1) Combining with the construction technology and practice of the project site, reasonably apply relevant quotas.

(2) Strictly review and check the project visas and contracts, and review and reduce those that are inconsistent with the site or conflict with the quota.

(3) Fine calculation, combined with the construction site, to ensure the authenticity, accuracy and practicality of the calculation.

7. Optimization measures in the marketing stage:

(1) Differentiated pricing of underground parking spaces to improve overall efficiency.

According to the actual scene of the garage, respectively, for the parking spaces with advantages and disadvantages, the price of the dominant parking spaces should be increased, and the price of a few unfavorable parking spaces should be reasonably reduced, which fully reflects the difference of parking spaces’ values, promotes the balanced sales of parking spaces, and is conducive to the elimination of parking spaces and the overall premium.

1. Conditions for price increase of parking spaces:

A. Parking spaces near the elevator or the entrance of the unit.

B, independent parking spaces

C, the distance around the parking space is relatively large.

2. For a few parking spaces in unfavorable positions, appropriately reduce the selling price.

A, mini-car parking spaces, corners or locations where equipment and facilities are extremely obstructed.

B, lane end inconvenient parking spaces.

(2) Add some middle and high-end parking spaces, which will improve the overall benefit of premium.

According to the project grade, on the basis of standard parking spaces (2.4*5.3), a reasonable proportion of medium and large parking spaces (2.6-2.7 in width and 5.3-5.5 in length) will be added.

(3) By giving away a reasonable area or space, we can enhance the higher sales added value, bring more premium, and get rid of chemicals faster, so as to enhance the overall benefit.

1. Optimization of negative first floor space:

The whole negative floor or the south area is presented to the first floor (some lighting windows are added to the negative floor).

Reasons: First, it can bring the first-tier premium and raise the first-tier price; Second: when the underground garage is 3.6 meters, two-story basements must be built below the main building (high-rise), which will design a large number of underground storage rooms, which is not conducive to decontamination. Turn the storage room on the negative floor into a gift space on the negative floor, break it into whole parts and quickly remove it. Third, the storage area of the remaining negative second floor can be designed to be smaller and the total price is lower.

Benefit calculation of two schemes:

A. If the standard floor costs 8000 yuan and the first floor (without yard) costs 7800 yuan, the whole negative floor or the space on the south side will be given as an additional gift to the first floor, and the price of the first floor will be 10800 yuan, and the benefit difference will be 3000 yuan/㎡. The relative selling price of storage room is 2000 yuan/m2, which brings more benefits.

B, if the standard floor costs 8,000 yuan and the first floor (with courtyard) costs 9,800 yuan, the whole negative floor or the space on the south side will be given as an additional gift to the first floor, and the price of the first floor will be 11,800 yuan, and the benefit difference will be 0 yuan/㎡. Basically, it is almost the same as selling the storage room at a price of 2000 yuan/m 2. Double added value can’t bring more profit growth, but it will solve the problem of slow storage room.

2. Optimization of negative two-story space:

The south area of the negative second floor (which has a large space facing the living room and bedroom) is used as a parking garage to increase the price. The premium capacity of the parking garage is much higher than that of the parking space, and it is fast and limited, so customers have priority to buy it.

Third, increase reasonable and effective costs in sensitive areas that customers are concerned about.

In the sensitive parts or areas that customers pay attention to, increase reasonable effective costs, improve quality, and let customers get the best value for money, thus generating a premium and increasing benefits. In the period of high housing prices and high costs, it is not suitable for price wars. By improving quality, selling price and profit, the brand effect can be expanded, and brand promotion and secondary premium can be given by word-of-mouth effect.

1. Sensitive areas of customer concern:

(1) According to the streamline of returning home: waiting hall, lobby, garage lobby and garage entrance.

(2) According to the architectural visual concerns: community gate, unit door bucket, first floor and facade.

(3) According to the landscape visual concerns: main entrance, core landscape axis and nodes, unit entrance, group landscape nodes, and residential fence.

2, in the home streamline, increase the reasonable and effective cost:

(1) The waiting hall, the lobby on the first floor and the garage are connected to the indoor lobby, and sensitive parts are paid attention to at the first level for customers. According to the grade of the project, simple and refined decoration is adopted to improve the quality of entering the home and create a sense of belonging at home.

