Original title: The quality of water ecological environment in the city is stable, moderate and good, and the river length accounts for 75.2%, and the Chaobai River system is the best.
On the morning of August 23rd, the Municipal Bureau of Ecology and Environment held a press conference on "Three-water Overall Planning" in Beijing to improve the water ecological quality. It is reported that with the city’s promotion of water environment management, exploration of water ecological restoration, and multi-pronged in-depth defense of clear water, the city’s water ecological environment quality has achieved steady improvement.
Since the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", the city has continued to implement the regional compensation policy for water environment. "If the water is good, you have to pay for the water difference." With the continuous improvement of the water ecological environment quality in the city, the compensation has dropped significantly from 970 million yuan in 2015 to 21.6 million yuan in 2021. The proportion of rivers with excellent water quality in the city has increased from 48% in 2015 to 75.2% in 2021, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) have increased significantly.
Strive to complete the remediation goal three years ahead of schedule.
In recent years, the city has focused on "protecting the superior ⅲ", "eliminating the inferior ⅴ" and "strengthening the ecology", and has made a multi-pronged and in-depth defense of clear water, and the quality of the city’s water ecological environment has been stable and good. The natural beauty of "green hills are not painted for a thousand years, and green waters have no strings and thousands of guqin" has gradually become the background of citizens’ lives.
In the water ecological management of this city, we focus on the inferior V water bodies that affect the quality of water ecological environment and the public’s personal feelings, highlight the precise pollution control, and take the remediation of sewage outlets into the river as the starting point to continuously consolidate the effectiveness of governance.
Liu Baoxian, director of the Municipal Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, introduced that since 2021, the city has started the work of eliminating inferiority in an all-round way, and the relevant tasks have been included in the annual plan for pollution prevention and control and the annual general river order. In 2021, focusing on Chaoyang, Fangshan, Daxing, Changping and Tongzhou districts, "one river and one policy" was adopted to formulate "engineering+management" control measures, and by the end of the year, the city’s inferior V rivers were dynamically cleared; In 2022, we will focus on the fluctuation of water quality in flood season, further ensure the results of deterioration through the actions of "Qinghe" and "pigging", and use monitoring, early warning and notification to prevent the rebound of inferior V water bodies.
Liu Baoxian said that in 2021, the city started the remediation of sewage outlets into the river. It is expected that all the remediation will be completed by the end of 2022, and strive to complete the goals set by the state three years ahead of schedule.
Han Yongzhen, director of the Water Ecological Environment Division of the Municipal Ecological Environment Bureau, introduced that in 2021, the length of rivers with Class I-III water quality in this city accounted for 75.2% of the total monitoring length, an increase of 11.4 percentage points year-on-year; No inferior V rivers. In the first half of 2022, among the 37 national examination sections, there were 26 water quality sections of Grade I-III, accounting for 70.3%, an increase of 16.2 percentage points year-on-year, and there were no inferior sections of Grade V, which dynamically met the national annual assessment requirements.
The distribution of indicator species in clean water has expanded.
The quality of water ecological environment includes not only physical and chemical indicators in the traditional sense, but also aquatic organisms and habitat indicators. Good water ecological environment quality should be crystal clear, and there should be fish and grass.
According to Liu Baoxian, monitoring shows that the city is rich in aquatic species. A total of 134 species of phytoplankton, 231 species of zooplankton, 284 species of zoobenthos and 41 species of fish were monitored in the city, and indigenous fish such as wheat ear fish and high-body thrush were widely present. At the same time, a variety of second-class aquatic wild protected animals in Beijing, such as broad-finned fish, black-finned fish, horse mouth fish and spiny fish, were also monitored. In addition, 37 species of EPT have been found, which are distributed in five major river systems in the city. EPT species are recognized as the indicator species of clean water bodies, which refer to the three kinds of aquatic insects in benthic animal communities, namely, Ephemera, Amphibia and Trichoptera. Most of them like to live in clear and clean water, and are very sensitive to water quality, so they can be regarded as the "wind vane" for water system cleaning.
"In recent years, the population number and distribution range of fish that are often active in clean water bodies in mountainous areas, such as horse mouth fish and black fin fish, have obviously expanded, and they are also found in urban river sections in plain areas." Liu Baoxian said that this also shows the effectiveness of improving the quality of water ecological environment in recent years.
Judging from the comprehensive evaluation, the water ecological environment quality of the whole city is generally good. Among the five major water systems in the city, the Chaobai River system has the best water ecological environment quality, followed by Yongding River system, Daqing River system, Jiyun River system and North Canal system. From the point of view of rivers, 55.7% of the rivers have excellent water ecological environment quality, among which the rivers in mountainous areas have clean water quality, high natural shoreline retention rate and good ecological background, and the water ecological environment quality has reached "excellent" or "good", such as Huaijiu River in Huairou District, Xinhuaying River in Yanqing District and Juma River in Fangshan District.
From the point of view of lakes, 66.7% of urban key lakes have a "good" water ecological environment quality, such as Kunming Lake and Yuyuantan Lake. From the reservoir point of view, the 18 large and medium-sized reservoirs monitored are all "excellent" or "good", among which the water ecological environment quality of Miyun Reservoir, Huairou Reservoir, Huangsongyu Reservoir and Zhaitang Reservoir has reached "excellent".
Ensure good water upstream and send clear water downstream.
In the protection of water environment, the city protects the upstream "a basin of good water" and fully protects the "priceless treasure" of Miyun Reservoir. On the basis of fully enclosed management and monitoring coverage of Miyun Reservoir, we will further promote the construction of refined monitoring network and system platform for water ecological environment in the basin, and continuously improve the supervision ability. The city innovatively carried out compensation for horizontal ecological protection in the Chaobai River basin in the upper reaches of Miyun Reservoir. In the past three years, it supported compensation funds of 950 million yuan in Rizo, which effectively promoted the continuous decline of pollutant concentration in cross-border sections. The water quality of Miyun Reservoir has reached Class II continuously and stably, and it has been selected as the first batch of excellent cases of "beautiful rivers and lakes" in China.
At the same time, send the downstream "one river clear water". Beijing and Hebei have established a cross-border cooperation mechanism in Baiyangdian basin to promote the joint treatment of water pollution in Daqing River basin. In 2021, focusing on the utilization of reclaimed water, water system circulation and ecological construction, a number of ecological control and restoration projects were implemented in Fengtai and Fangshan District to further enhance the water quality regulation capacity of Daqing River Basin, and the water quality in the exit section was improved to Grade III, and the water flowing into Baiyangdian Lake was clearer.
In Beijing, there are also "rivers and water". Beijing has jointly dispatched external water transfer, local surface water, reclaimed water and rain flood, and comprehensively practiced "opening the way with water and leading the way with water". Five major rivers, such as Yongding River and Chaobai River, have all reappeared as "flowing rivers" and run through the sea. In 2021, the Beijing section of the Grand Canal will be fully navigable, and in June 2022, the Beijing-Hebei section of the Grand Canal will be interconnected for 62 kilometers. (Luo Qianwen)