(2) The fire hydrant and other equipment and facilities in the waiting hall are constructed with concealed fittings to avoid inconvenient access for customers.

(3) The lines at the entrance of the garage and the gate of the community are more thick, and the ceiling should not be made of glass. The slope at the entrance should be raised appropriately, and the entrance should be illuminated by lights.

3, building facade, increase the reasonable and effective cost:

(1) Lines and shapes are added to the 1-2 floor base and unit door bucket area of the building, which enriches the details and makes it more heavy.

(2) The color matching of the facade adopts color matching to replace the division of lines or shapes (high cost). Multi-storey horizontal different color surfaces make the building more thick; High-rise buildings adopt different vertical colors, which makes the building stand tall and straight.

4, landscape, increase the effective cost.

Excellent core landscape brings high-quality on-site experience to customers and directly raises the house price.

(1) First-class landscape areas such as main entrance, core landscape axis and nodes, unit entrance, and group landscape nodes should be built with emphasis.

(2) The children’s playground is set in an open space, and the surrounding vision is wide.

(3) A fitness track is added in the secondary landscape zone (semi-private) of the community, and cultural tips are added around the track to distinguish areas, which increases the identification and interest of the space and improves the humanistic quality of the project.

(4) The right corner of the road shall be rounded to prevent trampling.

4. In terms of intelligence, increase the effective cost.

A fully intelligent identification system for the owner is composed of face recognition of the gate, face recognition of the unit door, fingerprint lock of the entrance password, license plate number recognition system of the basement and automatic induction gate, which is convenient for the owner to enter and exit without keys and Bluetooth cards.

5, garage and other supporting aspects, increase the effective cost

(1) The garage driveway is the customer’s concern area, and it is made of toughened or grinded stone floor, while others are made of solidified wear-resistant floor (epoxy floor is not recommended, because the garage is wet and not wear-resistant, and after 1-3 years, there will be problems of sanding and falling off in different degrees, which will reduce the quality).

(2) Lane lighting design, lane lights and lane guide arrows are aligned up and down, which broadens the vision of two-way lanes, makes driving light feel more comfortable and ensures driving safety.

(3) The large-scale garage is divided into zones and colors, which is easy to identify and provides a simple sense of orientation.

(4) The garage is equipped with a zebra crossing on the sidewalk to distinguish the traffic flow and pedestrian line in the underground garage, which not only guides the owner to cross the driveway safely, but also plays a role in warning the vehicles driving in the basement to speed limit.

(4) Establish a model first and a quantity exhibition area, and stimulate customers’ purchasing desire and transaction rate through case experience.

(5) Set some smart WIFI, hidden trash cans, and some direct drinking water in the outdoor public activity area, so that customers can experience differentiated services and excellent living experience with less cost and attention to details, and improve quality.

Item 4: The conclusion of cost control:

All departments and stages refine the cost control, so as to prevent in advance, control in the process and analyze afterwards, forming a closed-loop and virtuous circle of the whole process.

First, improve the cost consciousness of all staff, establish the overall situation consciousness, and fully realize the close relationship between cost and income: reducing cost means increasing efficiency.

Second, all relevant departments should cooperate with each other, strengthen cooperation, establish a whole-process and full-staff cost control system, and dig deep into cost optimization and reduction measures:

1. Plan, design, optimize and innovate iterative products.

2, construction management to ensure quality.

3. Centralized strategic procurement of materials.

4. Marketing packaging: explore the core value and increase the premium rate.

5, financial control system control.

7. The Legal Department should guard against risks.

8, the completion of the settlement strictly according to the facts.

6. The feedback data of property customer service complaints are used as experience books to form a closed loop.

The real estate competition has entered the stage of high-quality and high-value differentiated competition. At present, real estate developers should seize the challenges and opportunities, enhance the concept of value promotion and cost control, take effective management and control measures, and do fine cost management with the craftsman mentality of "wringing the last drop of water on the towel" to enhance product value and create value for customers, so as to enhance the value of products and the core competitiveness of enterprises, so as to achieve sustainable and healthy development.

Source: Pang Dong has something to say. This article has been authorized by the author. Thank you for this.

Online guests:

Director (Director) of Dali Municipal Development and Reform Commission (Price Bureau)

Zhang Jinglin, Deputy Director, Airport Intercity Railway Office, Development and Reform Commission (Price Bureau)

Zhan Jingjing, Chief of Price and Fee Section of Development and Reform Commission (Price Bureau)

Staff of Price and Fee Department of Yinhui Development and Reform Commission (Price Bureau)

Director of Development and Reform Commission of Qiaocheng District, Tang Lingyun

Director of Sunhui Qiaocheng District Price Supervision and Inspection Branch Bureau

Head of Business Unit of Development and Reform Commission (Price Bureau) in Qiaocheng District, Kong Delong

Second, the problem

(1): School fees are the focus issue recently. Please ask Director Dai to introduce the relevant policies on education fees.

A: According to the provisions of the provincial price bureau, the Education Department and other relevant departments and the authority division of the 2018 edition of the Pricing Catalogue, the fees for compulsory education (junior high schools and primary schools), public high schools and public kindergartens must be subject to the charging standards approved by the municipal price department. Fees for tuition and accommodation in public higher education must be approved by the provincial price department. The academic education fees and accommodation fees charged by private schools in senior high schools, junior high schools and primary schools shall be approved by the local price department, and the private kindergartens shall be charged with conservation education fees by the operators themselves and reported to the price education department for the record. When all schools charge fees, the price should be publicized in a prominent position in the school.

The specific requirements are as follows:

1 strictly regulate the compulsory education stage (junior high school, primary school) charging behavior.

Compulsory education stage (junior high school, primary school) only allows students to collect homework costs and escrow funds, escrow funds (teaching materials, etc.) should be collected according to the facts, the state implements compulsory education free of tuition, tuition and miscellaneous fees, and schools in rural compulsory education stage are also free of teaching materials and accommodation fees.

In the stage of urban public compulsory education, students can be charged textbook fees and homework fees according to regulations, and accommodation fees can be charged to boarding students, and other fees are not allowed to be charged.

2. Strengthen the management of ordinary high school fees.

Further supervise and inspect the implementation of the "three-limit" policy (limited number of students, limited scores and limited amount of money) cancelled by ordinary high schools, and strengthen the management of enrollment, student status and fees. In addition to charging tuition fees, homework fees and accommodation fees, public high schools are strictly forbidden to charge tuition fees, school selection fees and sponsorship fees linked to admission under various names.

3. Standardize the charging behavior of private education.

Private schools with academic qualifications should strictly implement the charging standards approved by the local price departments, and private schools should not charge students any other fees except the prescribed tuition fees, accommodation fees and escrow fees. Private kindergarten fees shall be reasonably formulated by the school according to the cost of running a school, the qualification of running a school and the grade of kindergarten, and shall be reported to the local price and education department for the record before implementation.

4. Standardize the service charges and charges on behalf of schools at all levels.

Strictly implement the state’s regulations on the management of service charges and charging items and charging standards for schools of all levels and types, and strictly prohibit items that have been explicitly prohibited from being included in service charges and charging on behalf of schools. Library inquiry and electronic reading fees, lunch break management service fees, after-school care fees, bicycle care fees, etc. shall not be regarded as service charges and charges on behalf of others. It is strictly forbidden for schools of all levels and types to collect commercial insurance premiums, and schools are not allowed to collect military training fees, accommodation fees, transportation fees and photography fees from students during military training.

(2) Director Tang Lingyun of Qiaocheng District Development and Reform Commission publicized the price supervision during the "Three Summers" period.

In order to ensure the smooth development of summer harvest, summer sowing and summer management, and effectively protect the legitimate price rights and interests of grain farmers, Qiaocheng District Development and Reform Commission (Price Bureau) took measures to strengthen market price supervision during the three summers.

1. Strengthen monitoring and early warning. Pay close attention to the market price dynamics of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural films, gasoline and diesel, and conscientiously implement the minimum purchase price policy for wheat. Do a good job in early warning and forecasting, and insist on early monitoring, early forecasting and early disposal.

2. Strengthen market inspection. Inspect the market price of agricultural materials during the three summers, and severely investigate and deal with price violations such as spreading false price increase information, hoarding, price fraud, and unclear price tag.

3. Intensify policy propaganda. Strengthen price propaganda and public opinion guidance, and timely release the price information of agricultural machinery operation. Increase the publicity of a series of price policies of governments at all levels to stabilize agriculture and benefit farmers, and promote the implementation of various policies to benefit farmers.

Fourth, increase the investigation and punishment of price reports. Open the telephone number for price reporting, promptly accept reports from the masses, make prompt investigation and feedback, earnestly safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmers, and ensure the stability of market prices during the three summers.

(3) Zhang Jinglin, deputy director of the Airport Intercity Railway Office of the Municipal Development and Reform Commission (Municipal Price Bureau), introduced the progress of Bozhou Airport, the progress of the Shanghai-Hangzhou high-speed railway, and the progress of the preliminary work of the Bobang-Huaifu intercity railway project.

1. Progress of preparatory work for Bozhou Airport Project

(1) Project progress. Bozhou civil airport project belongs to the preliminary work project of the national "Twelfth Five-Year Comprehensive Transportation System Planning". In February 2017, Bozhou Civil Aviation Airport Project was included in the National Civil Aviation Development Layout Plan for 2030 and the Civil Aviation Construction Plan for the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan. In January 2018, the National Development and Reform Commission entrusted China Civil Aviation Engineering Consulting Company to hold an evaluation meeting on the pre-feasibility study report of Bozhou Airport Project. In February 2018, China Civil Aviation Engineering Consulting Company issued an evaluation report and submitted it to the National Development and Reform Commission.

Avic design institute has been entrusted to prepare the feasibility study report of the project simultaneously, and the feasibility study report will be submitted for approval after the project is approved. At the same time, special supporting reports such as energy-saving assessment, social stability risk report, seismic safety assessment, environmental impact assessment, soil and water conservation plan and land pre-trial required in the feasibility study stage have been determined by public bidding and other means.

(2) There are problems. The Central Military Commission issued a document in March 2018, which put forward new requirements for the approval procedures of civil aviation airports: the military-land agreement signed between the theater and the provincial government must be submitted to the Central Military Commission for approval before it can take effect. After the document was issued, the General Office of the Military Commission is reviewing 37 civil aviation airports in China that have entered the examination and approval procedures, and determining the list of airports that implement the new regulations of the Central Military Commission through consultation. Bozhou airport project approval needs to wait for the audit results, and the National Development and Reform Commission will perform the approval procedures according to the situation.

(3) the lower work arrangement. Timely link up the National Development and Reform Commission and the Joint Staff, grasp the audit of 37 civil aviation airports that have entered the examination and approval procedures by the Central Military Commission, and coordinate and promote the project approval of Bozhou Airport.

Supervise AVIC Design Institute and East China Flight Procedure Institute to develop project feasibility study, aircraft performance and flight procedures; Supervise the preparation of special supporting reports such as energy-saving assessment, social stability risk report, earthquake safety assessment, environmental impact assessment, soil and water conservation plan and land pre-examination.

(Bozhou Airport is a civil regional airport. The short-term design target year of the project is 2025. It is predicted that the annual passenger throughput will be 550,000 passengers, the annual postal throughput will be 1,900 tons, and the annual aircraft take-off and landing will be 5,671 sorties. The main construction contents of this phase of the project are: the flight zone index 4C, a new runway with a length of 2,600 meters and a width of 45 meters, a vertical connecting taxiway, six station platforms with Class C seats, and air traffic control, oil supply facilities and public supporting facilities. The total investment of this project is about 860 million yuan. )

2. Progress of Shanghai-Hangzhou High-speed Railway

(1) Project situation. Shangqiu-Hangzhou Railway is the second channel project of East China North-South Railway in the Medium-and Long-term Railway Network Planning of Anhui Province, and it is listed in the National Twelfth Five-Year Comprehensive Transportation System Planning. The project starts in Shangqiu, Henan Province, passes through Bozhou, Fuyang, Huainan, Hefei, Wuhu and Xuancheng in Anhui Province, and Huzhou in Zhejiang Province to Hangzhou. The main line is 795 kilometers long, with a design speed of 350 kilometers per hour and a total investment of about 96 billion yuan.

(2) Overview of Bozhou section. The Shang-He-Hang Railway is 67 kilometers long in Bozhou, with three passenger stations, namely Bozhou South Station, Lumiao Station and Gucheng Station. The two major node projects are the Guohe Bridge and Gucheng Bridge.

In order to give full play to the driving role of high-speed rail in urban economy, our city actively strives for the adjustment of high-speed railway station from Bozhou Station to Bozhou South Station, and the scale of the station building is 15,000 square meters.

In order to realize the connection between Bobang Intercity and Beijing-Shanghai High-speed Railway and Shanghe-Hangzhou Railway, with the efforts of our city, the railway head office agreed to reserve the conditions of Bobang Intercity Access in Bozhou South Station in the preliminary design reply of Shanghe-Hangzhou Railway: the arrangement scheme of Shanghe-Hangzhou Yard and Bobang Yard shall be adopted, and the planning and design shall be based on three sets of seven lines in Shanghe-Hangzhou Yard and two sets of three lines in Bobang Yard; Recently, there are 6 arrival and departure lines (including main lines) and 2 platforms in Shanghe Hangchang Station.

(3) Project progress. Our city has established an integrated promotion mechanism in the urban area, and unified all relevant functional departments in the urban area under the leadership of the local work headquarters in Bozhou section of the Shanghe-Hangzhou Railway, which has reduced intermediate links and improved the promotion efficiency from the system setting. Under the guarantee of working mechanism, the construction of our city is progressing smoothly. Since the construction units of China Railway 21st Bureau, Electrification Bureau and 18th Bureau entered the site in December 2015, the project progress has always ranked first in the province. As of June 25th, the pier construction of Bozhou section of Shanghe-Hangzhou Railway has been fully completed. Subgrade ancillary works have been built.

The building of Bozhou South Station was built by China Railway Beijing Bureau and entered the site on April 20th.

In order to realize the consistency of architectural style and the synchronization of construction between Bozhou station square and station building, our city took the lead in carrying out the combined bidding for the planning scheme design of station square (government) and station building (railway), which was praised by the railway corporation. At present, the square in front of Bozhou South Station was built by China Construction First Bureau, and the foundation stone was laid on April 18th. The preliminary construction section of Bobang intercity railway (station building and tie line project) has started construction, and the pile foundation construction of the cross-business Hehang Bridge has been completed, and the pier construction is currently underway.

(4) The next step. Our office connects five construction units (China Railway 21st Bureau, Electrification Bureau and 18th Bureau), station building (China Railway Beijing Bureau) and plaza (China Railway 1st Bureau) every week to optimize the construction environment, coordinate and solve problems, fully promote the construction of Shanghai-Hangzhou high-speed railway, and ensure the realization of the goal and task of keeping the progress among the best in the province.

3. Preliminary work of Bobang-Huaifu intercity railway project.

In order to improve the traffic location advantage in northern Anhui and improve the layout of railway network, the Provincial Railway Office has carried out the compilation and approval of the Inter-city Railway Network Planning in northern Anhui. At present, the text of the Plan has been completed; In May 2017, the environmental impact report of the Plan was approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection; At the end of 2017, the Plan was revised according to national requirements and reported again. The Plan includes the inter-city railways of Huai-Su-Fu and Bo-Bang.

The preliminary work of the inter-city railway project in northern Anhui Province was promoted by Anhui Investment Group. At present, the first draft of the Feasibility Study Report on the New Huaisu-Bengbo Express Railway has been compiled by China Railway Shanghai Design Institute. After the "North Anhui Intercity Railway Network Planning" is approved by the state, the provincial investment group will take the lead in joint venture with the cities to promote the project construction in accordance with the relevant policies of the Anhui provincial government’s upcoming intercity railway development opinions (extracting construction funds from land transfer fees, setting up a compensation mechanism, and comprehensive land development, etc.).

According to the convergence, in accordance with the deployment of the state to strictly control financial risks, the National Development and Reform Commission has successively issued policy requirements for urban rail transit and intercity railways. All provinces and cities must establish a fund-raising and loss-making mechanism, strictly control project loans, and suspend the approval of relevant plans in 2018. In the next step, we will put forward implementation suggestions based on the development opinions of provincial intercity railways and the development needs and stages of our city, and report to the municipal government to study and determine the construction timing of the Bo-Bang intercity railway, and carry out related work such as raising construction funds.